(Attachment: 20)APPENDIX 1-OSB 10.2.09
... The debate on climate change has shifted in recent years from whether we need to act, to how much we need to do, and how quickly. There is unequivocal evidence that global warming is taking place. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on climate change has concluded that there is more than a 90 ...
... The debate on climate change has shifted in recent years from whether we need to act, to how much we need to do, and how quickly. There is unequivocal evidence that global warming is taking place. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on climate change has concluded that there is more than a 90 ...
SC ESSAY - Complete Document (1) final public
... and methane in the Earth’s atmosphere, and 97 percent of climate scientists agree that it is very likely due to human activity. Over the past century, large amounts of greenhouse gases have been released into the atmosphere by humans burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas to power thei ...
... and methane in the Earth’s atmosphere, and 97 percent of climate scientists agree that it is very likely due to human activity. Over the past century, large amounts of greenhouse gases have been released into the atmosphere by humans burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas to power thei ...
Trees and climate change
... pathogens. Of course, impacts are likely to come from more than one direction and may be related. For instance, trees stressed by drought will become more susceptible to disease and pests. ...
... pathogens. Of course, impacts are likely to come from more than one direction and may be related. For instance, trees stressed by drought will become more susceptible to disease and pests. ...
Biogeoengineering Solutions to Climate Change
... Valdes Current Biology (2009), doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.025 ...
... Valdes Current Biology (2009), doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.025 ...
Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources
... Reduced rainfall has resulted in 50% less runoff Key Message: Water managers can not assume that the climate baselines of the 20th century will be valid in the 21st century ...
... Reduced rainfall has resulted in 50% less runoff Key Message: Water managers can not assume that the climate baselines of the 20th century will be valid in the 21st century ...
Climate Change Mitigation: Research Needs
... IPCC WORKING GROUP III RESEARCH NEEDS 4. Evaluating climate mitigation options in the context of development, sustainability, and equity. Examples include: • Balancing mitigation and adaptation in the context of development; • Alternative development paths; • Synergy between explicit climate polici ...
... IPCC WORKING GROUP III RESEARCH NEEDS 4. Evaluating climate mitigation options in the context of development, sustainability, and equity. Examples include: • Balancing mitigation and adaptation in the context of development; • Alternative development paths; • Synergy between explicit climate polici ...
Detection of a Human Influence on North American Climate
... model. For both 1950 –1999 and 1900 –1999, the observed warming trend over North America is very similar to each model’s response to anthropogenic forcing and is significantly larger than the model responses to natural forcing alone (Fig. 3). For 1900 – 1949, the response to natural forcing in all f ...
... model. For both 1950 –1999 and 1900 –1999, the observed warming trend over North America is very similar to each model’s response to anthropogenic forcing and is significantly larger than the model responses to natural forcing alone (Fig. 3). For 1900 – 1949, the response to natural forcing in all f ...
Hydrologic Implications of Climate Change for the Western US
... between the Upper and Lower Colorado River Basin. It apportioned **in perpetuity** to the Upper and Lower Basin, respectively, the beneficial consumptive use of 7.5 million acre feet (maf) of water per annum. It also provided that the Upper Basin will not cause the flow of the river at Lee Ferry to ...
... between the Upper and Lower Colorado River Basin. It apportioned **in perpetuity** to the Upper and Lower Basin, respectively, the beneficial consumptive use of 7.5 million acre feet (maf) of water per annum. It also provided that the Upper Basin will not cause the flow of the river at Lee Ferry to ...
Memo from Tom Steyer to Anderson Cooper
... care and economic growth/jobs). Polling conducted by Hart Research shows that 84 percent of Democrats want our leaders to commit to powering our country with more than 50 percent clean energy by 2030. ...
... care and economic growth/jobs). Polling conducted by Hart Research shows that 84 percent of Democrats want our leaders to commit to powering our country with more than 50 percent clean energy by 2030. ...
Uncertainty in Climate Predictions
... power, climate processes and their interactions can be represented in computer models only up to a certain spatial and temporal scales (the two Climate model bias: the CCSM simulated climate minus the observations. being naturally linked to each other). For example, the percentage of cloud cover and ...
... power, climate processes and their interactions can be represented in computer models only up to a certain spatial and temporal scales (the two Climate model bias: the CCSM simulated climate minus the observations. being naturally linked to each other). For example, the percentage of cloud cover and ...
Europeans` perceptions of climate change and global warming: A
... "In the general public, it is often discussed that some people‘s knowledge and attitudes towards climate change are different from their behaviour. According to your opinion, what are the reasons for this gap." Thus, we did not ask the people directly what they themselves are doing, how they behave, ...
... "In the general public, it is often discussed that some people‘s knowledge and attitudes towards climate change are different from their behaviour. According to your opinion, what are the reasons for this gap." Thus, we did not ask the people directly what they themselves are doing, how they behave, ...
How to Break the Climate Deadlock
... from coal, we pay for the electricity, but we do not pay for these other real, measurable costs. In a properly functioning market, people pay the true cost of the goods and services they use. If I dump my garbage in your backyard, you are right to insist that I pay for that privilege, assuming you a ...
... from coal, we pay for the electricity, but we do not pay for these other real, measurable costs. In a properly functioning market, people pay the true cost of the goods and services they use. If I dump my garbage in your backyard, you are right to insist that I pay for that privilege, assuming you a ...
Is a breakthrough on climate change governance on the - KIT
... • IPCC maintains record of Knowledge and Accountability for global action and laid framework conditions required to engage global actors ex: equity effort sharing. sharing • IPCC & others Knowledge creates Maps identifying “levers” solution space. p • Knowledge relevant to global governance – UNFCC ...
... • IPCC maintains record of Knowledge and Accountability for global action and laid framework conditions required to engage global actors ex: equity effort sharing. sharing • IPCC & others Knowledge creates Maps identifying “levers” solution space. p • Knowledge relevant to global governance – UNFCC ...
Global Climate Action event on oceans
... biological extraction already generate USD 3-6 trillion. However, climate change is having profound, diverse, and regionally disproportionate impacts, on ocean ecosystems and the services they provide. Considerable capacity development and financing are required to cohesively address the challenges ...
... biological extraction already generate USD 3-6 trillion. However, climate change is having profound, diverse, and regionally disproportionate impacts, on ocean ecosystems and the services they provide. Considerable capacity development and financing are required to cohesively address the challenges ...
Submission by Mexico on paras 125-133 Dec 1-21
... 2. The expansion of the PA system in landscapes that are particularly sensitive to climate change, in order to protect refugees and corridors to increase connectivity and ecosystem resiliency. 3. Climate change component as part of effective management in order to respond to threats related to biodi ...
... 2. The expansion of the PA system in landscapes that are particularly sensitive to climate change, in order to protect refugees and corridors to increase connectivity and ecosystem resiliency. 3. Climate change component as part of effective management in order to respond to threats related to biodi ...
Chiang Mai University Success Stories
... Faculty of Science Undergrad course “Selected topic in Biology on climate change” A grad course on climate change is planned for Environmental Science students (Dr. Wan Wiriya, Department of Chemistry) Faculty of Social Sciences An existing grad course on climate change (Dr. Chakrit Chotamonsa ...
... Faculty of Science Undergrad course “Selected topic in Biology on climate change” A grad course on climate change is planned for Environmental Science students (Dr. Wan Wiriya, Department of Chemistry) Faculty of Social Sciences An existing grad course on climate change (Dr. Chakrit Chotamonsa ...
The Physics of Climate and Climate Change
... Any change in the radiation balance (at TOA) caused by changes in atmospheric composition, etc., is a called a “radiative forcing”. We can evaluate radiative forcings with a very high precision by running a 1D radiativeconvective model ‘before’ and ‘after’. IPCC 4AR: “very high confidence” (>90%). W ...
... Any change in the radiation balance (at TOA) caused by changes in atmospheric composition, etc., is a called a “radiative forcing”. We can evaluate radiative forcings with a very high precision by running a 1D radiativeconvective model ‘before’ and ‘after’. IPCC 4AR: “very high confidence” (>90%). W ...
- Harvard University
... Determine the importance of non-radiative forcings Several types of forcings—most notably aerosols, land-use and land-cover change, and modifications to biogeochemistry— impact the climate system in non-radiative ways, in particular by modifying the hydrological cycle and vegetation dynamics. ...
... Determine the importance of non-radiative forcings Several types of forcings—most notably aerosols, land-use and land-cover change, and modifications to biogeochemistry— impact the climate system in non-radiative ways, in particular by modifying the hydrological cycle and vegetation dynamics. ...
The Big Picture: The Earth at Risk
... conflicts with human land uses in its high altitude homes in Central Asia. Now a new threat has appeared in these mountains: climate change. As the snow line recedes, imperiled snow leopards – which are adapted to hunt on snowy terrain – move higher, where vegetation is scarcer. Fewer plants mean le ...
... conflicts with human land uses in its high altitude homes in Central Asia. Now a new threat has appeared in these mountains: climate change. As the snow line recedes, imperiled snow leopards – which are adapted to hunt on snowy terrain – move higher, where vegetation is scarcer. Fewer plants mean le ...
The Big Picture: The Earth at Risk
... conflicts with human land uses in its high altitude homes in Central Asia. Now a new threat has appeared in these mountains: climate change. As the snow line recedes, imperiled snow leopards – which are adapted to hunt on snowy terrain – move higher, where vegetation is scarcer. Fewer plants mean le ...
... conflicts with human land uses in its high altitude homes in Central Asia. Now a new threat has appeared in these mountains: climate change. As the snow line recedes, imperiled snow leopards – which are adapted to hunt on snowy terrain – move higher, where vegetation is scarcer. Fewer plants mean le ...
The Impact of Agriculture on Climate Change
... burning and the remainder to land-use change (IPCC, 2001). The major impacts of agricultural land-use change are occurring in tropical rainforest regions such as Brazil, Congo, and Indonesia where native rainforests are being cleared for cultivation and pasture. Tropical deforestation, which now exc ...
... burning and the remainder to land-use change (IPCC, 2001). The major impacts of agricultural land-use change are occurring in tropical rainforest regions such as Brazil, Congo, and Indonesia where native rainforests are being cleared for cultivation and pasture. Tropical deforestation, which now exc ...
S7-Etienne Clement- Presentation
... UNESCO being the UN agency with a mandate on natural and social sciences has several strategic objectives in climate change: building and maintaining the climate change knowledge base: science, assessment, monitoring and early warning; A specific programme on the ethics of science and technology ...
... UNESCO being the UN agency with a mandate on natural and social sciences has several strategic objectives in climate change: building and maintaining the climate change knowledge base: science, assessment, monitoring and early warning; A specific programme on the ethics of science and technology ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).