potential effects of climate change on ecosystem and tree species
... and the more pessimistic A2 ‘‘enterprise’’ emission scenario implemented through the general circulation models CGCM2 and HadCM3 and available through the Canadian Institute of Climate Studies (CICS 2004). An even greater magnitude of uncertainty than from alternate emission scenarios arises from th ...
... and the more pessimistic A2 ‘‘enterprise’’ emission scenario implemented through the general circulation models CGCM2 and HadCM3 and available through the Canadian Institute of Climate Studies (CICS 2004). An even greater magnitude of uncertainty than from alternate emission scenarios arises from th ...
Links between climate change, conflict and governance in Africa
... world’s nightmare, a continent with climate-dependent economic sectors at risk of violent ethnic conflict. The conflicts in Africa are attributable to demand for the fair distribution of resources, historical grievances, disputes over access to increasingly scarce resources and weak state institutio ...
... world’s nightmare, a continent with climate-dependent economic sectors at risk of violent ethnic conflict. The conflicts in Africa are attributable to demand for the fair distribution of resources, historical grievances, disputes over access to increasingly scarce resources and weak state institutio ...
Managing United States Public Lands in Response to Climate Change
... prominently in any decision process, such as laws and customs on public lands that have been passed down for a century or more and affect current policies through inertia and constituencies (for a thorough history of historical legacies in U.S. public lands law please see Wilkinson 1992). This study ...
... prominently in any decision process, such as laws and customs on public lands that have been passed down for a century or more and affect current policies through inertia and constituencies (for a thorough history of historical legacies in U.S. public lands law please see Wilkinson 1992). This study ...
Climate Choices for a Sustainable Southwest
... are pursuing energy and water efficiency, renewable energy, or sustainable agriculture for other reasons but these can also reduce emissions or assist with adaptation. This chapter features the following key findings: • The U.S. Southwest is a region with great capacity both to respond to environme ...
... are pursuing energy and water efficiency, renewable energy, or sustainable agriculture for other reasons but these can also reduce emissions or assist with adaptation. This chapter features the following key findings: • The U.S. Southwest is a region with great capacity both to respond to environme ...
Chapter 4: Traditional Ricardian Method and
... cannot discern the independent effects of prices and price cannot be included (Cline 1996). The omission of prices leads the Ricardian model to over-predict damages and benefits (Mendelsohn and Nordhaus 1996a). If production falls, prices will rise and soften the blow to farmers. Similarly, if produ ...
... cannot discern the independent effects of prices and price cannot be included (Cline 1996). The omission of prices leads the Ricardian model to over-predict damages and benefits (Mendelsohn and Nordhaus 1996a). If production falls, prices will rise and soften the blow to farmers. Similarly, if produ ...
- ePrints Soton
... Deforestation causes changes in albedo, evapotranspiration rates and water balance [19], establishing land-climate feedbacks that affect atmospheric circulation and rainfall [20]. Moreover, atmospheric changes associated with large-scale deforestation are not restricted to deforested habitats, but a ...
... Deforestation causes changes in albedo, evapotranspiration rates and water balance [19], establishing land-climate feedbacks that affect atmospheric circulation and rainfall [20]. Moreover, atmospheric changes associated with large-scale deforestation are not restricted to deforested habitats, but a ...
Climate change, wine, and conservation
... the Canadian/US border. The conservation effort most likely to be impacted by changing wine suitability in this region is the Yellowstone to Yukon (Y2Y) initiative, a multiagency, multiorganization effort to provide habitat linkages for large and wideranging mammal species such as grizzly bear (Ursu ...
... the Canadian/US border. The conservation effort most likely to be impacted by changing wine suitability in this region is the Yellowstone to Yukon (Y2Y) initiative, a multiagency, multiorganization effort to provide habitat linkages for large and wideranging mammal species such as grizzly bear (Ursu ...
The potential contribution of British Columbia`s forest sector to
... cross-laminated lumber produced from wood harvested in BC will reduce BC forest C stocks, but increase C stored in harvested wood products (inside and outside of BC) and reduce emissions where such wood is used to substitute concrete or steel products with the associated high emissions in the region ...
... cross-laminated lumber produced from wood harvested in BC will reduce BC forest C stocks, but increase C stored in harvested wood products (inside and outside of BC) and reduce emissions where such wood is used to substitute concrete or steel products with the associated high emissions in the region ...
Adaptation and Vulnerability to Climate Change: The
... rising at an accelerating pace, now up to 3mm per year as a world average, but even faster in the west Pacific and east Indian Ocean10. The acidity of the sea is starting to increase as it absorbs more carbon dioxide11. In coming decades, whatever we do, we are committed to a further rise in tempera ...
... rising at an accelerating pace, now up to 3mm per year as a world average, but even faster in the west Pacific and east Indian Ocean10. The acidity of the sea is starting to increase as it absorbs more carbon dioxide11. In coming decades, whatever we do, we are committed to a further rise in tempera ...
National Security and the Threat of Climate Change
... many of their recommendations have yet to be implemented. Doing so would have the added benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 5. The Department of Defense should conduct an assessment of the impact on U.S. military installations worldwide of rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and othe ...
... many of their recommendations have yet to be implemented. Doing so would have the added benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 5. The Department of Defense should conduct an assessment of the impact on U.S. military installations worldwide of rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and othe ...
The Changing Earth-Life System—Critical Information for
... nized the necessity of studying the complete diversity of these past Earth system states in detail (Parrish et al., 2011), but progress has been slow for a variety of reasons, including the difficulty of accurately positioning the numerous, high-resolution environmental records in time. Despite the ...
... nized the necessity of studying the complete diversity of these past Earth system states in detail (Parrish et al., 2011), but progress has been slow for a variety of reasons, including the difficulty of accurately positioning the numerous, high-resolution environmental records in time. Despite the ...
a new report
... many of their recommendations have yet to be implemented. Doing so would have the added benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 5. The Department of Defense should conduct an assessment of the impact on U.S. military installations worldwide of rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and othe ...
... many of their recommendations have yet to be implemented. Doing so would have the added benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 5. The Department of Defense should conduct an assessment of the impact on U.S. military installations worldwide of rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and othe ...
PDF
... or place to harm from exposure to the hazard and directly affects the ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from hazards and disasters. Both these definitions agree that vulnerability refers to the susceptibility to harm, rather than the measure of harm itself, which may be due to exposure ...
... or place to harm from exposure to the hazard and directly affects the ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from hazards and disasters. Both these definitions agree that vulnerability refers to the susceptibility to harm, rather than the measure of harm itself, which may be due to exposure ...
Impact of climate change on photochemical air pollution in Southern
... Assuming relative humidity remains constant in the future climate scenario, absolute humidity was adjusted given the new (higher) temperatures. This calculation adjusts the ratio of (g water)/(kg air) to maintain the same relative humidity under future temperature conditions. Note that in the “humid ...
... Assuming relative humidity remains constant in the future climate scenario, absolute humidity was adjusted given the new (higher) temperatures. This calculation adjusts the ratio of (g water)/(kg air) to maintain the same relative humidity under future temperature conditions. Note that in the “humid ...
Climate Variability and Change with Implications for Transportation
... derived from a locally weighted regression (lowess filter; Cleveland et al., 1988). An advantage of a lowess filter is that it is not impacted very much by one extreme annual value that might occur in an El Niño year, and therefore depicts the underlying long-term changes quite well. 2.2 Projections ...
... derived from a locally weighted regression (lowess filter; Cleveland et al., 1988). An advantage of a lowess filter is that it is not impacted very much by one extreme annual value that might occur in an El Niño year, and therefore depicts the underlying long-term changes quite well. 2.2 Projections ...
Climate Changes Caucasus - WWF
... Through increasing temperature, decreasing water availability, increased damage from floods and storms, sea level rise and associated coastal erosion, climate change will no doubt put a challenge to the future development in the Southern Caucasus. To reduce impacts will require the enhancement of ec ...
... Through increasing temperature, decreasing water availability, increased damage from floods and storms, sea level rise and associated coastal erosion, climate change will no doubt put a challenge to the future development in the Southern Caucasus. To reduce impacts will require the enhancement of ec ...
Skill and reliability of climate model ensembles at the Last Glacial
... two changes compared to the pre-industrial climate. Orbital forcing parameters are changed, and the atmospheric methane concentration is decreased slightly (from 760 ppb to 650 ppb). The changes in orbital parameters affect the seasonal pattern of insolation. Annually averaged, however, the insolati ...
... two changes compared to the pre-industrial climate. Orbital forcing parameters are changed, and the atmospheric methane concentration is decreased slightly (from 760 ppb to 650 ppb). The changes in orbital parameters affect the seasonal pattern of insolation. Annually averaged, however, the insolati ...
Report 4A - Land and water use options for climate change adaptation and mitigation in agriculture
... Temperature The Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (Easterling et al., 2007) suggests that moderate warming, i.e. in the first half of this century, may benefit crop and pasture yields in temperate regions, while it would decrease yields in semi-arid and tropical regions. Modelling studies indicat ...
... Temperature The Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (Easterling et al., 2007) suggests that moderate warming, i.e. in the first half of this century, may benefit crop and pasture yields in temperate regions, while it would decrease yields in semi-arid and tropical regions. Modelling studies indicat ...
Living in an Uncertain World
... strongly argues for mitigation rather than adaptation (reinforcing and adding to other arguments, i.e. ethical ones). 2. To limit global warming to 2C – in fact, to keep global warming below 5C – we must cut emissions markedly and eventually cease emissions. - We have to do this anyway as we do not ...
... strongly argues for mitigation rather than adaptation (reinforcing and adding to other arguments, i.e. ethical ones). 2. To limit global warming to 2C – in fact, to keep global warming below 5C – we must cut emissions markedly and eventually cease emissions. - We have to do this anyway as we do not ...
pdf
... literature documenting these changes. Recent observations reported in the National Climate Assessment Public Review Version (NCA; USGCRP, 2013) show that the Northeast of the U.S. is warming and that heavy downpours are increasing in the region. The Special Report on Extreme Events (SREX) of the Int ...
... literature documenting these changes. Recent observations reported in the National Climate Assessment Public Review Version (NCA; USGCRP, 2013) show that the Northeast of the U.S. is warming and that heavy downpours are increasing in the region. The Special Report on Extreme Events (SREX) of the Int ...
Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change in Berlin – AFOK
... we should succeed to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions at current levels. However, that is not to be expected. Despite the Paris Agreement, signed at the end of 2015, global emissions continue to rise. If this trend is to be upheld, the global mean temperature might increase to a range of 2 to 6 °C ...
... we should succeed to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions at current levels. However, that is not to be expected. Despite the Paris Agreement, signed at the end of 2015, global emissions continue to rise. If this trend is to be upheld, the global mean temperature might increase to a range of 2 to 6 °C ...
Forcing of anthropogenic aerosols on temperature trends of the sub
... and a shoaling thermocline7,9,13, is associated with enhanced regional IO Walker and Hadley cells8. The subtropical gyre shift coincides with a poleward shift and strengthening of the midlatitude westerlies, and is attributed to a combination of stratospheric ozone depletion and increased greenhouse ...
... and a shoaling thermocline7,9,13, is associated with enhanced regional IO Walker and Hadley cells8. The subtropical gyre shift coincides with a poleward shift and strengthening of the midlatitude westerlies, and is attributed to a combination of stratospheric ozone depletion and increased greenhouse ...
Science or Spin? Assessing the Accuracy of Cable News Coverage
... debate that featured Erick Erikson, then a CNN contributor and columnist for RedState, who stated that extreme weather was worse in the 1950s than it is today. Erikson argued that, “It doesn’t help that scientists have to keep changing the language from global warming to climate change to now extrem ...
... debate that featured Erick Erikson, then a CNN contributor and columnist for RedState, who stated that extreme weather was worse in the 1950s than it is today. Erikson argued that, “It doesn’t help that scientists have to keep changing the language from global warming to climate change to now extrem ...
Climate change and freshwater ecosystems: impacts across multiple
... In this review we address the need to understand biological responses at the higher levels of organization, suggest ways by which we might link these changes to energetic constraints imposed on individuals, and outline the potential for integrating these approaches to develop the more coherent theor ...
... In this review we address the need to understand biological responses at the higher levels of organization, suggest ways by which we might link these changes to energetic constraints imposed on individuals, and outline the potential for integrating these approaches to develop the more coherent theor ...