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Slide 1
Slide 1

... and in the year 2060. As well as identifying risks, young people were asked to explore options for adaptation and discuss issues of responsibility. KEY POINTS: 1. The issues young people were asked to explore are particularly relevant to the evidence base and to the Climate Change Strategy for Wales ...
Soil Microorganisms and Global Climate Change
Soil Microorganisms and Global Climate Change

... the macroscopic scale, microbial processes can significantly shape the effects that global climate change has on terrestrial ecosystems. According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report (2007), warming of the climate system is occurring at unprecedented rates and an increase in a ...
3280 – Atmospheric chemistry
3280 – Atmospheric chemistry

... • Radiative forcing: the change in the net radiation balance at the tropopause caused by a particular external factor in the absence of any climate feedbacks. • These forcing mechanisms can be caused by: – change in the atmospheric constituents such as the increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) – aeros ...
Climate Change - Hans von Storch
Climate Change - Hans von Storch

Climate Change: A Global Challenge
Climate Change: A Global Challenge

... • Temperatures are increasing in many parts of the planet • This is caused by build-up of greenhouse gases (GHGs) • Continued GHG emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and change in our climatic system • Most of the increase in average temperatures is due to increase in GHG ...
this PDF file
this PDF file

... By its name, climate change appears as an adjustment in the atmospheric activities. The above sharp definition favors a cursory analytical explanation of what climate change stands for. Nevertheless, the definition implicitly lays bare the various strata in the universe – Atmosphere, Cryosphere, Hyd ...
Climate Change, Uncertainty and Precaution
Climate Change, Uncertainty and Precaution

... humans appeared on Earth (about 2 million years ago). The last time the Earth was this warm was in the Pliocene period (5 to 3 million years ago) • 5°C and above corresponds to a climate not experienced for tens of millions of years. In that period there were no glaciers in the Antarctic and Greenla ...
Lindene Patton
Lindene Patton

positive feedbacks and climate runaway
positive feedbacks and climate runaway

... Burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), deforestation, population growth, and agricultural practices are changing the composition of the atmosphere (increasing the concentrations of CO2 and other GHGs, soot, and sulfates) and changing the surface of the land, including melting large areas ...
``Risks of oil storing and oil pipelines: the case of Bourgas
``Risks of oil storing and oil pipelines: the case of Bourgas

... 1. Cliamte change problems need a comprehensive national policy, that would guide sectorial and regional strategies. 2. Climate change impacts on people and especially on poors need better investigation and co-operation between institutions ans non-governmental associations within a given country. E ...
Climate Then & Now Lesson Plan
Climate Then & Now Lesson Plan

... According to the index, should the climate changes over the last few decades be noticeable to older residents (i.e. has the Climate Index been persistently greater than 1, or less than 1?) Do the results between the survey and the Climate Index agree? If they do agree can you say anything about the ...
Oklahoma`s Climate and its Effect on Water
Oklahoma`s Climate and its Effect on Water

... “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.” – the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) That ...
Topic: This module considers how climate affects our lives and
Topic: This module considers how climate affects our lives and

... According to the index, should the climate changes over the last few decades be noticeable to older residents (i.e. has the Climate Index been persistently greater than 1, or less than 1?) Do the results between the survey and the Climate Index agree? If they do agree can you say anything about the ...
The role of financial institutions for sustainable economic
The role of financial institutions for sustainable economic

... and insurance payments by weather related disasters. It said that economic damage and insurance payments by weather related disasters are increasing rapidly and it is forecasted to reach USD 1 trillion in 2020. In general, insurance is not so common in developing countries, so I am afraid that this ...
Global Climate Change and Population
Global Climate Change and Population

... Semi-arid to arid – high levels of rural poverty Range of different farming systems ...
Indicator Potential to measure
Indicator Potential to measure

... INDICATORS OF C&I PROCESSES • ITTO criterion 4.4: Total amount of carbon stored in forest stands; ...
The Scientific Guide to Global Warming Skepticism
The Scientific Guide to Global Warming Skepticism

... number of distinct, discernible human fingerprints on climate change. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Average summer impact 0.04 degree days per day Total difference: 0.2 degree days per day in 2008 0.18 degree days in 2007 0.17 degree days in 2006 On average 40% lower with NO WIND than the daily to average calculation impact stated by xoserve suggesting incorrect increments have as large an impact ...
X - School of GeoSciences
X - School of GeoSciences

... • Inter-model standard deviations highlight where models differ the most • Quantitative assessment of 2030 scenarios provide clear options for policymakers (radiative forcing and AQ) • Influence of climate change uncertain • Global budgets reveal interesting and fundamental model differences • Analy ...
Anno-bib How do plants and animals adapt to
Anno-bib How do plants and animals adapt to

... In “Plants and animals shrinking with climate change?” they show many details of how animals shrink in size because of climate change such as toads, and may lead to other animals having to shrink in size in order to adapt to their environment. They also provide fossil evidence from 56 million years ...
Climate Change and Speciation of Mammals Interview with Anthony
Climate Change and Speciation of Mammals Interview with Anthony

... Barnosky: I think they do, but it depends on what scale of change you are talking about. There are many different scales of environmental change. Climate change is an example, Climate changes happen from year to year and decade to decade, over hundreds of years, over thousands of years, in hundred t ...
Keeling Curve (Mauna Loa)
Keeling Curve (Mauna Loa)

... global warming trend is real and continuing • However, the rate of surface warming has been slower over the last few years, and much has been made of this by ...
Global Drivers of Change
Global Drivers of Change

... Time v time-scale coverage for reanalysis products and observations ...
Read the full transcript of this interview.
Read the full transcript of this interview.

... pollution we now see in Beijing and New Delhi today, this would be a very different issue. But unfortunately the primary cause [is] these invisible gases like methane and nitrous oxide and, of course, carbon dioxide most importantly. And so that just makes it that much harder for us to get our heads ...
doha - save the planet
doha - save the planet

... IPCC reviews. Friends of Science have spent the past decade reviewing peer-reviewed papers on climate change. The scientific evidence shows that the sun is the main driver of climate change. Not CO2. It‟s time to STOP THE WANTON WASTE OF RESOURCES on useless carbon reduction policies or so-called „d ...
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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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