Introduction - San Jose State University
... (b) Additionally, the year by year (blue curve) and 50 year average (black curve) variations of the average surface temperature of the Northern Hemisphere for the past 1000 years have been reconstructed from “proxy” data calibrated against thermometer data (see list of the main proxy data in the di ...
... (b) Additionally, the year by year (blue curve) and 50 year average (black curve) variations of the average surface temperature of the Northern Hemisphere for the past 1000 years have been reconstructed from “proxy” data calibrated against thermometer data (see list of the main proxy data in the di ...
A new scenario framework for climate change research: the concept
... forcing range, e.g. for the two RCPs attaining 6 and 8.5 W/m2 by the end of the century, may be populated by reference scenarios that project socioeconomic developments and emissions in the absence of climate policy and are based purely on the SSPs, although the extent and pattern of climate change ...
... forcing range, e.g. for the two RCPs attaining 6 and 8.5 W/m2 by the end of the century, may be populated by reference scenarios that project socioeconomic developments and emissions in the absence of climate policy and are based purely on the SSPs, although the extent and pattern of climate change ...
Community based adaptation to climate change
... cost-effective way to reduce vulnerability to climate change.13 A longstanding literature within development studies14 has argued that risks posed by disasters and natural hazards are often linked more to social, economic, and even political factors in different contexts rather than simply the size ...
... cost-effective way to reduce vulnerability to climate change.13 A longstanding literature within development studies14 has argued that risks posed by disasters and natural hazards are often linked more to social, economic, and even political factors in different contexts rather than simply the size ...
Nitrogen deposition
... average models tend to be lower) • Good skill over US stations, with a tendency to overestimate nitrogen deposition (10%) at large values ...
... average models tend to be lower) • Good skill over US stations, with a tendency to overestimate nitrogen deposition (10%) at large values ...
Vulnerability to climate change of marine and coastal fisheries in
... Upwelling zones. These are productive coastal zones where cold subsurface waters, rich in nutrients emerge. In the Pacific coast, during winter and spring, and in non-ENSO years, upwelling is generated when the thermocline is shallower. Wind patterns promote this process along the western coast of t ...
... Upwelling zones. These are productive coastal zones where cold subsurface waters, rich in nutrients emerge. In the Pacific coast, during winter and spring, and in non-ENSO years, upwelling is generated when the thermocline is shallower. Wind patterns promote this process along the western coast of t ...
The impacts of climate change on human rights and forced migration
... affected by climate change. Its vulnerability stems from the combination of its extremely high population density, low resource base, principally agrarian economy, geography and high incidence of natural disasters11. Bangladesh does not have the capacity to fully protect and assist its population wi ...
... affected by climate change. Its vulnerability stems from the combination of its extremely high population density, low resource base, principally agrarian economy, geography and high incidence of natural disasters11. Bangladesh does not have the capacity to fully protect and assist its population wi ...
Coutts et al 2007
... The ratio of z0m/z0h is much larger in urban areas (e.g., ~1000 or greater) Moisture availability is reduced due to impervious surfaces (high Bowen ratio) Storage heat flux is significantly higher in urban areas (Q = Net – H – LE) Anthropogenic contribution to heat flux in urban areas Reduced emiss ...
... The ratio of z0m/z0h is much larger in urban areas (e.g., ~1000 or greater) Moisture availability is reduced due to impervious surfaces (high Bowen ratio) Storage heat flux is significantly higher in urban areas (Q = Net – H – LE) Anthropogenic contribution to heat flux in urban areas Reduced emiss ...
1. introduction
... persistently. Even if the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can be stabilized by 2100, sea levels will continue to rise for many centuries. The thawing of the Greenland ice sheet which is likely to set in with an increase in temperature of more than 2°C would continue for even thou ...
... persistently. Even if the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can be stabilized by 2100, sea levels will continue to rise for many centuries. The thawing of the Greenland ice sheet which is likely to set in with an increase in temperature of more than 2°C would continue for even thou ...
Working Paper - University of Sussex
... The uncertainty is rather large, however. The error bars in Figure 1, derived from the few standard errors report in Table 1, depict the 95% confidence interval. This is probably an underestimate of the true uncertainty, as experts tend to be overconfident and as the 27 estimates were derived by a g ...
... The uncertainty is rather large, however. The error bars in Figure 1, derived from the few standard errors report in Table 1, depict the 95% confidence interval. This is probably an underestimate of the true uncertainty, as experts tend to be overconfident and as the 27 estimates were derived by a g ...
Climate change and Tourism in the Alps: a position paper in view of
... Indeed, downhill skiing is the most vulnerable activity. Also cross-country skiing faces the risk of the absence of snow during individual years, which could preclude the activity. Trails are often at relatively low elevations, but snow cover is frequently less exposed to the sun where the trails ar ...
... Indeed, downhill skiing is the most vulnerable activity. Also cross-country skiing faces the risk of the absence of snow during individual years, which could preclude the activity. Trails are often at relatively low elevations, but snow cover is frequently less exposed to the sun where the trails ar ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... the warmest years since instrumental recording began in 1850. In addition, the linear trend warming over the period 1956 to 2005 was almost twice that for the 100 years from 1906 to 2005. Increases in global temperatures, through thermal expansion and the melting glaciers, are also pushing up sea le ...
... the warmest years since instrumental recording began in 1850. In addition, the linear trend warming over the period 1956 to 2005 was almost twice that for the 100 years from 1906 to 2005. Increases in global temperatures, through thermal expansion and the melting glaciers, are also pushing up sea le ...
Evaluation of FAO's contribution to climate change adaptation and mitigation - Management Response
... to assist and influence member countries and international stakeholders. FAO will build upon and especially strengthen its partnerships and collaboration with other UN organizations, such as the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in ...
... to assist and influence member countries and international stakeholders. FAO will build upon and especially strengthen its partnerships and collaboration with other UN organizations, such as the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in ...
97% Consensus? No! Global Warming Math
... to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations” where “very likely” means > 90% certainty. The more recent IPCC report states, “It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid- 20th century.” And states: “Climate change will ...
... to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations” where “very likely” means > 90% certainty. The more recent IPCC report states, “It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid- 20th century.” And states: “Climate change will ...
The intensification and shift of the annual North Atlantic Oscillation in
... the annual concentrations of the greenhouse gases are specified as observed from 1860 to 1990, and prescribed based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario IS92a (IPCC, 1992) after 1990. The integration starts at January 1860 and ends at December 2099. More details on the si ...
... the annual concentrations of the greenhouse gases are specified as observed from 1860 to 1990, and prescribed based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario IS92a (IPCC, 1992) after 1990. The integration starts at January 1860 and ends at December 2099. More details on the si ...
Hawaii`s Changing Climate - School of Ocean and Earth Science
... and natural ecosystems25 (for instance, because of climate change, ecosystems have to migrate an average 0.25 miles per year to stay within their natural climate zone26). Antarctica has warmed27 at a rate commensurate with global patterns, about 0.22oF per decade since 1957, for a total average temp ...
... and natural ecosystems25 (for instance, because of climate change, ecosystems have to migrate an average 0.25 miles per year to stay within their natural climate zone26). Antarctica has warmed27 at a rate commensurate with global patterns, about 0.22oF per decade since 1957, for a total average temp ...
FiELDiNG CLiMATE CHANGE iN CULTURAL
... farmers in the Puebla-Tlaxcala Valley came from simply being there: helping with the harvest, chatting with mothers outside the primary school, attending a wedding celebration or school graduation. None of these methods and data sources would have been sufficient on their own to understand the full ...
... farmers in the Puebla-Tlaxcala Valley came from simply being there: helping with the harvest, chatting with mothers outside the primary school, attending a wedding celebration or school graduation. None of these methods and data sources would have been sufficient on their own to understand the full ...
Climate Change as a Regulator of Tectonics on Venus
... that the various sets formed at different times in response to stress fields in which the direction of greatest compressive stress differed. Nonetheless, a regional trend dominates ridge orientation for 80% of the ridged plains (6), and it is these regional trends that are well fit by gravitational ...
... that the various sets formed at different times in response to stress fields in which the direction of greatest compressive stress differed. Nonetheless, a regional trend dominates ridge orientation for 80% of the ridged plains (6), and it is these regional trends that are well fit by gravitational ...
Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
... roadways should be explored and promoted in situations where they are technically feasible and economically rational; in particular within urban environments. Where road-based transport emerges as the only technically sound and viable approach, road infrastructure should be designed in ways that min ...
... roadways should be explored and promoted in situations where they are technically feasible and economically rational; in particular within urban environments. Where road-based transport emerges as the only technically sound and viable approach, road infrastructure should be designed in ways that min ...
Impact of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on Ocean
... we allow h1 to vary across models. Remarkably, this simple two-layer ocean model, constrained only by SST and surface heat fluxes, captures essential features of ocean circulation and heat storage found within coupled GCMs. In agreement with Geoffroy et al. [2013b], who perform a similar EBM calibra ...
... we allow h1 to vary across models. Remarkably, this simple two-layer ocean model, constrained only by SST and surface heat fluxes, captures essential features of ocean circulation and heat storage found within coupled GCMs. In agreement with Geoffroy et al. [2013b], who perform a similar EBM calibra ...
Forecasting climate change impacts on plant populations over large
... Plant population models are powerful tools for predicting climate change impacts in one l ocation, but are difficult to apply at landscape scales. We overcome this limitation by taking advantage of two recent advances: remotely sensed, species-specific estimates of plant cover and statistical mode ...
... Plant population models are powerful tools for predicting climate change impacts in one l ocation, but are difficult to apply at landscape scales. We overcome this limitation by taking advantage of two recent advances: remotely sensed, species-specific estimates of plant cover and statistical mode ...
View/Open
... neglected area of research. Little is known about how climate interacts with other drivers of change in agricultural systems and broader development trends. The likely impacts of climate change on the vulnerability of resource-poor croppers and livestock keepers need to be better understood, so that ...
... neglected area of research. Little is known about how climate interacts with other drivers of change in agricultural systems and broader development trends. The likely impacts of climate change on the vulnerability of resource-poor croppers and livestock keepers need to be better understood, so that ...
A PERIOD OF CONSEQUENCES: GLOBAL WARMING, SOCIAL
... rebuild? As shoreline erosion and inundation continues, what will happen to these people? For those living in the foothills of the Himalayas, what will they do when the dams holding back the swelling glacial lakes finally burst? To consider an example closer to home, while it is not scientifically s ...
... rebuild? As shoreline erosion and inundation continues, what will happen to these people? For those living in the foothills of the Himalayas, what will they do when the dams holding back the swelling glacial lakes finally burst? To consider an example closer to home, while it is not scientifically s ...
PDF
... Lastly, what does the future hold for wine production under climate change? One study finds that many wine regions around the world have reached an optimal growing season temperature threshold above which vintage quality tends to decline (Jones et al., 2005). In fact, longer term predictions about t ...
... Lastly, what does the future hold for wine production under climate change? One study finds that many wine regions around the world have reached an optimal growing season temperature threshold above which vintage quality tends to decline (Jones et al., 2005). In fact, longer term predictions about t ...