Top-down vs bottom-up - working paper version
... Second, whereas for some collective efforts the most relevant basis for effort-sharing is a country’s capacity to pay, in the climate change context this is complicated by additional factors, including varying degrees of responsibility for past and current emissions. Survey data suggest that there i ...
... Second, whereas for some collective efforts the most relevant basis for effort-sharing is a country’s capacity to pay, in the climate change context this is complicated by additional factors, including varying degrees of responsibility for past and current emissions. Survey data suggest that there i ...
Innovations LIVE - Inter-American Development Bank
... better tomorrow. That is the underlying philosophy the IDB has adopted, and the work on climate is no exception. We recognize that for climate action, three main building blocks have change the way we do things. New technology, changing financing schemes and generating policy frameworks that allows ...
... better tomorrow. That is the underlying philosophy the IDB has adopted, and the work on climate is no exception. We recognize that for climate action, three main building blocks have change the way we do things. New technology, changing financing schemes and generating policy frameworks that allows ...
NRDC - COMEX
... on the project, given that existing analyses provided to the COMEX were completed nearly six years ago and rely on information that is older still. Moreover, we stand in support of our First Nation partners, and especially the Waswanipi Cree Nation, who have repeatedly expressed their opposition to ...
... on the project, given that existing analyses provided to the COMEX were completed nearly six years ago and rely on information that is older still. Moreover, we stand in support of our First Nation partners, and especially the Waswanipi Cree Nation, who have repeatedly expressed their opposition to ...
Introduction - Department of Meteorology and Climate Science
... – Clouds absorb/reflect short wave radiation (clouds alebedo effect) – Clouds emit longwave radiation back to space – clouds absorb surface longwave radiation and keep the heat in the atmosphere to warm the surface (clouds greenhouse effect) ...
... – Clouds absorb/reflect short wave radiation (clouds alebedo effect) – Clouds emit longwave radiation back to space – clouds absorb surface longwave radiation and keep the heat in the atmosphere to warm the surface (clouds greenhouse effect) ...
Winter precipitation and cyclones in the Mediterranean region: future
... by meteorological fields from the Hadley Centre global atmospheric model HadAM3H (1.25×1.875 lat-lon horizontal resolution). Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are from corresponding simulations with the Hadley Centre global coupled model HadCM3. For more information on the model and for a general disc ...
... by meteorological fields from the Hadley Centre global atmospheric model HadAM3H (1.25×1.875 lat-lon horizontal resolution). Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are from corresponding simulations with the Hadley Centre global coupled model HadCM3. For more information on the model and for a general disc ...
Low Carbon Capital - Wellington City Council
... sense economically as well as environmentally. As such climate change policy shouldn’t exist in a vacuum siloed away from all other areas of Council policy. There are also many actions that might only result in small reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, but that have many other co-benefits which ...
... sense economically as well as environmentally. As such climate change policy shouldn’t exist in a vacuum siloed away from all other areas of Council policy. There are also many actions that might only result in small reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, but that have many other co-benefits which ...
Technical Workshop UNEP Risoe Centre, Denmark March 2010
... prepared consistent with both the domestic and global objectives. Each TAP, which will outline essential elements of an enabling framework for technology transfer consisting of market development measures, institutional, regulatory and financial measures, and human and institutional capacity de ...
... prepared consistent with both the domestic and global objectives. Each TAP, which will outline essential elements of an enabling framework for technology transfer consisting of market development measures, institutional, regulatory and financial measures, and human and institutional capacity de ...
The Nature of Weather and Climate
... •Since 1996, rate of loss from Greenland ice sheet has increased by 67% •If all of the Greenland ice sheet melted, global sea-level would rise 23 ft (7 m) •Annually, it contributes about 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) to global sea-level rise ...
... •Since 1996, rate of loss from Greenland ice sheet has increased by 67% •If all of the Greenland ice sheet melted, global sea-level would rise 23 ft (7 m) •Annually, it contributes about 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) to global sea-level rise ...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
... globalisation. One key approach that has received growing attention is the concept of sustainable development or ‘development which lasts’ (WCED 1987). Following the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and the adoption of the United Nations’ Agenda 21, the goal of sustainable development has become ...
... globalisation. One key approach that has received growing attention is the concept of sustainable development or ‘development which lasts’ (WCED 1987). Following the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and the adoption of the United Nations’ Agenda 21, the goal of sustainable development has become ...
Globally, we are using 1.4 Earths` worth of biocapacity
... year, and comparing that to humanity’s Ecological Footprint, the amount of biocapacity it requires in that time frame to produce what we consume and absorb our waste. By calculating the ratio of global available biocapacity to global Ecological Footprint and multiplying by 365, we find the number of ...
... year, and comparing that to humanity’s Ecological Footprint, the amount of biocapacity it requires in that time frame to produce what we consume and absorb our waste. By calculating the ratio of global available biocapacity to global Ecological Footprint and multiplying by 365, we find the number of ...
Islamabad Pakistan
... The Climate Change Division established a steering committee to oversee the initiative. For guidance and advice, a 6-member technical working group (TWG) was established consisting of officials from the Capital Development Authority (CDA), Islamabad Capital Territory Administration (ICTA), the Capit ...
... The Climate Change Division established a steering committee to oversee the initiative. For guidance and advice, a 6-member technical working group (TWG) was established consisting of officials from the Capital Development Authority (CDA), Islamabad Capital Territory Administration (ICTA), the Capit ...
Climate-Science Communication and the Measurement Problem
... correctly to the relatively simple Electron item. In contrast, for a relatively religious individual with a mean OSI score, the probability of giving the correct response is around 30%. This 50 percentage-point differential tells us that Evolution does not have the same relationship to the latent OS ...
... correctly to the relatively simple Electron item. In contrast, for a relatively religious individual with a mean OSI score, the probability of giving the correct response is around 30%. This 50 percentage-point differential tells us that Evolution does not have the same relationship to the latent OS ...
SASHA CAREY REED
... USGS-SBSC Nitrogen and water in bedrock. Research to explore if the nitrogen and water stored within bedrock is fueling plant growth and maintenance in dryland ecosystems. Co-PI: Mike Duniway. Awarded April 2012: $10,000 for 1 year. Mendenhall USGS. Co-PI on a proposal that has received a post-docto ...
... USGS-SBSC Nitrogen and water in bedrock. Research to explore if the nitrogen and water stored within bedrock is fueling plant growth and maintenance in dryland ecosystems. Co-PI: Mike Duniway. Awarded April 2012: $10,000 for 1 year. Mendenhall USGS. Co-PI on a proposal that has received a post-docto ...
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
... War regime were responsible for the vast majority of internal displacements of people. It is remarkable that during the first fifty years of the 20th century, most of the people displacements were hosted in Europe, Russia and China, whereas during the last fifty years of that century, the displaceme ...
... War regime were responsible for the vast majority of internal displacements of people. It is remarkable that during the first fifty years of the 20th century, most of the people displacements were hosted in Europe, Russia and China, whereas during the last fifty years of that century, the displaceme ...
Invited Commentary A simple framework for evaluating regional
... Step 3. Select appropriate climate model and variables The next step is to assess the climate models that are available to give predictions in the study area and to specify which variables are available as output from these models. Many models are available; these may be global or regional, may prov ...
... Step 3. Select appropriate climate model and variables The next step is to assess the climate models that are available to give predictions in the study area and to specify which variables are available as output from these models. Many models are available; these may be global or regional, may prov ...
The effects of climate changes on aquifer storage
... The three (one present, two future) annual series of smoothed daily recharge estimates for the Chalk and Triassic sandstone aquifers are shown in Fig. 6(a) and (b), expressed in dimensionless form. Assuming that the proportion of excess rainfall going to recharge remains constant, the percentage cha ...
... The three (one present, two future) annual series of smoothed daily recharge estimates for the Chalk and Triassic sandstone aquifers are shown in Fig. 6(a) and (b), expressed in dimensionless form. Assuming that the proportion of excess rainfall going to recharge remains constant, the percentage cha ...
White Paper on the Ethical Dimensions of Climate Change
... them here to flag their importance and to invite special reflection on these matters. We also note them here because many of the policy tools often employed to solve environmental problems such as costbenefit analysis usually do not adequately deal with these issues because they often ignore questio ...
... them here to flag their importance and to invite special reflection on these matters. We also note them here because many of the policy tools often employed to solve environmental problems such as costbenefit analysis usually do not adequately deal with these issues because they often ignore questio ...
Climate Science: Is it currently designed to answer questions
... importance of science to the nation, and argued that the government need only adequately support basic science in order for further benefits to emerge. The scientific community felt this paradigm to be an entirely appropriate response by a grateful nation. The next 20 years witnessed truly impressiv ...
... importance of science to the nation, and argued that the government need only adequately support basic science in order for further benefits to emerge. The scientific community felt this paradigm to be an entirely appropriate response by a grateful nation. The next 20 years witnessed truly impressiv ...
F_Green_Nationally_Self_Interested_Climate_Change_Mitigation (opens in new window)
... national self-interest is typically conceived in terms of economic efficiency — that is, increasing or maximising a state’s economic resources (economic benefits relative to costs). The traditional assumption is that climate change mitigation actions are net-costly for an individual state: they impo ...
... national self-interest is typically conceived in terms of economic efficiency — that is, increasing or maximising a state’s economic resources (economic benefits relative to costs). The traditional assumption is that climate change mitigation actions are net-costly for an individual state: they impo ...
Insights from the ocean carbon cycle
... The amplitude, however, is too strong, as was already shown for CCSM4 [Deser et al., 2012]. In conjunction with major volcanic eruptions (years 1258, 1452, and 1815) we find strong La Niña events and a shift of ENSO toward lower frequencies, both also visible in the sea level pressure-based Southern ...
... The amplitude, however, is too strong, as was already shown for CCSM4 [Deser et al., 2012]. In conjunction with major volcanic eruptions (years 1258, 1452, and 1815) we find strong La Niña events and a shift of ENSO toward lower frequencies, both also visible in the sea level pressure-based Southern ...
O b s e rved Impacts climate change in the U.S.
... For over a century, scientists have documented the important role that that the climate plays in the geographic distribution of the world’s ecosystems and the wildlife they support. Yet, it is now quite evident that the climate these species depend upon is changing. Global temperatures increased by ...
... For over a century, scientists have documented the important role that that the climate plays in the geographic distribution of the world’s ecosystems and the wildlife they support. Yet, it is now quite evident that the climate these species depend upon is changing. Global temperatures increased by ...
How Climate Science Became a Victim of the Cold War
... of human impact on the climate system. At present there are no robust estimates of natural climate variability on the decades to centuries timescale that is essential for evaluating the extent to which human activities have already affected the climate system, and to provide the baseline of knowledg ...
... of human impact on the climate system. At present there are no robust estimates of natural climate variability on the decades to centuries timescale that is essential for evaluating the extent to which human activities have already affected the climate system, and to provide the baseline of knowledg ...
Oceanographic Variability
... 3) Contraction or extension of the warm pool also has a major impact on tuna recruitment which varies among species. For tropical species, such as skipjack and yellowfin, El Niño events would favour recruitment through extension of warm water spawning habitat, whereas La Niña events would restricted ...
... 3) Contraction or extension of the warm pool also has a major impact on tuna recruitment which varies among species. For tropical species, such as skipjack and yellowfin, El Niño events would favour recruitment through extension of warm water spawning habitat, whereas La Niña events would restricted ...