Extreme flood events in changing climate for a long-term
... mean value, the coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness calculated from the observed time series with an assumption that these values do not change during the planning horizon (Thomas, 1985). However, the frequency and magnitude of extreme flood events based on historical data do not pr ...
... mean value, the coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness calculated from the observed time series with an assumption that these values do not change during the planning horizon (Thomas, 1985). However, the frequency and magnitude of extreme flood events based on historical data do not pr ...
Ozone Depletion
... use of CFCs faster and with less cost than was originally anticipated. Substitutes have proved particularly important in electronics. The foam-blowing sector has made use of water, carbon-dioxide, and hydrocarbons, as well as HCFCs. The refrigeration and air-conditioning sector has largely used HCFC ...
... use of CFCs faster and with less cost than was originally anticipated. Substitutes have proved particularly important in electronics. The foam-blowing sector has made use of water, carbon-dioxide, and hydrocarbons, as well as HCFCs. The refrigeration and air-conditioning sector has largely used HCFC ...
Project Management
... stakeholders to become educated about climate change and the potential importance of climate change related issues in their sector. As such, there is a much better understanding among most stakeholders about what the informational needs are which would assist in developing climate change related pr ...
... stakeholders to become educated about climate change and the potential importance of climate change related issues in their sector. As such, there is a much better understanding among most stakeholders about what the informational needs are which would assist in developing climate change related pr ...
The Urban Physical Environment: Temperature and Urban Heat
... expanded greatly in the last two decades spurred on by a series of successful international conferences. Despite considerable research, many questions about UHI effects remain unanswered. For example, it is still not clear what portion of the long-term trends of increasing temperatures at standard w ...
... expanded greatly in the last two decades spurred on by a series of successful international conferences. Despite considerable research, many questions about UHI effects remain unanswered. For example, it is still not clear what portion of the long-term trends of increasing temperatures at standard w ...
arctic climate feedbacks: global implications
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
arctic climate feedbacks: global implications
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
Economic Costs and Benefits of Climate Change Impacts and
... Tourism is the largest sector of the economy in the Maldives, and it is critical to the country’s economic future. However, tourism in the Maldives is at risk to climate and non-climate influences. Non-climate influences – such as land-use pressure and coastal erosion, waste management, limited fres ...
... Tourism is the largest sector of the economy in the Maldives, and it is critical to the country’s economic future. However, tourism in the Maldives is at risk to climate and non-climate influences. Non-climate influences – such as land-use pressure and coastal erosion, waste management, limited fres ...
The terrestrial biosphere as a net source of greenhouse gases to the
... In the analysis that follows, we use a dual-constraint approach from 28 bottom-up (BU) studies and 13 top-down (TD) atmospheric inversion studies to constrain biogenic fluxes of the three gases. We generate decadal mean estimates and s.d. of CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes (mean ± s.d., with s.d. being the ...
... In the analysis that follows, we use a dual-constraint approach from 28 bottom-up (BU) studies and 13 top-down (TD) atmospheric inversion studies to constrain biogenic fluxes of the three gases. We generate decadal mean estimates and s.d. of CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes (mean ± s.d., with s.d. being the ...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND TOURISM
... number reaches US$ 1.1 trillion, or over US$ 3 billion a day (UNWTO, 2009). According to the projections of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, the number of international arrivals is expected to reach 1.6 billion by 2020 (UNWTO, 2001). In other words, assuming international tourism only ...
... number reaches US$ 1.1 trillion, or over US$ 3 billion a day (UNWTO, 2009). According to the projections of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, the number of international arrivals is expected to reach 1.6 billion by 2020 (UNWTO, 2001). In other words, assuming international tourism only ...
Past and projected trends in London`s urban heat island
... of the UHI of European and North American cities suggest that the density and height of buildings are significant factors affecting the steepness of the urban± rural temperature gradient Oke 1982 . Dense urban structures also tend to reduce average wind speeds, modifying patterns of airflow over the ...
... of the UHI of European and North American cities suggest that the density and height of buildings are significant factors affecting the steepness of the urban± rural temperature gradient Oke 1982 . Dense urban structures also tend to reduce average wind speeds, modifying patterns of airflow over the ...
International Polar Year Canadian Science Report: Highlights
... Year 2007-2008 (IPY), and I would like to acknowledge my predecessors at the Commission for their contributions to Canada’s resounding IPY success. International Polar Year 2007-2008 represents the pinnacle of nearly 130 years of progress in Canadian polar research. Our country was only 15 years old ...
... Year 2007-2008 (IPY), and I would like to acknowledge my predecessors at the Commission for their contributions to Canada’s resounding IPY success. International Polar Year 2007-2008 represents the pinnacle of nearly 130 years of progress in Canadian polar research. Our country was only 15 years old ...
Observed Climate Change and the Negligible Global Effect of
... regional processes are more important than global ones in determining local climate and local climate variations and changes. The same is true for tropical cyclones impacting Georgia and the United States — there is a great degree of annual and decadal variability that can be traced long into the pa ...
... regional processes are more important than global ones in determining local climate and local climate variations and changes. The same is true for tropical cyclones impacting Georgia and the United States — there is a great degree of annual and decadal variability that can be traced long into the pa ...
Diagnosing Present and Future Permafrost from Climate Models
... Permafrost is a characteristic aspect of the terrestrial Arctic and the fate of near-surface permafrost over the next century is likely to exert strong controls on Arctic hydrology and biogeochemistry. Using output from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), the author ...
... Permafrost is a characteristic aspect of the terrestrial Arctic and the fate of near-surface permafrost over the next century is likely to exert strong controls on Arctic hydrology and biogeochemistry. Using output from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), the author ...
3.5.2. Water resources
... average temperature is projected to be between 1.4 and 5,8 degrees Celsius, whereas increase in sea level will be between 9 and 88 cm.1 All of these projections, particularly those which have subsequently been confirmed by current data, point to direct impacts from climate change on human health and ...
... average temperature is projected to be between 1.4 and 5,8 degrees Celsius, whereas increase in sea level will be between 9 and 88 cm.1 All of these projections, particularly those which have subsequently been confirmed by current data, point to direct impacts from climate change on human health and ...
Sample 1st Affirmative Constructive (1AC)
... elements: an explanation, an impact, and a rebuttal of the other team's arguments. Explanations are a summary of a previous argument you've made. The best explanations include both a claim (what is our argument?) and a warrant (how do we know that argument is true?) “Impacting” an argument means exp ...
... elements: an explanation, an impact, and a rebuttal of the other team's arguments. Explanations are a summary of a previous argument you've made. The best explanations include both a claim (what is our argument?) and a warrant (how do we know that argument is true?) “Impacting” an argument means exp ...
Environmental Change and Forced Migration
... With theories of climate change growing in credence and with climate scientists putting forward ever more alarming predictions regarding the potential impacts of such change, a growing number of authors put forward estimates of both the existing number of ‘environmental refugees’ and of potential f ...
... With theories of climate change growing in credence and with climate scientists putting forward ever more alarming predictions regarding the potential impacts of such change, a growing number of authors put forward estimates of both the existing number of ‘environmental refugees’ and of potential f ...
Cooling Agents
... Intuition and common sense suggest that recycling waste mitigates greenhouse gases. Now, data from all over the developed world shows this to be true. But what about the developing world? Almost 1% of the population in cities of the developing world is made up of recyclers, mostly informal and large ...
... Intuition and common sense suggest that recycling waste mitigates greenhouse gases. Now, data from all over the developed world shows this to be true. But what about the developing world? Almost 1% of the population in cities of the developing world is made up of recyclers, mostly informal and large ...
English - Association for Progressive Communications
... For research purposes, APC´s definition of ICT and environmental sustainability was used: ...
... For research purposes, APC´s definition of ICT and environmental sustainability was used: ...
India - unfccc
... project implementation phase. The exercise was coordinated by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. The elements of information comprises, as required, information on Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation besides an overview of the National Circ ...
... project implementation phase. The exercise was coordinated by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. The elements of information comprises, as required, information on Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation besides an overview of the National Circ ...
Text (Open Access) - Reading`s CentAUR
... the chemistry of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), model sensitivity studies [Shindell et al., 2009; Stevenson et al., 2013] attribute much of the increase in tropospheric ozone since 1850 to the increase in methane and NOx , with only a minor contribution from NMVOCs. This suggests t ...
... the chemistry of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), model sensitivity studies [Shindell et al., 2009; Stevenson et al., 2013] attribute much of the increase in tropospheric ozone since 1850 to the increase in methane and NOx , with only a minor contribution from NMVOCs. This suggests t ...
Climate Change Induced Vulnerability to Malaria and
... Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC) enhances capabilities in the developing world for responding to climate change by building scientific and technical capacity, advancing scientific knowledge, and linking scientific and policy communities. These activities are supportin ...
... Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC) enhances capabilities in the developing world for responding to climate change by building scientific and technical capacity, advancing scientific knowledge, and linking scientific and policy communities. These activities are supportin ...
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
... both the probability and the potential consequences of flooding into account. It is expected that climate change and socio-economic development will lead to an increase in flood risk in the Rhine basin. To optimize spatial planning and flood management measures, studies are needed that quantify futu ...
... both the probability and the potential consequences of flooding into account. It is expected that climate change and socio-economic development will lead to an increase in flood risk in the Rhine basin. To optimize spatial planning and flood management measures, studies are needed that quantify futu ...
Integrated analysis of risks of coastal flooding and cliff
... wave overtopping of the structures protecting the promenade of Great Yarmouth, is unlikely to lead to inundation due to the relative level of the hinterland. However, wave overtopping and overflow of the harbour walls at Great Yarmouth are more likely and extreme sea levels in the tidal flats of Bre ...
... wave overtopping of the structures protecting the promenade of Great Yarmouth, is unlikely to lead to inundation due to the relative level of the hinterland. However, wave overtopping and overflow of the harbour walls at Great Yarmouth are more likely and extreme sea levels in the tidal flats of Bre ...
Soil and human security in the 21st century
... Human security has and will continue to rely on Earth’s diverse soil resources. Yet we have now exploited the planet’s most productive soils. Soil erosion greatly exceeds rates of production in many agricultural regions. Nitrogen produced by fossil fuel and geological reservoirs of other fertilizers ...
... Human security has and will continue to rely on Earth’s diverse soil resources. Yet we have now exploited the planet’s most productive soils. Soil erosion greatly exceeds rates of production in many agricultural regions. Nitrogen produced by fossil fuel and geological reservoirs of other fertilizers ...