Matrix and Edge Effects on the Maintenance of Ecological Function
... the west of the forest. Percent of trees within the strategy equals the percentage of trees in the regeneration strategy counted at each treatment. Percent within the treatment is the percentage of all trees counted by treatment in each strategy (includes small number of trees counted as shrubs, not ...
... the west of the forest. Percent of trees within the strategy equals the percentage of trees in the regeneration strategy counted at each treatment. Percent within the treatment is the percentage of all trees counted by treatment in each strategy (includes small number of trees counted as shrubs, not ...
Chemical fluxes in time through forest ecosystems in the UK
... Ion Chromatography (Dionex DX-500). Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is calculated from measured total and inorganic nitrogen forms. Aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn) in bulk precipitation and throughfall were not measured. Quality assurance and quality control on dissolved ion concentrations in bul ...
... Ion Chromatography (Dionex DX-500). Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is calculated from measured total and inorganic nitrogen forms. Aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn) in bulk precipitation and throughfall were not measured. Quality assurance and quality control on dissolved ion concentrations in bul ...
Interspecific and integroup interactions of mantled
... omnivorous of the species with up to 65% of their diet consisting of fruit and including more vertebrate and invertebrate prey than either of the other species [Freese & Oppenheimer, 1981]. Black-handed spider monkeys are the most frugivorous of the three sympatric species, with fruit composing 75-9 ...
... omnivorous of the species with up to 65% of their diet consisting of fruit and including more vertebrate and invertebrate prey than either of the other species [Freese & Oppenheimer, 1981]. Black-handed spider monkeys are the most frugivorous of the three sympatric species, with fruit composing 75-9 ...
Potential changes in forest composition could reduce impacts of
... Universite´ du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 Boulevard de l’Universite´, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4 Canada ...
... Universite´ du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 Boulevard de l’Universite´, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4 Canada ...
Slide 1
... relationship was found between soil nitrogen levels and buckthorn density, although it is unclear whether this relationship reflects a change effected by buckthorn or simply that buckthorn recruitment is higher in areas with higher soil-nitrogen levels. Finally, we found no evidence that buckthorn i ...
... relationship was found between soil nitrogen levels and buckthorn density, although it is unclear whether this relationship reflects a change effected by buckthorn or simply that buckthorn recruitment is higher in areas with higher soil-nitrogen levels. Finally, we found no evidence that buckthorn i ...
12 Wildlife Habitat Tips for Small Acreages - MP478
... species you want to encourage. It is useful to target your habitat management toward specific species or feature species. Those habitat manage ment practices which benefit a feature species will also likely benefit a host of other wildlife requiring similar habitat. Conversely, some habi tat pract ...
... species you want to encourage. It is useful to target your habitat management toward specific species or feature species. Those habitat manage ment practices which benefit a feature species will also likely benefit a host of other wildlife requiring similar habitat. Conversely, some habi tat pract ...
White-Tailed Deer Plan
... White-tailed deer may begin mating as early as September and continue into January. Breeding activity reaches its peak in November, and most adult females have been bred by the end of December. The age and health of a doe will influence her reproductive capacity. Does in farmland regions have a hig ...
... White-tailed deer may begin mating as early as September and continue into January. Breeding activity reaches its peak in November, and most adult females have been bred by the end of December. The age and health of a doe will influence her reproductive capacity. Does in farmland regions have a hig ...
third national communication of the russian federation
... Russian Federation, which belongs to the of developed countries and countries with economies in transition, are as follows: • Implementation of national policies and appropriate measures to mitigate anthropogenic climate changes by limiting anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing their ...
... Russian Federation, which belongs to the of developed countries and countries with economies in transition, are as follows: • Implementation of national policies and appropriate measures to mitigate anthropogenic climate changes by limiting anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing their ...
Introduction - Beck-Shop
... growth will generally be positive for large herbivores as both plant biomass and nutritional quality will increase. The decrease in snow cover (in some areas) will also be positive for large herbivores as they will have a longer period for body growth and an increased survival during the shorter win ...
... growth will generally be positive for large herbivores as both plant biomass and nutritional quality will increase. The decrease in snow cover (in some areas) will also be positive for large herbivores as they will have a longer period for body growth and an increased survival during the shorter win ...
Evaluating effects of large-scale salvage logging for
... events at this scale, and because it is too early to know the pattern of harvesting, our predictive efforts can be no more than reasoned estimates based on the natural history of vertebrates in the area. Consequences likely will be quite different if riparian areas are harvested along with upland ar ...
... events at this scale, and because it is too early to know the pattern of harvesting, our predictive efforts can be no more than reasoned estimates based on the natural history of vertebrates in the area. Consequences likely will be quite different if riparian areas are harvested along with upland ar ...
Competition and Facilitation: a Synthetic Approach to Interactions in
... overstory tree on its herbaceous understory was determined by the balance of both facilitation and competition. In a similar experiment, Aguiar et al. (1992) found that reduction of root competition under shrubs in the Patagonian steppe revealed the otherwise undetectable positive effects of the shr ...
... overstory tree on its herbaceous understory was determined by the balance of both facilitation and competition. In a similar experiment, Aguiar et al. (1992) found that reduction of root competition under shrubs in the Patagonian steppe revealed the otherwise undetectable positive effects of the shr ...
EVOLUTION OF DIVARICATING PLANTS IN NEW ZEALAND IN
... It was however a reading of Went's (1971) statement: "One might e.g. have assumed that the extreme degree of branching, combined with microphylly, would be an adaptation against browsing animals, but New Zealand is the only extensive geographical area without larger native herbivores. ." that lead o ...
... It was however a reading of Went's (1971) statement: "One might e.g. have assumed that the extreme degree of branching, combined with microphylly, would be an adaptation against browsing animals, but New Zealand is the only extensive geographical area without larger native herbivores. ." that lead o ...
Consequences of Considering Carbon–Nitrogen
... carbon–nitrogen interactions may also be misrepresenting the nature of the feedback between the land carbon cycle and the climate. In simulations with these models, warming reduces terrestrial carbon uptake resulting in a positive feedback to the climate system. In some cases, terrestrial ecosystems ...
... carbon–nitrogen interactions may also be misrepresenting the nature of the feedback between the land carbon cycle and the climate. In simulations with these models, warming reduces terrestrial carbon uptake resulting in a positive feedback to the climate system. In some cases, terrestrial ecosystems ...
A Century of Melaleuca Invasion in South Florida
... when species are introduced beyond their natural range without the associated enemies (e.g. insects, viruses) that control their population, the plant soon became a nuisance. It faced little opposition and quickly spread beyond the areas where it was intentionally planted. Melaleuca was first report ...
... when species are introduced beyond their natural range without the associated enemies (e.g. insects, viruses) that control their population, the plant soon became a nuisance. It faced little opposition and quickly spread beyond the areas where it was intentionally planted. Melaleuca was first report ...
Wildlife in Managed Forests: Spotted Owl
... Owl’s best habitats. They often contain several canopy layers, a variety of tree sizes and species, and large snags. The older trees in such stands are commonly 180 years old and older. While spotted owls use a wide variety of forest types, studies previous to 1990 showed that the owls consistently ...
... Owl’s best habitats. They often contain several canopy layers, a variety of tree sizes and species, and large snags. The older trees in such stands are commonly 180 years old and older. While spotted owls use a wide variety of forest types, studies previous to 1990 showed that the owls consistently ...
fires, ecological effects of
... burning more rapidly than woody plants and can carry very frequent fires (1–3 years) in productive sites. Although many grasslands burn readily, few species have an obligate dependence on burning. Fire-stimulated flowering is rare but has been reported in many mostly temperate tussock grass species, i ...
... burning more rapidly than woody plants and can carry very frequent fires (1–3 years) in productive sites. Although many grasslands burn readily, few species have an obligate dependence on burning. Fire-stimulated flowering is rare but has been reported in many mostly temperate tussock grass species, i ...
Biotic and abiotic factors constraining the distribution and
... Deborah Rabinowitz (1981) defined seven forms of rarity according to three axes: geographic range (large vs. small), habitat specificity (generalist or specialist), and local abundance (abundant or sparse). This dissertation explores abiotic and biotic factors contributing to the abundance and distr ...
... Deborah Rabinowitz (1981) defined seven forms of rarity according to three axes: geographic range (large vs. small), habitat specificity (generalist or specialist), and local abundance (abundant or sparse). This dissertation explores abiotic and biotic factors contributing to the abundance and distr ...
Full Report - Focus on Energy
... highest for the climate simulations that predict the most warming and drying in Wisconsin. For the high-end A2fixCO2 scenario, Wisconsin natural vegetation is projected to lose 18.9 Tg CO2 per year. By 2100AD, this amount increases to 29.7 TgCO2 per year. The amount of carbon lost in the B1 scenario ...
... highest for the climate simulations that predict the most warming and drying in Wisconsin. For the high-end A2fixCO2 scenario, Wisconsin natural vegetation is projected to lose 18.9 Tg CO2 per year. By 2100AD, this amount increases to 29.7 TgCO2 per year. The amount of carbon lost in the B1 scenario ...
Palaeoenvironment at Gravettian Sites in Central Europe with
... for such an analysis. In theory these can include the temporal evolution of sites, analysis of lacustrine and fluvial sediments or fossil soils, processes of erosion and denudation, periglacial phenomena, the amount of precipitation, thickness of snow cover, the number of days with snow during the y ...
... for such an analysis. In theory these can include the temporal evolution of sites, analysis of lacustrine and fluvial sediments or fossil soils, processes of erosion and denudation, periglacial phenomena, the amount of precipitation, thickness of snow cover, the number of days with snow during the y ...
Common Name (Scientific name)
... densities in shrublands which are only found in areas surrounding the Preserve. These sites could serve as source populations for forest and woodlands in the Preserve, but the lack of integrade areas between these habitat types suggests that Woodrat populations may not be high. Narrow north-facing c ...
... densities in shrublands which are only found in areas surrounding the Preserve. These sites could serve as source populations for forest and woodlands in the Preserve, but the lack of integrade areas between these habitat types suggests that Woodrat populations may not be high. Narrow north-facing c ...
Distribution and effects of tree leaf litter on
... litter fall as a consequence of elevated CO2 levels (DeLucia et al. 1999; Finzi et al. 2001; Zak et al. 2003) may accelerate this process. The ecotones between forest and grasslands are more vulnerable to change by colonization of forest species (Didier 2001; Myster 2012) with subsequent loss of spe ...
... litter fall as a consequence of elevated CO2 levels (DeLucia et al. 1999; Finzi et al. 2001; Zak et al. 2003) may accelerate this process. The ecotones between forest and grasslands are more vulnerable to change by colonization of forest species (Didier 2001; Myster 2012) with subsequent loss of spe ...
Climate of the Past Strength of forest
... spring and autumn temperatures may have been considerably higher than in the reconstructed winter and summer temperatures. Higher temperatures during autumn were likely caused by the stronger mid-Holocene insolation at early autumn (Berger, 1978). Higher temperatures during spring, however, cannot b ...
... spring and autumn temperatures may have been considerably higher than in the reconstructed winter and summer temperatures. Higher temperatures during autumn were likely caused by the stronger mid-Holocene insolation at early autumn (Berger, 1978). Higher temperatures during spring, however, cannot b ...
2007-02 Marine Riparian Vegetation Communities of Puget Sound
... red cedar and a variety of associated understory species. In areas of frequent disturbance, early successional trees, such as red alder and maple, dominated coastal forests. Douglas fir is currently the most common conifer in relatively undisturbed sites. Today’s shorelines are often dominated by ma ...
... red cedar and a variety of associated understory species. In areas of frequent disturbance, early successional trees, such as red alder and maple, dominated coastal forests. Douglas fir is currently the most common conifer in relatively undisturbed sites. Today’s shorelines are often dominated by ma ...
Reforestation
Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation.Reforestation can be used to improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and harvest for resources, particularly timber.The term reforestation is similar to afforestation, the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise removed at some point in the past. Sometimes the term re-afforestation is used to distinguish between the original forest cover and the later re-growth of forest to an area. Special tools, e.g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster.