Ch. 6-Biomes
... Biomes and Vegetation • Biomes are described by their vegetation because plants that grow in an area determine the other organisms that can live there. • Plants have adaptations which include size, shape, and color that help them to survive. – For example, plants in the tundra tend to be short becau ...
... Biomes and Vegetation • Biomes are described by their vegetation because plants that grow in an area determine the other organisms that can live there. • Plants have adaptations which include size, shape, and color that help them to survive. – For example, plants in the tundra tend to be short becau ...
Illumination–size relationships of 109 coexisting
... high light levels, and this will reduce juvenile shadetolerance by comparison with small stature species. The argument begins by noting, first, that to best persist in low light, plants must maximize photon capture and minimize carbon expended. Low photosynthetic capacity is beneficial because it is ...
... high light levels, and this will reduce juvenile shadetolerance by comparison with small stature species. The argument begins by noting, first, that to best persist in low light, plants must maximize photon capture and minimize carbon expended. Low photosynthetic capacity is beneficial because it is ...
Operating in Limits: Defining an Australian
... between 4 billion tonnes to 15 billion tonnes from 2010 to 2050. This range represents the reality that while scientists can advise on appropriate global budgets, just how this pie should be shared is, ultimately, a question of equity. To assess the equity implications of the indicative Australian b ...
... between 4 billion tonnes to 15 billion tonnes from 2010 to 2050. This range represents the reality that while scientists can advise on appropriate global budgets, just how this pie should be shared is, ultimately, a question of equity. To assess the equity implications of the indicative Australian b ...
Criteria and Indicators for Assessing the Sustainability
... The need for new criteria and indicators for the assessment of biodiversity conservation as part of sustainable forest management of tropical forests has been identified as a priority by many international organisations. Those biodiversity criteria and indicators which formed part of a much broader ...
... The need for new criteria and indicators for the assessment of biodiversity conservation as part of sustainable forest management of tropical forests has been identified as a priority by many international organisations. Those biodiversity criteria and indicators which formed part of a much broader ...
Restoring native ecosystems in urban Auckland: urban soils
... planted across four sites increasingly isolated from native bush patches, using two site preparation methods. By year three, woody weeds >50 cm tall had established with an average density of 1.7 plant m–2 across all sites. This was more than 17 times denser than all established wild native woody se ...
... planted across four sites increasingly isolated from native bush patches, using two site preparation methods. By year three, woody weeds >50 cm tall had established with an average density of 1.7 plant m–2 across all sites. This was more than 17 times denser than all established wild native woody se ...
The assembly of forest communities according to maximum species
... Arisaema triphyllum, Polygonum pubescens and Maianthemum racemosum. In each forest plot, all vascular plant species within a 10 10 m square were identified; all forests were sampled between 1996 and 2003. This plot size was chosen to be large enough to represent the forest community, but small enou ...
... Arisaema triphyllum, Polygonum pubescens and Maianthemum racemosum. In each forest plot, all vascular plant species within a 10 10 m square were identified; all forests were sampled between 1996 and 2003. This plot size was chosen to be large enough to represent the forest community, but small enou ...
Non-Native Invasive Earthworms as Agents of Change in Northern
... total C storage, N transformationrates, and loss of nutrients via hydrologic and gaseous pathways, and how these change over time, is not well understood. A shift towards a faster cycling system implies that earthworm invasion could result in a net loss of C from the soil. Northern forests are impor ...
... total C storage, N transformationrates, and loss of nutrients via hydrologic and gaseous pathways, and how these change over time, is not well understood. A shift towards a faster cycling system implies that earthworm invasion could result in a net loss of C from the soil. Northern forests are impor ...
Species Dynamics During Early Secondary Forest Succession
... use, more specifically abandoned pastures versus abandoned cornfields, and with geomorphology. It was not our objective to study such relationships; therefore, we selected secondary growth plots with similar geomorphology and land-use history. Plots were selected on abandoned cornfields (“milpas”) i ...
... use, more specifically abandoned pastures versus abandoned cornfields, and with geomorphology. It was not our objective to study such relationships; therefore, we selected secondary growth plots with similar geomorphology and land-use history. Plots were selected on abandoned cornfields (“milpas”) i ...
Chapter 52- An Introduction to Ecology and the
... tough, our "Rambo:' But if there's too much salt in the soil or too much water, it's not present. We now have a model enabling us to predict where this species will be found around the valleys. In Antarctica, unlike elsewhere, I can look at individual nematode species and see that they have differen ...
... tough, our "Rambo:' But if there's too much salt in the soil or too much water, it's not present. We now have a model enabling us to predict where this species will be found around the valleys. In Antarctica, unlike elsewhere, I can look at individual nematode species and see that they have differen ...
SPATIAL VARIATION IN TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION ACROSS
... quantifying beta-diversity, in which they found no fewer than 24 different beta-diversity measures based on presence/absence data. While all of these measures are increasing functions of the number of shared species, as intuitively expected for a measure of species overlap, their mathematical behavi ...
... quantifying beta-diversity, in which they found no fewer than 24 different beta-diversity measures based on presence/absence data. While all of these measures are increasing functions of the number of shared species, as intuitively expected for a measure of species overlap, their mathematical behavi ...
Australian Climate Policy Survey
... Japan and parts of the USA. With carbon markets increasingly being utilised by our international partners, 85 per cent of respondents indicated Australia should be part of these developments under the Paris Agreement (Figure 14). Along this same line, the majority of participants (79 per cent) were ...
... Japan and parts of the USA. With carbon markets increasingly being utilised by our international partners, 85 per cent of respondents indicated Australia should be part of these developments under the Paris Agreement (Figure 14). Along this same line, the majority of participants (79 per cent) were ...
Local Extinctions of Terrestrial Insectivorous Birds in a Fragmented
... long 609W; Fig. 1). The area is a mosaic of terra firme forest, cattle ranches, secondary areas, and fragments of primary forest. Lovejoy and Bierregaard (1990) provide a detailed account of the study site. In continuous forest, canopy height averages 30–37 m, with occasional emergents up to 55 m. T ...
... long 609W; Fig. 1). The area is a mosaic of terra firme forest, cattle ranches, secondary areas, and fragments of primary forest. Lovejoy and Bierregaard (1990) provide a detailed account of the study site. In continuous forest, canopy height averages 30–37 m, with occasional emergents up to 55 m. T ...
Conservation Outside Protected Areas
... Government programs that subsidize traditional agriculture, and include the preservation of wildlife as a major goal, are being developed in countries throughout the world. In Japan, for example, the government provides financial incentives to farmers who maintain traditional (B) rice fields that ar ...
... Government programs that subsidize traditional agriculture, and include the preservation of wildlife as a major goal, are being developed in countries throughout the world. In Japan, for example, the government provides financial incentives to farmers who maintain traditional (B) rice fields that ar ...
Ecosystems: the flux of energy and matter
... Once solar energy is used to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide into plant material, there are differences among ecosystems in its availability to higher trophic levels. This is because primary producers can take many different forms, from algae to trees, and have differences in the allocation of carbon ...
... Once solar energy is used to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide into plant material, there are differences among ecosystems in its availability to higher trophic levels. This is because primary producers can take many different forms, from algae to trees, and have differences in the allocation of carbon ...
Accounting for tree line shift, glacier retreat and primary succession
... in the form of pastoral activities and mountain tourism since the late 19th century (Sauvy, 2001). Since the 1970s, many of the slopes surrounding the Chamonix Valley have also been developed for the ski industry by the Compagnie des Remontees Mecaniques de Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (Sauvy, 2001). Altho ...
... in the form of pastoral activities and mountain tourism since the late 19th century (Sauvy, 2001). Since the 1970s, many of the slopes surrounding the Chamonix Valley have also been developed for the ski industry by the Compagnie des Remontees Mecaniques de Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (Sauvy, 2001). Altho ...
Unit Two - Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness
... Biodiversity is understood as the sum of all the plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms in the world, or in a particular area. The basic units of biodiversity are the species. Biodiversity includes all of the species individual variation and genetic variation (just like humans are all of one spe ...
... Biodiversity is understood as the sum of all the plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms in the world, or in a particular area. The basic units of biodiversity are the species. Biodiversity includes all of the species individual variation and genetic variation (just like humans are all of one spe ...
Characteristic native biota Abiotic environment
... have shown a substantial deterioration in tree condition over the past 20 or more years. By the late 1980s, degradation of tree canopies had increased dramatically below the Wakool Junction in the Mallee (Margules et al. 1990). A survey between Wentworth and Renmark found 52% of trees to be stressed ...
... have shown a substantial deterioration in tree condition over the past 20 or more years. By the late 1980s, degradation of tree canopies had increased dramatically below the Wakool Junction in the Mallee (Margules et al. 1990). A survey between Wentworth and Renmark found 52% of trees to be stressed ...
Young Naturalist Award 2001 Introduction Ever since I was a toddler
... relationships. Through my observations and discoveries, I can conclude that in my wooded backyard, everything is connected! In addition, I have discovered that Barry Commoner's four laws are applicable to my wooded backyard's ecosystem. I would like to further my research to learn how my backyard is ...
... relationships. Through my observations and discoveries, I can conclude that in my wooded backyard, everything is connected! In addition, I have discovered that Barry Commoner's four laws are applicable to my wooded backyard's ecosystem. I would like to further my research to learn how my backyard is ...
Ecological Succession
... • It is a combination of plants and animals that use the available resources most efficiently. • Diversity and balance are maintained in a climax community because as trees die, they provide nutrients for new communities of organisms. ...
... • It is a combination of plants and animals that use the available resources most efficiently. • Diversity and balance are maintained in a climax community because as trees die, they provide nutrients for new communities of organisms. ...
Accounting for tree line shift, glacier retreat and primary succession
... in the form of pastoral activities and mountain tourism since the late 19th century (Sauvy, 2001). Since the 1970s, many of the slopes surrounding the Chamonix Valley have also been developed for the ski industry by the Compagnie des Remont"ees M"ecaniques de Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (Sauvy, 2001). Altho ...
... in the form of pastoral activities and mountain tourism since the late 19th century (Sauvy, 2001). Since the 1970s, many of the slopes surrounding the Chamonix Valley have also been developed for the ski industry by the Compagnie des Remont"ees M"ecaniques de Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (Sauvy, 2001). Altho ...
Carbon the Element
... Animals also produce (feces) which releases carbon (C) back into the ground. When animals breathe, they release carbon dioxide (CO2) back into the atmosphere. Livestock (and other animals) release methane gas (CH4) to the atmosphere. When animals die, solid carbon (C) is released into the ground thr ...
... Animals also produce (feces) which releases carbon (C) back into the ground. When animals breathe, they release carbon dioxide (CO2) back into the atmosphere. Livestock (and other animals) release methane gas (CH4) to the atmosphere. When animals die, solid carbon (C) is released into the ground thr ...
Carbon the Element
... Animals also produce (feces) which releases carbon (C) back into the ground. When animals breathe, they release carbon dioxide (CO2) back into the atmosphere. Livestock (and other animals) release methane gas (CH4) to the atmosphere. When animals die, solid carbon (C) is released into the ground thr ...
... Animals also produce (feces) which releases carbon (C) back into the ground. When animals breathe, they release carbon dioxide (CO2) back into the atmosphere. Livestock (and other animals) release methane gas (CH4) to the atmosphere. When animals die, solid carbon (C) is released into the ground thr ...
Gilbert N. Plass: Climate Science in Perspective
... system was reduced 7 per cent to 1.23 x 1014 and that it remained fixed at this new lower value throughout the ensuing glacial period. Let us further assume that if the average temperature should fall 3.8 degrees that great ice sheets would again form and cover sizable portions of the continents. Wi ...
... system was reduced 7 per cent to 1.23 x 1014 and that it remained fixed at this new lower value throughout the ensuing glacial period. Let us further assume that if the average temperature should fall 3.8 degrees that great ice sheets would again form and cover sizable portions of the continents. Wi ...
1 Alpine Treeline of Western North America - UNC
... landscape scale variation in geomorphology or geology. Studies of the relationship between disturbance and the treeline have emphasized the constraining character of geomorphic processes and structural and lithologic controls (e.g., Butler and Walsh 1994). The freeze-thaw cycle in the periglacial cl ...
... landscape scale variation in geomorphology or geology. Studies of the relationship between disturbance and the treeline have emphasized the constraining character of geomorphic processes and structural and lithologic controls (e.g., Butler and Walsh 1994). The freeze-thaw cycle in the periglacial cl ...
Land Resources - Northern Research Station
... In this chapter the focus is on the near-term future. In some cases, key results are reported out to 100 years to provide a larger context but the emphasis is on next 25-50 years. This nearer-term focus is chosen for two reasons. First, for many natural resources, planning and management activities ...
... In this chapter the focus is on the near-term future. In some cases, key results are reported out to 100 years to provide a larger context but the emphasis is on next 25-50 years. This nearer-term focus is chosen for two reasons. First, for many natural resources, planning and management activities ...
Reforestation
Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation.Reforestation can be used to improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and harvest for resources, particularly timber.The term reforestation is similar to afforestation, the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise removed at some point in the past. Sometimes the term re-afforestation is used to distinguish between the original forest cover and the later re-growth of forest to an area. Special tools, e.g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster.