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Assimilating urban heat island effects into climate projections
... physics feedbacks but is more computationally intensive and susceptible to inheritance of GCM biases (Wood et al., 2004). Another limiting factor of the present study is the simplifying assumption of a stationary UHI effect over the historical period that is transferred to the future period through ...
... physics feedbacks but is more computationally intensive and susceptible to inheritance of GCM biases (Wood et al., 2004). Another limiting factor of the present study is the simplifying assumption of a stationary UHI effect over the historical period that is transferred to the future period through ...
the calm before the storm
... climate change and will suffer increased crop losses due to weather extremes. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest emitters of greenhouse gases, with most of the country’s CO2e emissions being caused by changes in land use, agriculture and forestry12. Coffee growing itself, involving forest clearanc ...
... climate change and will suffer increased crop losses due to weather extremes. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest emitters of greenhouse gases, with most of the country’s CO2e emissions being caused by changes in land use, agriculture and forestry12. Coffee growing itself, involving forest clearanc ...
from the editor
... carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases are increasing. The well-known greenhouse effect caused by these gases traps solar energy, warming Earth’s atmosphere, land, and oceans and melting its ice. Thermal expansion of ocean water and liquid from melting land ice are raising sea levels, a ...
... carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases are increasing. The well-known greenhouse effect caused by these gases traps solar energy, warming Earth’s atmosphere, land, and oceans and melting its ice. Thermal expansion of ocean water and liquid from melting land ice are raising sea levels, a ...
How to communicate the scientific consensus on climate change
... We also administered a manipulation check to assess to what extent the participants correctly remembered the information that was presented to them. Results indicated a significant difference between the conditions, F(1, 974)=7,54, p<0.01. On average, the recall of subjects who were in the descripti ...
... We also administered a manipulation check to assess to what extent the participants correctly remembered the information that was presented to them. Results indicated a significant difference between the conditions, F(1, 974)=7,54, p<0.01. On average, the recall of subjects who were in the descripti ...
What can cities do to increase resilience?
... UK, plus the Republic of Ireland, and the UK Crown Dependencies of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. 2. Introduction An international report (The International Climate Change Taskforce 2005) published in January 2005 warned that the then level of 379 ppm of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosph ...
... UK, plus the Republic of Ireland, and the UK Crown Dependencies of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. 2. Introduction An international report (The International Climate Change Taskforce 2005) published in January 2005 warned that the then level of 379 ppm of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosph ...
Using Model Hierarchies to Better Understand Past Climate Change* Masa K
... represented a good test of the models’ ability to represent such an extreme climate, under these assumptions. In the tropics Palaeoclimate reconstructions of the LGM temperatures show that in the tropics, the cooling was slightly larger over land than over the ocean: data point towards anomalies in ...
... represented a good test of the models’ ability to represent such an extreme climate, under these assumptions. In the tropics Palaeoclimate reconstructions of the LGM temperatures show that in the tropics, the cooling was slightly larger over land than over the ocean: data point towards anomalies in ...
Adaptation of Vermont State Park Visitors to Climate Change
... • State park managers wish to continue to provide high quality opportunities • Changes in recreation behavior may require changes to state park facilities and programs • Since the Vermont State Park budget is highly dependent on entrance and camping fees, changes in visitation may impact the budget ...
... • State park managers wish to continue to provide high quality opportunities • Changes in recreation behavior may require changes to state park facilities and programs • Since the Vermont State Park budget is highly dependent on entrance and camping fees, changes in visitation may impact the budget ...
Annual Report
... aforementioned management approaches are problematic because (1) privatisation increases coordination problems with respect to extant social institutions that already have the potential to increase production efficiency and (2) reducing livestock numbers by stimulating individual herders to slaughte ...
... aforementioned management approaches are problematic because (1) privatisation increases coordination problems with respect to extant social institutions that already have the potential to increase production efficiency and (2) reducing livestock numbers by stimulating individual herders to slaughte ...
Are Carbon Dioxide Emissions Rising More Rapidly Than Expected?
... the SRES report states, “[t]he modeling tools that have been used to develop these scenarios that focus on the century time scale are less suitable for analysis of near term (a decade or less) developments.”9 In addition, the assumptions and parameters used in modeling will change over time, creatin ...
... the SRES report states, “[t]he modeling tools that have been used to develop these scenarios that focus on the century time scale are less suitable for analysis of near term (a decade or less) developments.”9 In addition, the assumptions and parameters used in modeling will change over time, creatin ...
Time for action? Options to address climate change Bert Metz
... • Energy infrastructure investment decisions, (20 trillion US$ till 2030; 50% in developing countries) will have long term impacts on GHG emissions. • The widespread diffusion of low-carbon technologies may take many decades, even if early investments in these technologies are made attractive. • Ret ...
... • Energy infrastructure investment decisions, (20 trillion US$ till 2030; 50% in developing countries) will have long term impacts on GHG emissions. • The widespread diffusion of low-carbon technologies may take many decades, even if early investments in these technologies are made attractive. • Ret ...
unlocking the climate puzzle
... Leaders from 171 nations signed this agreement in April 2016, based on individualized country plans to reduce emissions. Yet the best estimates suggest that even if all countries honor their Paris commitments—a doubtful proposition, as these are non-binding—global temperatures are still projected to ...
... Leaders from 171 nations signed this agreement in April 2016, based on individualized country plans to reduce emissions. Yet the best estimates suggest that even if all countries honor their Paris commitments—a doubtful proposition, as these are non-binding—global temperatures are still projected to ...
PDF
... Agriculturally oriented studies focus on the explicit productivity impacts of changing climatic conditions on crops and their growing conditions, while economically oriented studies instead analyze agricultural market reactions to climate change based on simple crop response ...
... Agriculturally oriented studies focus on the explicit productivity impacts of changing climatic conditions on crops and their growing conditions, while economically oriented studies instead analyze agricultural market reactions to climate change based on simple crop response ...
RELEVANT, IMMEDIATE, LOCAL: GUIDE TO
... For decades there has been a concerted campaign of misinformation that has confused the public. Many of the myths remain potent and must be combatted. Additionally, climate change has predominantly been a highly complex and abstract discussion of science, policy and the economy. Making climate chang ...
... For decades there has been a concerted campaign of misinformation that has confused the public. Many of the myths remain potent and must be combatted. Additionally, climate change has predominantly been a highly complex and abstract discussion of science, policy and the economy. Making climate chang ...
Lecture 1.1 - The Natural Edge Project
... naturally for at least the last 400,000 years. In fact, data based on isotope ratios in marine micro fossils suggests strongly that CO2 levels have not in fact been above, or much above, 400 parts per million for about 23 million years.2 Also, it is important to note that humanity, through the use o ...
... naturally for at least the last 400,000 years. In fact, data based on isotope ratios in marine micro fossils suggests strongly that CO2 levels have not in fact been above, or much above, 400 parts per million for about 23 million years.2 Also, it is important to note that humanity, through the use o ...
Projected Climate Change Impacts in Asia and Japan
... Top: Ratio of near future simulations (2015-2039) to present-day simulations (1979-2004). Bottom: Ration of the end of 21st century simulations (2075-2099) to the present-day simulations (1979-2004). (cited from a brochure of the program) ...
... Top: Ratio of near future simulations (2015-2039) to present-day simulations (1979-2004). Bottom: Ration of the end of 21st century simulations (2075-2099) to the present-day simulations (1979-2004). (cited from a brochure of the program) ...
Terrestrial Ecosystem Adaptation
... The most direct and observable connection between climate and terrestrial ecosystems is in certain life‐cycle timing of seasonal phenology and in plant growth responses—annually in primary productivity and decadal over changes in the biogeographical range. These impacts on seasonality and primary ...
... The most direct and observable connection between climate and terrestrial ecosystems is in certain life‐cycle timing of seasonal phenology and in plant growth responses—annually in primary productivity and decadal over changes in the biogeographical range. These impacts on seasonality and primary ...
Culture and climate change: Japanese cherry blossom festivals and
... traditionally appreciated the flower; the oldest song book in the world, Manyoshu, edited around 600AD, has songs about the beauty of cherry blossoms (Ando, 2004). Millions of Japanese enjoy picnics and parties under the cherry trees during peak cherry blossom flowering (ABC News, 2009). Hundreds of f ...
... traditionally appreciated the flower; the oldest song book in the world, Manyoshu, edited around 600AD, has songs about the beauty of cherry blossoms (Ando, 2004). Millions of Japanese enjoy picnics and parties under the cherry trees during peak cherry blossom flowering (ABC News, 2009). Hundreds of f ...
Abrupt Climate Change - University of California San Diego
... Attention has recently focused on the Ecological and Economic Systems possibility of solar forcing contributing to Although there is a substantial body of reabrupt climate change. Moderate climate search on the ecological and societal impacts oscillations during the Holocene, such as of climate chan ...
... Attention has recently focused on the Ecological and Economic Systems possibility of solar forcing contributing to Although there is a substantial body of reabrupt climate change. Moderate climate search on the ecological and societal impacts oscillations during the Holocene, such as of climate chan ...
Dr. John T. Everett - Ocean Associates, Inc.
... Program, (2) creation of domestic and foreign markets, (3) improving vessel safety and insurance, (4) recommending US tariff and trade policy, and (5) providing status and forecasts of market conditions. Managed two Department-wide Task Forces on the formulation of Administration policy for industry ...
... Program, (2) creation of domestic and foreign markets, (3) improving vessel safety and insurance, (4) recommending US tariff and trade policy, and (5) providing status and forecasts of market conditions. Managed two Department-wide Task Forces on the formulation of Administration policy for industry ...
Hope Below Our Feet: Soil as a Climate Solution
... paleoclimate evidence and ongoing climate change suggest that CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm to at most 350 ppm, but likely less than that.7 But today atmospheric CO2 levels exceed 400 ppm and still rising. This level of CO2 has not occurred since the Pliocene epoch, approximat ...
... paleoclimate evidence and ongoing climate change suggest that CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm to at most 350 ppm, but likely less than that.7 But today atmospheric CO2 levels exceed 400 ppm and still rising. This level of CO2 has not occurred since the Pliocene epoch, approximat ...
A large ozone-circulation feedback and its implications for global
... Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 3 (HadGEM3-AO) from the United ...
... Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 3 (HadGEM3-AO) from the United ...
Internalizing Climate Change—Scientific Resource Management and the Climate Change Challenges
... many western mountain ranges (Mote 2003), earlier snow-fed stream-flows (Stewart et al. 2005), and earlier green-up (Cayan et al. 2001)—in large part due to emissions of greenhouse gases during the last half of the twentieth century (Cayan et al. 2001; National Research Council 2001; Intergovernment ...
... many western mountain ranges (Mote 2003), earlier snow-fed stream-flows (Stewart et al. 2005), and earlier green-up (Cayan et al. 2001)—in large part due to emissions of greenhouse gases during the last half of the twentieth century (Cayan et al. 2001; National Research Council 2001; Intergovernment ...
Protecting forests to mitigate global climate change
... controlling our climate. Yet, in many parts of the world forests are degraded and destroyed to expand agricultural lands, gain timber or clear space for infrastructure or mining activities. Tropical deforestation has severe consequences for loss of biodiversity, flooding, soil degradation and threat ...
... controlling our climate. Yet, in many parts of the world forests are degraded and destroyed to expand agricultural lands, gain timber or clear space for infrastructure or mining activities. Tropical deforestation has severe consequences for loss of biodiversity, flooding, soil degradation and threat ...
PDF
... perturbed by the impact of climatic change. Population decreases with increasing climate change related deaths that result from changes in heat stress, cold stress, malaria, and tropical cyclones. Heat and cold stress are assumed to have an effect only on the elderly, nonreproductive population. In ...
... perturbed by the impact of climatic change. Population decreases with increasing climate change related deaths that result from changes in heat stress, cold stress, malaria, and tropical cyclones. Heat and cold stress are assumed to have an effect only on the elderly, nonreproductive population. In ...
Climate change in the United States
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/U.S._Temperature_Record_(1950_to_2009)_(PNG).png?width=300)
Because of global warming, there has been concern in the United States and internationally, that the country should reduce total greenhouse gas which is relatively high per capita.In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record. As of 2012, the thirteen warmest years for the entire planet have all occurred since 1998, transcending those from 1880.From 1950 to 2009, the American government's surface temperature record shows an increase by 1 °F (0.56 °C), approximately. Global warming has caused many changes in the U.S. According to a 2009 statement by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), trends include lake and river ice melting earlier in the spring, plants blooming earlier, multiple animal species shifting their habitat ranges northward, and reductions in the size of glaciers.Predicting future climate changes are fraught with difficultly. Some research has warned against possible problems due to American climate changes such as the spread of invasive species and possibilities of floods as well as droughts. Changes in climate in the regions of the United States appear significant. Drought conditions appear to be worsening in the southwest while improving in the northeast for example.President Barack Obama committed in the December 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Summit to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the range of 17% below 2005 levels by 2020, 42% below 2005 levels by 2030, and 83% below 2005 levels by 2050. In an address towards the U.S. Congress in June 2013, Obama detailed a specific action plan to achieve the 17% carbon emissions cut from 2005 by 2020. He included such measures as shifting from coal-based power generation to solar and natural gas production.