Glacier volume response time and its links to climate
... of individual glaciers and ice caps plays an important role in their response, thus making it difficult to generalize results”. More detailed dynamic flow modelling of glaciers will undoubtedly contribute to our better understanding of individual glaciers but for an overall view of sea level rise fr ...
... of individual glaciers and ice caps plays an important role in their response, thus making it difficult to generalize results”. More detailed dynamic flow modelling of glaciers will undoubtedly contribute to our better understanding of individual glaciers but for an overall view of sea level rise fr ...
Final report
... frequency and magnitude of mass movement events, and (g) surface instabilities caused by thermokarstprocesses/meltingofpermafrostice.Someofthesegeomorphicreactionsarealso truefornonͲpermafrostperiglacialareas,meaningalpineandsubalpineenvironmentsatlower elevation ...
... frequency and magnitude of mass movement events, and (g) surface instabilities caused by thermokarstprocesses/meltingofpermafrostice.Someofthesegeomorphicreactionsarealso truefornonͲpermafrostperiglacialareas,meaningalpineandsubalpineenvironmentsatlower elevation ...
Stern Review: The Economics of Climate Change
... STERN REVIEW: The Economics of Climate Change models of the global effects – shows that climate change will have serious impacts on world output, on human life and on the environment. All countries will be affected. The most vulnerable – the poorest countries and populations – will suffer earliest ...
... STERN REVIEW: The Economics of Climate Change models of the global effects – shows that climate change will have serious impacts on world output, on human life and on the environment. All countries will be affected. The most vulnerable – the poorest countries and populations – will suffer earliest ...
Full text in pdf format
... Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher ...
... Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher ...
PDF
... between 90% in the OECD to 50% in other regions. Globally, adaptation can achieve a damage reduction of roughly US$ 35 trillion at the cost of US$ 3 trillion, within the period 2000-2200 using a 3% discount rate. With these assumptions, it not surprising that PAGE can easily justify aggressive adapt ...
... between 90% in the OECD to 50% in other regions. Globally, adaptation can achieve a damage reduction of roughly US$ 35 trillion at the cost of US$ 3 trillion, within the period 2000-2200 using a 3% discount rate. With these assumptions, it not surprising that PAGE can easily justify aggressive adapt ...
PDF
... mitigation, development, health care and so on. This form of adaptation limitation is modelled by limiting the amounts of funds available for adaptation (i.e. adaptation costs) to a level below the optimal (scenario A1). Furthermore it may be the case that there is an over-investment in adaptation, ...
... mitigation, development, health care and so on. This form of adaptation limitation is modelled by limiting the amounts of funds available for adaptation (i.e. adaptation costs) to a level below the optimal (scenario A1). Furthermore it may be the case that there is an over-investment in adaptation, ...
rapporter.ffi.no
... Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen, who in October 2009 called attention to the “potentially huge security implications” of climate change. NATO countries should use the Alliance as a forum in which to discuss and address the challenges it creates, said the new NATO chief. He also called for active enga ...
... Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen, who in October 2009 called attention to the “potentially huge security implications” of climate change. NATO countries should use the Alliance as a forum in which to discuss and address the challenges it creates, said the new NATO chief. He also called for active enga ...
4. The CO2 fertilization effect
... carbohydrates tend to accumulate in leaves and other plant organs as starch, soluble carbohydrates or polyfructosans, depending on species. In some cases, there may be feedback inhibition of photosynthesis associated with accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates. Increased carbohydrate accumulat ...
... carbohydrates tend to accumulate in leaves and other plant organs as starch, soluble carbohydrates or polyfructosans, depending on species. In some cases, there may be feedback inhibition of photosynthesis associated with accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates. Increased carbohydrate accumulat ...
2014 Assessment in pdf - Ozone Secretariat
... Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (gene in italics); mutations of the gene are found in melanoma ...
... Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (gene in italics); mutations of the gene are found in melanoma ...
Examining the decision-relevance of climate model information for the insurance industry
... to draw analogies to the climate system, results are presented which support the emerging view that climate prediction ought to be treated as both an initial value problem and a boundary condition problem on all time scales. The research also examines the application of the ergodic assumption in cli ...
... to draw analogies to the climate system, results are presented which support the emerging view that climate prediction ought to be treated as both an initial value problem and a boundary condition problem on all time scales. The research also examines the application of the ergodic assumption in cli ...
Climate Change and Tourism - Sustainable Development of Tourism
... tourism sector to rapidly respond to climate change if it is to develop in a sustainable manner, which will require actions to: mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the tourism sector, derived especially from transport and accommodation activities; adapt tourism businesses and destinations to chan ...
... tourism sector to rapidly respond to climate change if it is to develop in a sustainable manner, which will require actions to: mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the tourism sector, derived especially from transport and accommodation activities; adapt tourism businesses and destinations to chan ...
chile`s second biennial update report on climate change
... of Climate Change was responsible for coordinating the preparation of this report to the United Nations. This time, they had to double their efforts because, together with this Biennial Report, during 2016, Chile will also submit its Third National Communication to the United Nations Convention, an ...
... of Climate Change was responsible for coordinating the preparation of this report to the United Nations. This time, they had to double their efforts because, together with this Biennial Report, during 2016, Chile will also submit its Third National Communication to the United Nations Convention, an ...
Extreme climate events counteract the effects of climate and land
... 42 C. Barros et al. effects occurred during the first severe drought they experienced (drought sensitivity = 1). In contrast, chamaephytes and phanerophytes were less sensitive: chamaephytes only suffered severe effects during the second drought they experienced, while phanerophytes and shrubs (C4) ...
... 42 C. Barros et al. effects occurred during the first severe drought they experienced (drought sensitivity = 1). In contrast, chamaephytes and phanerophytes were less sensitive: chamaephytes only suffered severe effects during the second drought they experienced, while phanerophytes and shrubs (C4) ...
Government Coastal Planning Responses to Rising Sea
... responses of the Australian Commonwealth Government, relevant state/territory governments and selected local governments are addressed. The report aims to provide a comprehensive and succinct overview of the responsibilities of the respective levels of government in relation to coastal planning, and ...
... responses of the Australian Commonwealth Government, relevant state/territory governments and selected local governments are addressed. The report aims to provide a comprehensive and succinct overview of the responsibilities of the respective levels of government in relation to coastal planning, and ...
Heft 168 Wei Yang Discrete-Continuous Downscaling Model for
... This doctoral work was done within two EU-supported projects: Statistical and Regional dynamical Downscaling of Extremes for European regions(STARDEX), supported by the European Commission under the Fifth Framework Program and contributing to the implementation of the Key Action “Global change, clim ...
... This doctoral work was done within two EU-supported projects: Statistical and Regional dynamical Downscaling of Extremes for European regions(STARDEX), supported by the European Commission under the Fifth Framework Program and contributing to the implementation of the Key Action “Global change, clim ...
Playing the Climate Dominoes: Tipping Points and the Cost of
... Abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions can trigger irreversible regime shifts in the climate system, known as tipping points. Multiple tipping points affect each other’s probability of occurrence (a “domino effect”) and they reinforce each other’s economic impacts. Today’s optimal mitigation policy has ...
... Abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions can trigger irreversible regime shifts in the climate system, known as tipping points. Multiple tipping points affect each other’s probability of occurrence (a “domino effect”) and they reinforce each other’s economic impacts. Today’s optimal mitigation policy has ...
A C I
... between 1992 and 2007, and summarises the gaps and challenges that need to be addressed in the future. It also looks at several recent proposals on how to treat adaptation in a post-2012 agreement on climate change. While these proposals address many important issues relevant to adaptation, they are ...
... between 1992 and 2007, and summarises the gaps and challenges that need to be addressed in the future. It also looks at several recent proposals on how to treat adaptation in a post-2012 agreement on climate change. While these proposals address many important issues relevant to adaptation, they are ...
Survey of Climate Change Considerations in Federal Environmental
... included nineteen EISs for proposals related to fossil fuel development, such as the approval of coal, oil and gas leases, and the construction of natural gas pipelines, liquefaction facilities, and export terminals. Only three of these EISs quantified the lifecycle GHG emissions from the fossil fue ...
... included nineteen EISs for proposals related to fossil fuel development, such as the approval of coal, oil and gas leases, and the construction of natural gas pipelines, liquefaction facilities, and export terminals. Only three of these EISs quantified the lifecycle GHG emissions from the fossil fue ...
James Byrne - Curriculum Vitae - Personal Web Sites
... 34. Byrne, J.M. and A.A. Berg, 1998. Spatial analysis of strong El Nino event impacts on the Canadian prairies. CWRJ: 23(3): 231-243. 35. Berg, A. A. and J.M. Byrne, 1998. Water table development due to household and park irrigation in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. CWRJ, 23:61-75. 36. Berg, Aaron, Ja ...
... 34. Byrne, J.M. and A.A. Berg, 1998. Spatial analysis of strong El Nino event impacts on the Canadian prairies. CWRJ: 23(3): 231-243. 35. Berg, A. A. and J.M. Byrne, 1998. Water table development due to household and park irrigation in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. CWRJ, 23:61-75. 36. Berg, Aaron, Ja ...
the age of alaskan wildfires
... has warmed more than twice as fast as the rest of the country, and temperatures are projected to rise by 2-4°F more by 2050 (with the most dramatic rates of warming projected for the far north) (Chapin et. al., 2014). The vast majority of Alaska’s interior is boreal forest, and this area is suscepti ...
... has warmed more than twice as fast as the rest of the country, and temperatures are projected to rise by 2-4°F more by 2050 (with the most dramatic rates of warming projected for the far north) (Chapin et. al., 2014). The vast majority of Alaska’s interior is boreal forest, and this area is suscepti ...
Camels and Climate Resilience: Adaptation in Northern Kenya
... (Bollig 1992). These historic cases provide some insights into the advantages and disadvantages of keeping camels, but the current case is different in that it is a response to opportunities and challenges that have emerged since the mid-1990s, and the way it is being heralded by policy-makers as an ...
... (Bollig 1992). These historic cases provide some insights into the advantages and disadvantages of keeping camels, but the current case is different in that it is a response to opportunities and challenges that have emerged since the mid-1990s, and the way it is being heralded by policy-makers as an ...
Name and describe 2 external factors which affect climate change
... St Ivo School Geography Department - GCSE REVISION Different types of surface have a different albedo – capacity of surface to reflect radiation. Lighter surfaces – e.g. snow and ice reflect large amounts of radiation back to space (high albedo) – reduces temperatures. Fold along here ...
... St Ivo School Geography Department - GCSE REVISION Different types of surface have a different albedo – capacity of surface to reflect radiation. Lighter surfaces – e.g. snow and ice reflect large amounts of radiation back to space (high albedo) – reduces temperatures. Fold along here ...
Global Monsoon Dynamics and Climate Change
... Access provided by Marine Biological Laboratory - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on 12/01/16. For personal use only. ...
... Access provided by Marine Biological Laboratory - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on 12/01/16. For personal use only. ...
Ecuador`s Banana Sector under Climate Change
... in Ecuador and elsewhere; (ii) climate change impacts on yields and diseases incidence; (iii) quantifying carbon footprint and GHG emissions associated with banana production, including the stages from transportation to consumption. The socio-economic analysis examined the national social policies t ...
... in Ecuador and elsewhere; (ii) climate change impacts on yields and diseases incidence; (iii) quantifying carbon footprint and GHG emissions associated with banana production, including the stages from transportation to consumption. The socio-economic analysis examined the national social policies t ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).