What Controls the Strength of Snow-Albedo Feedback?
... mean of canopy albedo and ground albedo, with weights given by the fraction of vegetation coverage. In both types 1 and 2, ground albedo is given as a weighted mean of snow albedo and soil albedo, with weights determined by snow cover. And in both types, canopy reflectivity is increased when snow is ...
... mean of canopy albedo and ground albedo, with weights given by the fraction of vegetation coverage. In both types 1 and 2, ground albedo is given as a weighted mean of snow albedo and soil albedo, with weights determined by snow cover. And in both types, canopy reflectivity is increased when snow is ...
Price Caps and Price Floors in Climate Policy
... five degrees Celsius and perhaps more in the very long term, depending on still poorly understood, slow feedback. While these uncertainties should not delay action to mitigate emissions, they do make the task of setting policy objectives challenging. Benefit cost analysis is beyond reach, but abatem ...
... five degrees Celsius and perhaps more in the very long term, depending on still poorly understood, slow feedback. While these uncertainties should not delay action to mitigate emissions, they do make the task of setting policy objectives challenging. Benefit cost analysis is beyond reach, but abatem ...
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme Green Paper
... to have severe impacts on our environment. Under a high emissions scenario, average temperatures across Australia are expected to rise by up to 5 degrees by 2070. The IPCC concluded that Australia’s water resources, coastal communities, natural ecosystems, energy security, health, agriculture and to ...
... to have severe impacts on our environment. Under a high emissions scenario, average temperatures across Australia are expected to rise by up to 5 degrees by 2070. The IPCC concluded that Australia’s water resources, coastal communities, natural ecosystems, energy security, health, agriculture and to ...
Learning tool on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in agriculture, forestry and other land use sector
... • 3 to 7.2 gigatonnes of CO2eq per year in 2030 at 20 and 100 USD per tonne of CO2eq. • 70 percent of economic mitigation potential is in developing countries (IPCC, 2014a). A number of agricultural practices can not only reduce and remove GHG emissions, but can also deliver many other important ben ...
... • 3 to 7.2 gigatonnes of CO2eq per year in 2030 at 20 and 100 USD per tonne of CO2eq. • 70 percent of economic mitigation potential is in developing countries (IPCC, 2014a). A number of agricultural practices can not only reduce and remove GHG emissions, but can also deliver many other important ben ...
Thesis Statement
... substances, and the problems of excessive focus on long-term targets. The results of the stabilization analysis suggest that methane reduction will be especially valuable because of its importance in low-cost mitigation policies that are effective on timescales up to three centuries. Therefore in th ...
... substances, and the problems of excessive focus on long-term targets. The results of the stabilization analysis suggest that methane reduction will be especially valuable because of its importance in low-cost mitigation policies that are effective on timescales up to three centuries. Therefore in th ...
Pius Yanda
... The committee consists of 18 scientists selected by mutual agreement between the three sponsoring organizations and representing climate-related disciplines in atmospheric, oceanic, hydrological and cryospheric sciences. These committee provides scientific guidance for the World Climate Research Pro ...
... The committee consists of 18 scientists selected by mutual agreement between the three sponsoring organizations and representing climate-related disciplines in atmospheric, oceanic, hydrological and cryospheric sciences. These committee provides scientific guidance for the World Climate Research Pro ...
impact of climate change on extinction risk of montane tree species
... Abstract The potential impacts of climate change on many species worldwide remains unknown, especially in those tropical regions that are centers of endemism and are highly biodiverse. This thesis provides an insight into the extinction risk of selected tree species using different species distribut ...
... Abstract The potential impacts of climate change on many species worldwide remains unknown, especially in those tropical regions that are centers of endemism and are highly biodiverse. This thesis provides an insight into the extinction risk of selected tree species using different species distribut ...
Synthesis Report on Ten ASEAN Countries Disaster Risks
... tropical climate, an exception being the mountainous areas in the Indochina Peninsula that experience a milder temperature and drier landscape. A major part of the population in the region lives in riverine plains, delta and coastal plains. Hence, the most populous areas are subjected to periodic an ...
... tropical climate, an exception being the mountainous areas in the Indochina Peninsula that experience a milder temperature and drier landscape. A major part of the population in the region lives in riverine plains, delta and coastal plains. Hence, the most populous areas are subjected to periodic an ...
phenology
... Phenology which is derived from the Greek word phaino meaning to show or to appear, is the study of plant and animal life cycle events, which are triggered by environmental changes, especially temperature. Thus, timings of phenological events are ideal indicators of global change impacts. ...
... Phenology which is derived from the Greek word phaino meaning to show or to appear, is the study of plant and animal life cycle events, which are triggered by environmental changes, especially temperature. Thus, timings of phenological events are ideal indicators of global change impacts. ...
IFC Climate Implementation Plan (April 2016)
... New FI Models: There are numerous opportunities to expand the business of Financial Institutions in financing the transition to a low carbon economy. For example, IFC will use its expertise (FIG and Treasury) to help FI (and corporate) clients develop their own green bonds with IFC taking an anchor ...
... New FI Models: There are numerous opportunities to expand the business of Financial Institutions in financing the transition to a low carbon economy. For example, IFC will use its expertise (FIG and Treasury) to help FI (and corporate) clients develop their own green bonds with IFC taking an anchor ...
Strategies for Reducing the Impacts of Surface Transportation on
... Conventional LDV technology/fuel improvements can reduce CO2/mile up to 50% by 2030 ........................................................................................................................................ 20 ...
... Conventional LDV technology/fuel improvements can reduce CO2/mile up to 50% by 2030 ........................................................................................................................................ 20 ...
Climate - MSc Epidemiology
... Key Terms for Literature Reading (2) Heatwave: A heatwave is defined as a prolonged period of unusually hot weather but a standardized definition has not been agreed upon and different definitions are currently used to evaluate the impact on health. Climate change mitigation: An anthropogenic inter ...
... Key Terms for Literature Reading (2) Heatwave: A heatwave is defined as a prolonged period of unusually hot weather but a standardized definition has not been agreed upon and different definitions are currently used to evaluate the impact on health. Climate change mitigation: An anthropogenic inter ...
Rise - Adam Farcus
... Liverman, Diana M. Conventions of climate change: constructions of danger and the dispossession of the atmosphere. Journal of Historical Geography 35. p279-296. 2009. Print. Lomborg, Bjorn. Cool IT: The Skeptical Environmentalist’s Guide to Global Warming. New York: Vintage, 2010. Print. Ludlum, Rob ...
... Liverman, Diana M. Conventions of climate change: constructions of danger and the dispossession of the atmosphere. Journal of Historical Geography 35. p279-296. 2009. Print. Lomborg, Bjorn. Cool IT: The Skeptical Environmentalist’s Guide to Global Warming. New York: Vintage, 2010. Print. Ludlum, Rob ...
A few extreme events dominate global interannual variability in
... extremes in fAPAR can be likewise approximated well by a power law (Zscheischler et al 2013, Reichstein et al 2013). We also find power laws for the size distribution of extremes in GPP (here, the size of an extreme is its impact on GPP, figure A.3). The scaling exponent α is below 2 for most data s ...
... extremes in fAPAR can be likewise approximated well by a power law (Zscheischler et al 2013, Reichstein et al 2013). We also find power laws for the size distribution of extremes in GPP (here, the size of an extreme is its impact on GPP, figure A.3). The scaling exponent α is below 2 for most data s ...
Delivery agreement for outcome 10: Environmental assets and
... and development that is sustainable, creates conditions that facilitate and enhance efforts to address climate change. Due to the nature of its impacts on environmental, social and economic systems Climate Change can no longer be regarded as an environmental challenge but rather a sustainable develo ...
... and development that is sustainable, creates conditions that facilitate and enhance efforts to address climate change. Due to the nature of its impacts on environmental, social and economic systems Climate Change can no longer be regarded as an environmental challenge but rather a sustainable develo ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS - Caribbean Community Climate Change
... invaded, Belize’s water sector becomes more vulnerable. Such vulnerabilities may be exacerbated by the pressures and potential impact of climate change. Looking at the Caribbean, the percentage of days with minima or maxima warm temperature has been increased since the 1950s, while the percentage of ...
... invaded, Belize’s water sector becomes more vulnerable. Such vulnerabilities may be exacerbated by the pressures and potential impact of climate change. Looking at the Caribbean, the percentage of days with minima or maxima warm temperature has been increased since the 1950s, while the percentage of ...
Science Plan - IGOS Cryosphere
... determine ice thickness, composition and distribution. We do not know how accurate present model predictions of the sea ice responses to climate change are, since the representation of much of the physics is incomplete in many models, and it will be necessary to improve coupled models considerably t ...
... determine ice thickness, composition and distribution. We do not know how accurate present model predictions of the sea ice responses to climate change are, since the representation of much of the physics is incomplete in many models, and it will be necessary to improve coupled models considerably t ...
Workstream I: Scope, guiding principles, and cross-cutting
... flexible approach, avoiding using too rigid and restrictive criteria that could cause unfair exclusion of counties or limits their access to necessary resources to fight climate change. The criteria for accessing GCF funds should not be based primarily on the financial profitability of the projects ...
... flexible approach, avoiding using too rigid and restrictive criteria that could cause unfair exclusion of counties or limits their access to necessary resources to fight climate change. The criteria for accessing GCF funds should not be based primarily on the financial profitability of the projects ...
Geopolitical Implications of the Melting Arctic Ice Cap: Are States
... environmental heritage and improving “devolving Northern governance” (2). Although the CNS has and currently reflects Canada’s security concerns in the Arctic, it does acknowledge the need for multilateral policy in the region: Cooperation, diplomacy and international law have always been Canad ...
... environmental heritage and improving “devolving Northern governance” (2). Although the CNS has and currently reflects Canada’s security concerns in the Arctic, it does acknowledge the need for multilateral policy in the region: Cooperation, diplomacy and international law have always been Canad ...
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS AND LIVESTOCK
... induced heat stress for livestock and water demand will be vital to the location of livestock systems. Evidence from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is now overwhelmingly convincing that climate change is real that it will become worse and the poorest and most vulnerable people ...
... induced heat stress for livestock and water demand will be vital to the location of livestock systems. Evidence from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is now overwhelmingly convincing that climate change is real that it will become worse and the poorest and most vulnerable people ...
Arctic Regions: Concerns, Threats and Potential Challenges
... This review work has two main objectives; first to highlight the potential challenges/concerns as well as threats, and the magnitude of their possible impacts, that the Arctic region 1 is currently facing. These concerns are presented in general prospect regardless of the type of primary targets 2 o ...
... This review work has two main objectives; first to highlight the potential challenges/concerns as well as threats, and the magnitude of their possible impacts, that the Arctic region 1 is currently facing. These concerns are presented in general prospect regardless of the type of primary targets 2 o ...