Intro to Philosophy
... – What is the nature of the cosmos? What is it made of? How is it structured? (W, I, C) – Did the cosmos come into being? If so, how? (W, I, C) – Will the cosmos cease to be in the future? (W) – Is there a reality above & beyond the cosmos (a “supernatural” reality), or is the cosmos (nature) “all t ...
... – What is the nature of the cosmos? What is it made of? How is it structured? (W, I, C) – Did the cosmos come into being? If so, how? (W, I, C) – Will the cosmos cease to be in the future? (W) – Is there a reality above & beyond the cosmos (a “supernatural” reality), or is the cosmos (nature) “all t ...
DARWINISM - The theory attributed to Charles Darwin (1809
... all biological organisms evolve through natural selection, a scientific term which essentially means that certain species will survive over others because they are better suited to a particular environment. For instance, as different species are struggling to survive in a particular ecosystem, Natur ...
... all biological organisms evolve through natural selection, a scientific term which essentially means that certain species will survive over others because they are better suited to a particular environment. For instance, as different species are struggling to survive in a particular ecosystem, Natur ...
philosophers. The guardians who are selected
... Not long before, Athens, under the rule of Socrates’ associates, had lost a war with Sparta, and very antidemocratic reprisals had followed which Athenians still resented. Plato therefore takes pains to distinguish the true philosopher from people who would pretend to be philosophers and have a fals ...
... Not long before, Athens, under the rule of Socrates’ associates, had lost a war with Sparta, and very antidemocratic reprisals had followed which Athenians still resented. Plato therefore takes pains to distinguish the true philosopher from people who would pretend to be philosophers and have a fals ...
Bold hypothesis by Popper
... swamp. It is like a building erected on piles. The piles are driven down from above into the swamp, but not down to any natural or ‘given’ base; and if we stop driving the piles deeper, it is not because we have reached firm ground. We simply stop when we are satisfied that the piles are firm enough ...
... swamp. It is like a building erected on piles. The piles are driven down from above into the swamp, but not down to any natural or ‘given’ base; and if we stop driving the piles deeper, it is not because we have reached firm ground. We simply stop when we are satisfied that the piles are firm enough ...
Ethical and Religious Language
... words) or empirically verifiable (shown be experience to be true). Because statements about God and statements about values are neither analytic nor empirically verifiable, Ayer claimed, they are not meaningful – they don’t say anything about how the world is. The verification principle has since be ...
... words) or empirically verifiable (shown be experience to be true). Because statements about God and statements about values are neither analytic nor empirically verifiable, Ayer claimed, they are not meaningful – they don’t say anything about how the world is. The verification principle has since be ...
1 Empiricism, Rationalism, and Plato`s Innatism Intro to Philosophy
... Hume think that math is performed by way of reason alright, via the process of sorting out in the head the relations that obtain between ideas; but because the mind is, as Locke famously put it, a blank slate at birth, the contents of these ideas whose relations to each other reason reflects upon in ...
... Hume think that math is performed by way of reason alright, via the process of sorting out in the head the relations that obtain between ideas; but because the mind is, as Locke famously put it, a blank slate at birth, the contents of these ideas whose relations to each other reason reflects upon in ...
Anne Leslie Tiffany 2.doc
... This question seemed appropriate for a short answer question so that we could get the students to actually discuss why they felt that the standards were important. They will have the opportunity to discuss in their own terms why the standards are important, and focus on a certain standard, if they s ...
... This question seemed appropriate for a short answer question so that we could get the students to actually discuss why they felt that the standards were important. They will have the opportunity to discuss in their own terms why the standards are important, and focus on a certain standard, if they s ...
Masses of Formal Philosophy `Interview`
... methods could serve philosophical ends: this time, a thesis that was born in an informal debate in moral psychology could apparently be expressed decisiontheoretically. The decision-theoretic machinery could then be deployed to deliver a formal verdict, which could then be translated back to bear on ...
... methods could serve philosophical ends: this time, a thesis that was born in an informal debate in moral psychology could apparently be expressed decisiontheoretically. The decision-theoretic machinery could then be deployed to deliver a formal verdict, which could then be translated back to bear on ...
Julie`s Thoughts On Plato`s Republic (Part 2 of 3) You`ll remember
... see whether they agree or disagree. But b/c most translations leave out or misplace the question marks, a first time reader would hear him asserting these things, instead of merely expressing them for the sake of argument. You have to back up sufficiently to hear his complaints. He does say, rather ...
... see whether they agree or disagree. But b/c most translations leave out or misplace the question marks, a first time reader would hear him asserting these things, instead of merely expressing them for the sake of argument. You have to back up sufficiently to hear his complaints. He does say, rather ...
Class #3 - 12/18/13
... for example, you believe that all of reality is matter, or that God is the only reality, then you are a monist. Early debates among the Pre-Socratics centered on identifying a single underlying principle or source of material reality. Thales claimed it was water. Anaximenes proposed that it was air ...
... for example, you believe that all of reality is matter, or that God is the only reality, then you are a monist. Early debates among the Pre-Socratics centered on identifying a single underlying principle or source of material reality. Thales claimed it was water. Anaximenes proposed that it was air ...
What is Logical Form?
... universe, or that there is a "higher world" and a "lower world", or that reality is composed of spirit and matter, you are a dualist. In general, most Christians are dualists. They hold that reality is divided into two parts. Our souls are eternal and non-material; our bodies, like the physical univ ...
... universe, or that there is a "higher world" and a "lower world", or that reality is composed of spirit and matter, you are a dualist. In general, most Christians are dualists. They hold that reality is divided into two parts. Our souls are eternal and non-material; our bodies, like the physical univ ...
Why does Camus suggest at the end of his essay that “one must
... entirely in one's lifetime. No ethical system binds the absurd man, but this does not mean that absurd man must live totally immorally. Rather, he may choose to live a life that others would consider upright or moral, since such virtue is an experience just like any other experience. Thus, there are ...
... entirely in one's lifetime. No ethical system binds the absurd man, but this does not mean that absurd man must live totally immorally. Rather, he may choose to live a life that others would consider upright or moral, since such virtue is an experience just like any other experience. Thus, there are ...
HW #3 Solutions
... of them are necessary within the system, theory, or context in which they are taken as primitive assumptions. In the case of geometry, however, the “truths” in question seem to be less controversial (i.e., less in need of independent justification). It seems to me that it is harder to imagine how th ...
... of them are necessary within the system, theory, or context in which they are taken as primitive assumptions. In the case of geometry, however, the “truths” in question seem to be less controversial (i.e., less in need of independent justification). It seems to me that it is harder to imagine how th ...
First Church Cambridge Lent 2015 The Great Conversation 8:27
... last Sunday, that would require Peter and his companions to continue on the way. So now the question comes to us. Not as an abstract, theoretical matter… not as an opportunity to opine on what others say: It comes as from one who wants to know what we have to say; indeed, from one who needs to know, ...
... last Sunday, that would require Peter and his companions to continue on the way. So now the question comes to us. Not as an abstract, theoretical matter… not as an opportunity to opine on what others say: It comes as from one who wants to know what we have to say; indeed, from one who needs to know, ...
Intro to Metaphysics
... (capable of feelings). The question for materialists is one of prediction: How would we know if/when they become sentient? ...
... (capable of feelings). The question for materialists is one of prediction: How would we know if/when they become sentient? ...
How to Write a Philosophical Essay?
... (b) To provide a clear, coherent, and well-argued answer to that question (OR to critically evaluate someone else’s answer to that question) 2. Philosophical essays do not merely “express opinions.” Rather, they attempt to explain why the author believes what s/he believes and to provide readers wit ...
... (b) To provide a clear, coherent, and well-argued answer to that question (OR to critically evaluate someone else’s answer to that question) 2. Philosophical essays do not merely “express opinions.” Rather, they attempt to explain why the author believes what s/he believes and to provide readers wit ...
Philosophy Years 5 - The da Vinci Decathlon
... Strawman – Misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack Middle ground - Claiming that a compromise or middle point between two arguments is the truth False Cause -Presuming that a real or perceived relationship between things means that one is the cause of the other. Appeal to natu ...
... Strawman – Misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack Middle ground - Claiming that a compromise or middle point between two arguments is the truth False Cause -Presuming that a real or perceived relationship between things means that one is the cause of the other. Appeal to natu ...
Bonus Extract
... abode, and get the habit of seeing in the dark. When you have acquired the habit, you will see ten thousand times better than the inhabitants of the den, and you will know what the several images are, and what they represent, because you have seen the beautiful and just and good in their truth. And ...
... abode, and get the habit of seeing in the dark. When you have acquired the habit, you will see ten thousand times better than the inhabitants of the den, and you will know what the several images are, and what they represent, because you have seen the beautiful and just and good in their truth. And ...
Why is there Philosophy of Mathematics at all?
... moons of Jupiter’. They seem to assert equivalent propositions but they mean different things to realists and nominalists. As far as mathematics is concerned, realism, which includes platonism and intuitionism, asserts that mathematical objects and structures exist and the mathematician’s job is to ...
... moons of Jupiter’. They seem to assert equivalent propositions but they mean different things to realists and nominalists. As far as mathematics is concerned, realism, which includes platonism and intuitionism, asserts that mathematical objects and structures exist and the mathematician’s job is to ...
continental rationalism and British empiricism
... such thing as (what philosophers call) material substance. ...
... such thing as (what philosophers call) material substance. ...
Universals - The Metaphysicist
... when compared to material objects which instantiate the property. The idea of an independent reality claims that the reality known exists independently of the knowledge of it. And we can say that the Sum of human knowledge, the world of ideas, is a miniscule amount of information compared to that in ...
... when compared to material objects which instantiate the property. The idea of an independent reality claims that the reality known exists independently of the knowledge of it. And we can say that the Sum of human knowledge, the world of ideas, is a miniscule amount of information compared to that in ...
Luc Bovens, `Interview.` In: Epistemology: 5 Questions. Edited by
... is an increasing function of the coherence of the information provided. (Mind, 2000) This same methodology also made it possible to take on the Klein and Warfield puzzle. If we receive a new item of information that makes previously disparate information look coherent, then it is quite plausible tha ...
... is an increasing function of the coherence of the information provided. (Mind, 2000) This same methodology also made it possible to take on the Klein and Warfield puzzle. If we receive a new item of information that makes previously disparate information look coherent, then it is quite plausible tha ...
Logic: the `Art of Thinking`
... (4) If we do not raise taxes, the money runs out. (5) We must raise taxes. (6) Therefore, the money does not run out. ...
... (4) If we do not raise taxes, the money runs out. (5) We must raise taxes. (6) Therefore, the money does not run out. ...
Chapter 17 The Baroque
... Thomas Hobbes presented the idea that only matter exists, thus supporting the philosophy of materialism. This view of the universe and mankind as machines spread in the scientific world. All that exists is predetermined, whether by the machine or by God. This is called determinism, in which there is ...
... Thomas Hobbes presented the idea that only matter exists, thus supporting the philosophy of materialism. This view of the universe and mankind as machines spread in the scientific world. All that exists is predetermined, whether by the machine or by God. This is called determinism, in which there is ...
Studying Latin American Philosophy
... Philosophy isn’t always or even necessarily produced by career, academically trained philosophers; we will also be reading essays by novelists, politicians, sociologists, anthropologists, revolutionaries, artists, and poets. There’s usually a heavier emphasis placed on the importance of historical c ...
... Philosophy isn’t always or even necessarily produced by career, academically trained philosophers; we will also be reading essays by novelists, politicians, sociologists, anthropologists, revolutionaries, artists, and poets. There’s usually a heavier emphasis placed on the importance of historical c ...