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National Park Service - Montana State University
... Initially, deglaciated regions were colonized by tundra communities and the climate was colder and probably drier than at present. After 14,000 cal yr BP, warmer and wetter conditions allowed present-day conifer taxa to expand first in open parkland and later as closed forest communities. ...
... Initially, deglaciated regions were colonized by tundra communities and the climate was colder and probably drier than at present. After 14,000 cal yr BP, warmer and wetter conditions allowed present-day conifer taxa to expand first in open parkland and later as closed forest communities. ...
Regional temperature change over the HuangHuaiHai Plain of
... on regional climate, especially on temperature. The effect of irrigation and urbanization on temperature is separately documented in several studies. However, there are few studies analysing the combined effects of irrigation and urbanization on temperature. In this study, changes in surface tempera ...
... on regional climate, especially on temperature. The effect of irrigation and urbanization on temperature is separately documented in several studies. However, there are few studies analysing the combined effects of irrigation and urbanization on temperature. In this study, changes in surface tempera ...
Future change of the Indian Ocean basin
... leads to strengthening of IOD by enhancing thermocline feedback during recent few decades (Abram et al. 2008). Chowdary et al. (2012) argued that there is decadal variability of the relationship between ENSO and Indo-western Pacific climate and the range is not outside of natural variability based o ...
... leads to strengthening of IOD by enhancing thermocline feedback during recent few decades (Abram et al. 2008). Chowdary et al. (2012) argued that there is decadal variability of the relationship between ENSO and Indo-western Pacific climate and the range is not outside of natural variability based o ...
Ozone hole and Southern Hemisphere climate change
... been robustly documented in the last several years. It has altered the atmospheric circulation in a surprising number of ways: a rising global tropopause, a poleward intensification of the westerly jet, a poleward shift in storm tracks, a poleward expansion of the Hadley cell, and many others. While ...
... been robustly documented in the last several years. It has altered the atmospheric circulation in a surprising number of ways: a rising global tropopause, a poleward intensification of the westerly jet, a poleward shift in storm tracks, a poleward expansion of the Hadley cell, and many others. While ...
The effects of deforestation and climate variability on the
... values were created from the daily reported values. March, April and May of 1970 were missing therefore there are 117 months in the 1970s series and 120 months in the 1990s series. A classical z-test was used for comparison of the differences of the 237 months of discharge in the 1970s and 1990s tim ...
... values were created from the daily reported values. March, April and May of 1970 were missing therefore there are 117 months in the 1970s series and 120 months in the 1990s series. A classical z-test was used for comparison of the differences of the 237 months of discharge in the 1970s and 1990s tim ...
The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change
... The radiation absorbed by these gases is re-emitted in all directions, some back toward the surface leading to a net warming of the surface. Through what is widely, but inaccurately, referred to as the greenhouse effect, these so-called greenhouse gases trap heat in the near surface layers of the at ...
... The radiation absorbed by these gases is re-emitted in all directions, some back toward the surface leading to a net warming of the surface. Through what is widely, but inaccurately, referred to as the greenhouse effect, these so-called greenhouse gases trap heat in the near surface layers of the at ...
Hydrological cycle over South and Southeast Asian river
... well-defined probability distribution. Moreover, GCMs feature systematic spatio-temporal biases. Therefore, taking the ensemble mean as the representative output from the multimodel simulations does not really take care of removing the inconsistencies or inaccuracies present in various GCMs, as no ac ...
... well-defined probability distribution. Moreover, GCMs feature systematic spatio-temporal biases. Therefore, taking the ensemble mean as the representative output from the multimodel simulations does not really take care of removing the inconsistencies or inaccuracies present in various GCMs, as no ac ...
Hydrological cycle over South and Southeast Asian river basins as
... (Mirza et al., 1998; Immerzeel, 2008). The mean flow for the period 1950–2008 is estimated as about 11 000 m3 s−1 (345 mm yr−1 ) at the Hardinge Bridge, the last gauging site near the sea. These flows show large inter-annual and intraannual variability, featuring a decreasing trend which may further ...
... (Mirza et al., 1998; Immerzeel, 2008). The mean flow for the period 1950–2008 is estimated as about 11 000 m3 s−1 (345 mm yr−1 ) at the Hardinge Bridge, the last gauging site near the sea. These flows show large inter-annual and intraannual variability, featuring a decreasing trend which may further ...
North Pacific Climate Response to Freshwater Forcing in the
... and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307. E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2511.1 Ó 2009 American Meteorological Society ...
... and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307. E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2511.1 Ó 2009 American Meteorological Society ...
Overpeck and Cole, 2006
... 2.3. Millennial-Scale Abrupt Climate Events Abrupt shifts between warm and cold states punctuate the interval between 20 to 75 ka) in the Greenland isotope record, with shifts of 5◦ –15◦ C occurring in decades or less (Figure 1). These alternations were identified in some of the earliest ice core is ...
... 2.3. Millennial-Scale Abrupt Climate Events Abrupt shifts between warm and cold states punctuate the interval between 20 to 75 ka) in the Greenland isotope record, with shifts of 5◦ –15◦ C occurring in decades or less (Figure 1). These alternations were identified in some of the earliest ice core is ...
climate change
... of climate change displacement. Unless governments take strong preventive action and invest in adaptation, climate change-related phenomena such as floods, droughts, famines and hurricanes could push the total number of permanently displaced people as high as 250 million people, between now and 2050 ...
... of climate change displacement. Unless governments take strong preventive action and invest in adaptation, climate change-related phenomena such as floods, droughts, famines and hurricanes could push the total number of permanently displaced people as high as 250 million people, between now and 2050 ...
Role of winter temperature and climate change on the survival and
... temperatures for the months of February, March, or the entire winter season (defined here as December, January, February, and March [DJFM]); we also considered the number of days per winter with temperatures below −10°C, and the absolute minimum winter temperature, or the temperature of the coldest ...
... temperatures for the months of February, March, or the entire winter season (defined here as December, January, February, and March [DJFM]); we also considered the number of days per winter with temperatures below −10°C, and the absolute minimum winter temperature, or the temperature of the coldest ...
In Search of Shelter: Mapping the Effects of Climate Change
... shorter-term displacement and migration. As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of natural hazards such as cyclones, floods, and droughts, the number of temporarily displaced people will rise. This will be especially true in countries that fail to invest now in disaster risk reducti ...
... shorter-term displacement and migration. As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of natural hazards such as cyclones, floods, and droughts, the number of temporarily displaced people will rise. This will be especially true in countries that fail to invest now in disaster risk reducti ...
A Discussion of the Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the
... The coast is a complex system consisting of more than just the beach; while shoreline erosion threatens property near the coast, it can also profoundly influence marshes behind the beach; these changes can in turn regulate the exchanges of water, nutrients, and pollutants with the open ocean. Furthe ...
... The coast is a complex system consisting of more than just the beach; while shoreline erosion threatens property near the coast, it can also profoundly influence marshes behind the beach; these changes can in turn regulate the exchanges of water, nutrients, and pollutants with the open ocean. Furthe ...
Climate Extremes: Challenges in Estimating
... extremes. It is important to note that the linkage between extreme events and extreme impacts (i.e. natural disasters) is not straightforward. Events that are rare from a statistical perspective may not necessarily lead to impacts if there is either no exposure or no vulnerability to the particular ...
... extremes. It is important to note that the linkage between extreme events and extreme impacts (i.e. natural disasters) is not straightforward. Events that are rare from a statistical perspective may not necessarily lead to impacts if there is either no exposure or no vulnerability to the particular ...
Peru-Chile upwelling dynamics under climate change - HAL-Insu
... IPSL-CM4 surface winds along the Peru and Chile coasts under idealized preindustrial (PI), doubling and quadrupling CO2 scenarios. Their results confirmed the wind strengthening off Chile, whereas they show a decrease in the annual mean off Peru, consequence of an austral summer decrease and a modera ...
... IPSL-CM4 surface winds along the Peru and Chile coasts under idealized preindustrial (PI), doubling and quadrupling CO2 scenarios. Their results confirmed the wind strengthening off Chile, whereas they show a decrease in the annual mean off Peru, consequence of an austral summer decrease and a modera ...
National Park Service
... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
Robust Sahel drying in response to late 20th century forcings
... the drought [Held et al., 2005]. Conversely, [Hoerling et al., 2006] report that a multi-model ensemble forced with 20th century anthropogenic emissions reproduces the long-term variations of Indian Ocean and (less accurately) Atlantic Ocean SST, but fails to reproduce the magnitude of the observed ...
... the drought [Held et al., 2005]. Conversely, [Hoerling et al., 2006] report that a multi-model ensemble forced with 20th century anthropogenic emissions reproduces the long-term variations of Indian Ocean and (less accurately) Atlantic Ocean SST, but fails to reproduce the magnitude of the observed ...
Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent
... forms differ in productivity, decomposition rates, albedo and snow-catching capacity, so understanding their response to climate warming can inform models of global surface energy balance and carbon sequestration22,23 and generate predictions for areas beyond the monitored regions. The vast geograph ...
... forms differ in productivity, decomposition rates, albedo and snow-catching capacity, so understanding their response to climate warming can inform models of global surface energy balance and carbon sequestration22,23 and generate predictions for areas beyond the monitored regions. The vast geograph ...
The role of biospheric feedbacks in the simulation of the... historical land cover change on the Australian January climate
... there is no Human-induced LCC, temperature changes of 0.1 – 0.2C are widespread. This is the result of the biospheric feedback that lead to large scale warming in Bio as the vegetation responds to increasing CO2 and climate change by reducing gs [cf. Sellers et al., 1996]. [12] We test the statisti ...
... there is no Human-induced LCC, temperature changes of 0.1 – 0.2C are widespread. This is the result of the biospheric feedback that lead to large scale warming in Bio as the vegetation responds to increasing CO2 and climate change by reducing gs [cf. Sellers et al., 1996]. [12] We test the statisti ...
Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in
... One of the most important feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change is the potential release of soil carbon as temperature increases, especially at high latitudes (Field et al., 2007). The amount of carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by a fact ...
... One of the most important feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change is the potential release of soil carbon as temperature increases, especially at high latitudes (Field et al., 2007). The amount of carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by a fact ...
Physical impacts of climate change
This article is about the physical impacts of climate change. For some of these physical impacts, their effect on social and economic systems are also described.