Climate change in size-structured ecosystems
... nonlinear deviations from simple exponential Arrhenius relationships indicate that warming effects go beyond simple accelerations of physiological processes [10,33]. In particular, behavioural responses cause nonlinear deviations that need to be taken into account for understanding how warming effec ...
... nonlinear deviations from simple exponential Arrhenius relationships indicate that warming effects go beyond simple accelerations of physiological processes [10,33]. In particular, behavioural responses cause nonlinear deviations that need to be taken into account for understanding how warming effec ...
The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems
... wind field. In the Southern Hemisphere in particular, these wind changes have been tied to stratospheric ozone depletion and increased greenhouse gas concentrations [15]. Most stateof-the-art climate models incorporating these drivers (which form the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project v. 5, CMIP5 ...
... wind field. In the Southern Hemisphere in particular, these wind changes have been tied to stratospheric ozone depletion and increased greenhouse gas concentrations [15]. Most stateof-the-art climate models incorporating these drivers (which form the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project v. 5, CMIP5 ...
Interpretation of tropical thermocline cooling
... for the Indian Ocean, this upward shift of thermocline resembles the observed thermocline shoaling (compare Figures 3d and 3b), demonstrating the important role played by the tropical winds in causing the thermocline cooling. Similar model solutions are found for the north Pacific. We obtain an upwa ...
... for the Indian Ocean, this upward shift of thermocline resembles the observed thermocline shoaling (compare Figures 3d and 3b), demonstrating the important role played by the tropical winds in causing the thermocline cooling. Similar model solutions are found for the north Pacific. We obtain an upwa ...
The Climate of the Last Millennium
... amplitude of inter-annual variability, a simpler model suggests that precessional forcing should result in weakened interannual ENSO strength. When radiation anomalies are strongly positive in boreal summer, as in the early to mid-Holocene, they result in stronger trade winds that cool the eastern P ...
... amplitude of inter-annual variability, a simpler model suggests that precessional forcing should result in weakened interannual ENSO strength. When radiation anomalies are strongly positive in boreal summer, as in the early to mid-Holocene, they result in stronger trade winds that cool the eastern P ...
Full-Text PDF
... the Himalayan region, which is more sensitive than other land surfaces of the same latitude [1,3], is experiencing warming [4] with greater magnitude than the global average [5,6]. The Himalayan region, also known as the water tower of Asia, plays an important role in regional climate, most particul ...
... the Himalayan region, which is more sensitive than other land surfaces of the same latitude [1,3], is experiencing warming [4] with greater magnitude than the global average [5,6]. The Himalayan region, also known as the water tower of Asia, plays an important role in regional climate, most particul ...
Variability properties of daily and monthly observed near-surface
... example more erratic rainfall in the March to June rainy season which coincides with drought and a subsequent reduction in crop yield. It is also found that rains towards the end of the year are becoming more intense and destructive, bringing floods, landslide and soil erosion (Oxfam, 2008). These r ...
... example more erratic rainfall in the March to June rainy season which coincides with drought and a subsequent reduction in crop yield. It is also found that rains towards the end of the year are becoming more intense and destructive, bringing floods, landslide and soil erosion (Oxfam, 2008). These r ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... with sufficient stratospheric sulfate aerosol loading, backscattered insolation will cool Earth. The amount of cooling depends on the amount of aerosols and how long the aerosol cloud is maintained in the stratosphere. Many negative impacts of global warming are strongly correlated with global avera ...
... with sufficient stratospheric sulfate aerosol loading, backscattered insolation will cool Earth. The amount of cooling depends on the amount of aerosols and how long the aerosol cloud is maintained in the stratosphere. Many negative impacts of global warming are strongly correlated with global avera ...
Detecting an external influence on recent changes
... Models (EMICs) produce a tripling in the volume of suboxic ([O2 ] < 5 µmol kg−1 ) waters by 2500 (Schmittner et al., 2008). Ocean deoxygenation and expansion of the OMZs has also been projected to persist on millennial timescales for EMIC simulations with high greenhouse gas emissions or high climat ...
... Models (EMICs) produce a tripling in the volume of suboxic ([O2 ] < 5 µmol kg−1 ) waters by 2500 (Schmittner et al., 2008). Ocean deoxygenation and expansion of the OMZs has also been projected to persist on millennial timescales for EMIC simulations with high greenhouse gas emissions or high climat ...
Temporal trends and variability of daily maximum and
... when compared with other regions. We also confirmed the asymmetric pattern of greater warming trends in minimum or nighttime temperatures as compared to the daytime temperatures. The warming in regional climate caused the number of frost days to decrease significantly and the number of warm days to ...
... when compared with other regions. We also confirmed the asymmetric pattern of greater warming trends in minimum or nighttime temperatures as compared to the daytime temperatures. The warming in regional climate caused the number of frost days to decrease significantly and the number of warm days to ...
Similar estimates of temperature impacts on global wheat
... Method results were compared in more detail for the top five wheatproducing countries (Fig. 2b and Fig. 3). For China, India, USA and France, the different assessment methods resulted in similar values for temperature impacts on country wheat yields. Additional country-level studies relying on other ...
... Method results were compared in more detail for the top five wheatproducing countries (Fig. 2b and Fig. 3). For China, India, USA and France, the different assessment methods resulted in similar values for temperature impacts on country wheat yields. Additional country-level studies relying on other ...
Antarctic nematode communities: observed and predicted
... respond will depend on current conditions, i.e., average temperatures, soil moisture availability, vegetation or more importantly the lack thereof, and the local species pool in combination with the potential for new species to colonize. Keywords Antarctica Climate change Community composition ...
... respond will depend on current conditions, i.e., average temperatures, soil moisture availability, vegetation or more importantly the lack thereof, and the local species pool in combination with the potential for new species to colonize. Keywords Antarctica Climate change Community composition ...
Climate Change: Addressing the Major Skeptic Arguments
... entities have concluded that the increasing body of observations is consistent with the physical principles by which greenhouse gases (GHGs) affect climate: the planet is warming and it will likely continue to warm due to GHG emissions. Although continued research is needed to quantify the timing, l ...
... entities have concluded that the increasing body of observations is consistent with the physical principles by which greenhouse gases (GHGs) affect climate: the planet is warming and it will likely continue to warm due to GHG emissions. Although continued research is needed to quantify the timing, l ...
Impacts of future climate change on soil frost in the midwestern
... [2] At global and regional scales, long‐term changes in climate have been observed. In 2005, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reported a sharp increase in global average air temperatures, at a rate of 0.18°C per decade since 1976, with most of the warming attributed to the anthropogenic g ...
... [2] At global and regional scales, long‐term changes in climate have been observed. In 2005, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reported a sharp increase in global average air temperatures, at a rate of 0.18°C per decade since 1976, with most of the warming attributed to the anthropogenic g ...
Precipitation (Word) - Narragansett Bay Estuary Program
... average volume of precipitation (IPCC 2000). The geographical distribution of these weather events is also projected to deviate from current patterns. In addition, it is projected that extratropical storms will be more likely to move toward the poles (IPCC 2000). On a more local scale, the Universit ...
... average volume of precipitation (IPCC 2000). The geographical distribution of these weather events is also projected to deviate from current patterns. In addition, it is projected that extratropical storms will be more likely to move toward the poles (IPCC 2000). On a more local scale, the Universit ...
PDF - AMS Journals - American Meteorological Society
... Updated and improved satellite retrievals of the temperature of the mid-to-upper troposphere (TMT) are used to address key questions about the size and significance of TMT trends, agreement with model-derived TMT values, and whether models and satellite data show similar vertical profiles of warming ...
... Updated and improved satellite retrievals of the temperature of the mid-to-upper troposphere (TMT) are used to address key questions about the size and significance of TMT trends, agreement with model-derived TMT values, and whether models and satellite data show similar vertical profiles of warming ...
A Realty Check on Global Warming
... together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the component terms, and cannot be ...
... together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the component terms, and cannot be ...
Aridification determines changes of leaf activity in Pinus halepensis
... modeled changes in the NDVI and the LAI. In agreement with other studies, we showed that the general response of the forests to more favorable conditions (in terms of temperature increment and CO2 fertilization) is increased leaf activity and biomass. Nevertheless, in forests located in the most ari ...
... modeled changes in the NDVI and the LAI. In agreement with other studies, we showed that the general response of the forests to more favorable conditions (in terms of temperature increment and CO2 fertilization) is increased leaf activity and biomass. Nevertheless, in forests located in the most ari ...
The Challenge of Adapting to Climate in a Changing World
... and climate impacts and adaptation is that socio-economic developments can make the world more or less vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. ...
... and climate impacts and adaptation is that socio-economic developments can make the world more or less vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. ...
- Global Land Ice Measurements from Space
... glacier immediately as river discharge. The contribution of glacier discharge to total river discharge was then calculated as SGu /ST . From these estimates, we identified the maximum monthly contribution, which generally occurs in summer when seasonal snowmelt from the non-glacierized part of a riv ...
... glacier immediately as river discharge. The contribution of glacier discharge to total river discharge was then calculated as SGu /ST . From these estimates, we identified the maximum monthly contribution, which generally occurs in summer when seasonal snowmelt from the non-glacierized part of a riv ...
Predicting survival, reproduction and abundance of polar bears
... growth and cub survival (Derocher et al., 1993; Arnould and Ramsay, 1994). Adult survival rates, in contrast, are probably only affected under more severe conditions because polar bears can survive extended periods without feeding (Atkinson and Ramsay, 1995). Subadult mortality, however, may increas ...
... growth and cub survival (Derocher et al., 1993; Arnould and Ramsay, 1994). Adult survival rates, in contrast, are probably only affected under more severe conditions because polar bears can survive extended periods without feeding (Atkinson and Ramsay, 1995). Subadult mortality, however, may increas ...
Stabilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide via zero emissions—An
... a new CO2 mitigation strategy based on the Zstabilization pathway, we calculated climate projections for test case scenarios using a simplified climate system model.18) A brief description of the model and the values of parameters adopted in the present study are given in the Appendix. It should be n ...
... a new CO2 mitigation strategy based on the Zstabilization pathway, we calculated climate projections for test case scenarios using a simplified climate system model.18) A brief description of the model and the values of parameters adopted in the present study are given in the Appendix. It should be n ...
Characterizing postindustrial changes in the ocean carbon cycle in
... The global climate-carbon model that we use in this study is MESMO (Matsumoto et al., 2008). The physical model of MESMO is derived from the computationally efficient CGOLDSTEIN climate model (Edwards and Marsh, 2005) and consists of a three-dimensional dynamical model of the ocean, a two-dimensiona ...
... The global climate-carbon model that we use in this study is MESMO (Matsumoto et al., 2008). The physical model of MESMO is derived from the computationally efficient CGOLDSTEIN climate model (Edwards and Marsh, 2005) and consists of a three-dimensional dynamical model of the ocean, a two-dimensiona ...
Impact of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on Ocean
... find a small negative correlation between H and q. We suggest that this is due to methodological differences. In particular, Geoffroy et al. [2013b] include the ocean mixed layer, the atmosphere, and the land domain in the upper layer of the EBM, while here we have focused on the ocean domain. We al ...
... find a small negative correlation between H and q. We suggest that this is due to methodological differences. In particular, Geoffroy et al. [2013b] include the ocean mixed layer, the atmosphere, and the land domain in the upper layer of the EBM, while here we have focused on the ocean domain. We al ...
The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: climate
... wind field. In the Southern Hemisphere in particular, these wind changes have been tied to stratospheric ozone depletion and increased greenhouse gas concentrations [15]. Most stateof-the-art climate models incorporating these drivers (which form the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project v. 5, CMIP5 ...
... wind field. In the Southern Hemisphere in particular, these wind changes have been tied to stratospheric ozone depletion and increased greenhouse gas concentrations [15]. Most stateof-the-art climate models incorporating these drivers (which form the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project v. 5, CMIP5 ...
Safeguarding the Arctic - Center for American Progress
... by National Security Advisor Susan Rice or their designees. The steering committee will improve coordination of federal Arctic policy across the government and, where applicable, with state, local, and Alaska Native tribal governments and organizations, the private sector, and other stakeholders. Th ...
... by National Security Advisor Susan Rice or their designees. The steering committee will improve coordination of federal Arctic policy across the government and, where applicable, with state, local, and Alaska Native tribal governments and organizations, the private sector, and other stakeholders. Th ...
Physical impacts of climate change
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This article is about the physical impacts of climate change. For some of these physical impacts, their effect on social and economic systems are also described.