Earth System Modeling—An Integrated Assessment Tool for Environmental Studies R. A. P
... change is accelerating (Fig. 2). O’Brien (2000) provides additional information on the accelerating rate of tropical deforestation. Pitman and Zhao (2000), and Chase et al. (1996, 2000a) have presented results that indicate a substantial effect on the Earth’s atmospheric circulation thousands of kil ...
... change is accelerating (Fig. 2). O’Brien (2000) provides additional information on the accelerating rate of tropical deforestation. Pitman and Zhao (2000), and Chase et al. (1996, 2000a) have presented results that indicate a substantial effect on the Earth’s atmospheric circulation thousands of kil ...
The impact of climate change on the global economy
... The long-run effects of climate change will most certainly be negative for global economic activity. Damage to the global capital stock and disruptions to labour supply will reduce productivity and economic activity. Inflation will increase as production is curtailed, particularly in agriculture, ...
... The long-run effects of climate change will most certainly be negative for global economic activity. Damage to the global capital stock and disruptions to labour supply will reduce productivity and economic activity. Inflation will increase as production is curtailed, particularly in agriculture, ...
PDF
... long-term studies of tree growth have provided insights into relationships between trees and climate (particularly drought impacts). However, the uncertain effect of increased carbon dioxide on trees is only now being studied in comprehensive long-term experiments on how trees behave when exposed to ...
... long-term studies of tree growth have provided insights into relationships between trees and climate (particularly drought impacts). However, the uncertain effect of increased carbon dioxide on trees is only now being studied in comprehensive long-term experiments on how trees behave when exposed to ...
Climate Change Support Booklet 2016
... Choose an animal from the page 25, or any other species that are at risk as a result of climate change, and write a report on that animal. You should include: • Where the animal lives. • Why is it under threat? • Possible ways the species can be helped. A useful website to use is the World Wildlife ...
... Choose an animal from the page 25, or any other species that are at risk as a result of climate change, and write a report on that animal. You should include: • Where the animal lives. • Why is it under threat? • Possible ways the species can be helped. A useful website to use is the World Wildlife ...
23 January 1979 25 January 1979 30 January 1979 3 March 1979
... A question of scale Earth scientists now use probes stuck into the ground to measure soil moisture in small, shallow, widely scattered areas, just one meter square. At the other extreme, satellites measure average soil moisture over large areas, roughly 30 kilometers square. Neither approach provide ...
... A question of scale Earth scientists now use probes stuck into the ground to measure soil moisture in small, shallow, widely scattered areas, just one meter square. At the other extreme, satellites measure average soil moisture over large areas, roughly 30 kilometers square. Neither approach provide ...
A “wedge” - The NEED Project
... • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate: http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap3-3/final-report/default.htm Other NOAA Climate Change Reports: http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/default.htm ...
... • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate: http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap3-3/final-report/default.htm Other NOAA Climate Change Reports: http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/default.htm ...
- Harvard University
... microphysics, growth, reactivity, Black carbon and processes for their removal ...
... microphysics, growth, reactivity, Black carbon and processes for their removal ...
quently harden the coat. However, this coat-
... of changes in solar irradiance and volcanic aerosols, while retaining the effects of changes in GHGs and sulfate aerosols. The global ocean heat content (calculated over the depth range from 0 to 3000 m) for the GSSV ensemble is shown in Fig. 1. Based on a linear trend, the simulated heat content in ...
... of changes in solar irradiance and volcanic aerosols, while retaining the effects of changes in GHGs and sulfate aerosols. The global ocean heat content (calculated over the depth range from 0 to 3000 m) for the GSSV ensemble is shown in Fig. 1. Based on a linear trend, the simulated heat content in ...
Financial Institutions: Preparing the Market for adapting to Climate
... where businesses and investors can network for green business. The Green Banking Portal of Piraeus Bank: Presents the good practices adopted by organisations and/or businesses in order to reduce their environmental footprint (e.g. lower energy consumption by insulating buildings or by using special ...
... where businesses and investors can network for green business. The Green Banking Portal of Piraeus Bank: Presents the good practices adopted by organisations and/or businesses in order to reduce their environmental footprint (e.g. lower energy consumption by insulating buildings or by using special ...
Powerpoint
... The Land Carbon Cycle is affected physiologically by many atmospheric pollutants, as well as via the impact of these pollutants on climate change. The Physiological Impacts of different atmospheric pollutants on land ecosystem services vary radically, and are often larger than the impacts of cli ...
... The Land Carbon Cycle is affected physiologically by many atmospheric pollutants, as well as via the impact of these pollutants on climate change. The Physiological Impacts of different atmospheric pollutants on land ecosystem services vary radically, and are often larger than the impacts of cli ...
Environment training UMDF
... Arctic temperatures and ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity, wind patterns and aspects of extreme weather including droughts, heavy precipitation, heat waves and the intensity of tropical cyclones. Some aspects of climate have not been observed to change: Diurnal tempe ...
... Arctic temperatures and ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity, wind patterns and aspects of extreme weather including droughts, heavy precipitation, heat waves and the intensity of tropical cyclones. Some aspects of climate have not been observed to change: Diurnal tempe ...
Policymakers Summary
... • emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concen trations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrous oxide These increases will enhance the greenhouse effect, resulting on average in an additional warming of ...
... • emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concen trations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrous oxide These increases will enhance the greenhouse effect, resulting on average in an additional warming of ...
The Collaborative Program on the Ethical Dimensions of Climate
... international community will not be able to duck the question of how to allocate emissions targets among nations so that total atmospheric concentrations of GHGs do not exceed very dangerous levels. In the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 180 nations, including the United ...
... international community will not be able to duck the question of how to allocate emissions targets among nations so that total atmospheric concentrations of GHGs do not exceed very dangerous levels. In the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 180 nations, including the United ...
2. Observed climatology and sensitivity of runoff
... forecasting. This technique was later adapted for use in studies examining the hydrologic impacts of climate change (Hayhoe et al., 2004; Maurer and Duffy, 2005; Payne et al., 2004; van Rheenen et al., 2004). BCSD is an empirical statistical technique in which the monthly precipitation and temperatu ...
... forecasting. This technique was later adapted for use in studies examining the hydrologic impacts of climate change (Hayhoe et al., 2004; Maurer and Duffy, 2005; Payne et al., 2004; van Rheenen et al., 2004). BCSD is an empirical statistical technique in which the monthly precipitation and temperatu ...
hamlet_cranbrook_jan_2003
... •Water systems are operated closer to their supply limits now than in the past (effective management is more important) •Use of historic streamflow record for long-range planning •Use of statistical streamflow forecasting tools based on 30-year streamflow record •Inflexibility and fragmentation of w ...
... •Water systems are operated closer to their supply limits now than in the past (effective management is more important) •Use of historic streamflow record for long-range planning •Use of statistical streamflow forecasting tools based on 30-year streamflow record •Inflexibility and fragmentation of w ...
getting to know humanity`s life support system: earth`s biosphere
... COMPONENT OF SCIENTIFIC QUALITY CONTROL. UNINFORMED SKEPTICISM IS NOT HELPFUL TO SCIENCE. Climate change skeptics, most lacking robust scientific credentials, have claimed that carbon dioxide lagged increased global mean surface temperatures and did not cause global warming in the past8 despite sc ...
... COMPONENT OF SCIENTIFIC QUALITY CONTROL. UNINFORMED SKEPTICISM IS NOT HELPFUL TO SCIENCE. Climate change skeptics, most lacking robust scientific credentials, have claimed that carbon dioxide lagged increased global mean surface temperatures and did not cause global warming in the past8 despite sc ...
PowerPoint - Columbia University
... The fraction of CO2 remaining in the air, after emission by fossil fuel burning, declines rapidly at first, but 1/3 remains in the air after a century and 1/5 after a millennium (Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 2287-2312, 2007). ...
... The fraction of CO2 remaining in the air, after emission by fossil fuel burning, declines rapidly at first, but 1/3 remains in the air after a century and 1/5 after a millennium (Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 2287-2312, 2007). ...
Read the complete document. - The Carbon Sense Coalition
... 6. Satellite temperature measurements were initially not considered by the IPCC. 7. The U.S average temperature has trended upward at about 0.5 degrees C per century over the last 130 years or so. This has included both GW and GC periods, each lasting approximately 30 years. 8. The earth has experie ...
... 6. Satellite temperature measurements were initially not considered by the IPCC. 7. The U.S average temperature has trended upward at about 0.5 degrees C per century over the last 130 years or so. This has included both GW and GC periods, each lasting approximately 30 years. 8. The earth has experie ...
Summing up Sendai: progress integrating climate
... † Despite the availability of over a decade of consistent ocean colour observations, it remains difficult to answer the even most basic question for biology—will global ocean primary production rise or fall as a result of the combined effects of ocean acidification, ocean warming, mixed-layer depth ...
... † Despite the availability of over a decade of consistent ocean colour observations, it remains difficult to answer the even most basic question for biology—will global ocean primary production rise or fall as a result of the combined effects of ocean acidification, ocean warming, mixed-layer depth ...
Uncertainty and Discounting
... Newell, R. and W. Pizer (2001), “Discounting the benefits of climate change mitigation: How much do uncertain rates increase valuation”, PEW center, valuation PEW center Economics technical series. Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger ...
... Newell, R. and W. Pizer (2001), “Discounting the benefits of climate change mitigation: How much do uncertain rates increase valuation”, PEW center, valuation PEW center Economics technical series. Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger ...
Climate Change in Hertfordshire
... set of experimental statistics of carbon dioxide emissions for local authority (NUTS4) and Government Office Region (NUTS1) areas for the year 2003 now updated for 2004 • Makes use of DTI local gas and electricity consumption data (electricity data are experimental) – DTI’s commitment to “collect an ...
... set of experimental statistics of carbon dioxide emissions for local authority (NUTS4) and Government Office Region (NUTS1) areas for the year 2003 now updated for 2004 • Makes use of DTI local gas and electricity consumption data (electricity data are experimental) – DTI’s commitment to “collect an ...
Students` guide
... warming. Temperatures everywhere are rising. Global warming is changing Earth in ways that spell trouble for polar bears, human beings and other things. ...
... warming. Temperatures everywhere are rising. Global warming is changing Earth in ways that spell trouble for polar bears, human beings and other things. ...
Climate Report 2014. Energy Security and Climate Change Worldwide
... in the capital city Manila.12 GIZ estimates that fossil ...
... in the capital city Manila.12 GIZ estimates that fossil ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).