Evidence for a Rapid Global Climate Shift across the Late 1960s
... abrupt climate shift, though usually of considerably smaller but locally quite strong, magnitude may be identified in the past century, with present-day consequences. Specifically a substantial, coordinated, worldwide change occurred in a number of major climate variables over a period of about 10 y ...
... abrupt climate shift, though usually of considerably smaller but locally quite strong, magnitude may be identified in the past century, with present-day consequences. Specifically a substantial, coordinated, worldwide change occurred in a number of major climate variables over a period of about 10 y ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... were "evaporating" our coal mines into the air. The added gas was not much compared with the volume of CO2 already in the atmosphere — the CO2 released from the burning of coal in the year 1896 would raise the level by scarcely a thousandth part. But the additions might matter if they continued long ...
... were "evaporating" our coal mines into the air. The added gas was not much compared with the volume of CO2 already in the atmosphere — the CO2 released from the burning of coal in the year 1896 would raise the level by scarcely a thousandth part. But the additions might matter if they continued long ...
How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow
... et al. 2005). In other words, the value for the 20th century is simply the mass-weighted vertical integral of specific humidity; but the value for the 21st century is the massweighted vertical integral of a specific humidity computed from the seasonally-varying mean relative humidity over the 20th c ...
... et al. 2005). In other words, the value for the 20th century is simply the mass-weighted vertical integral of specific humidity; but the value for the 21st century is the massweighted vertical integral of a specific humidity computed from the seasonally-varying mean relative humidity over the 20th c ...
Document
... Greenhouse Gas (GHG) forcing and the forcing arising from any form of solar geoengineering act differently in the shortwave and longwave components of the Earth’s energy budget and have different spatial and seasonal distributions [Kravitz et al., 2013]. As discussed in more depth below, simulations ...
... Greenhouse Gas (GHG) forcing and the forcing arising from any form of solar geoengineering act differently in the shortwave and longwave components of the Earth’s energy budget and have different spatial and seasonal distributions [Kravitz et al., 2013]. As discussed in more depth below, simulations ...
INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Chapter 11 Antarctica and Neogene
... Suggestion: The documentary produced by WGBH and Nova is centred around the ANDRILL Core, and includes excellent field and lab shots, as well as good diagrams and explanations. It is available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/earth/secrets-beneath-ice.html This would be a good video for the instruct ...
... Suggestion: The documentary produced by WGBH and Nova is centred around the ANDRILL Core, and includes excellent field and lab shots, as well as good diagrams and explanations. It is available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/earth/secrets-beneath-ice.html This would be a good video for the instruct ...
PDF
... Risk and Aversion in the Integrated Assessment of Climate Change uncertainty over climate sensitivity. Nordhaus (2008) models the impact of ex-ante uncertainty on the optimal carbon tax. For this purpose, he draws selected parameters randomly from a set of distribution and runs DICE for each realiz ...
... Risk and Aversion in the Integrated Assessment of Climate Change uncertainty over climate sensitivity. Nordhaus (2008) models the impact of ex-ante uncertainty on the optimal carbon tax. For this purpose, he draws selected parameters randomly from a set of distribution and runs DICE for each realiz ...
Effects of Drought on Plant Species Diversity and Productivity in the
... to semi-arid climate with low rainfall. Surface and subsurface water flow into Iran are very low. The main source of water is rainfall, which has an annual average of 250 mm. This amount is one-third of world and Asian rainfall. Furthermore, regionally, northern Iran receives annual average precipit ...
... to semi-arid climate with low rainfall. Surface and subsurface water flow into Iran are very low. The main source of water is rainfall, which has an annual average of 250 mm. This amount is one-third of world and Asian rainfall. Furthermore, regionally, northern Iran receives annual average precipit ...
title
... Vanuatu is highly vulnerable to all natural hazards including tropical cyclone, storm surge, coastal flood, river flood, drought, earthquake, land-slide, tsunami and volcanic eruption. Impacts from these events will be inequitably spread throughout the islands, with localized areas on low-lying isla ...
... Vanuatu is highly vulnerable to all natural hazards including tropical cyclone, storm surge, coastal flood, river flood, drought, earthquake, land-slide, tsunami and volcanic eruption. Impacts from these events will be inequitably spread throughout the islands, with localized areas on low-lying isla ...
A climate of uncertainty: accounting for error in climate variables for
... tends to occur at locations far from stations, in areas within transition zones between two or more climatic regimes (such as coastal temperature boundaries), or at elevations in the vertical transition between the boundary layer and free atmosphere during temperature inversions. PI70 also increases ...
... tends to occur at locations far from stations, in areas within transition zones between two or more climatic regimes (such as coastal temperature boundaries), or at elevations in the vertical transition between the boundary layer and free atmosphere during temperature inversions. PI70 also increases ...
Northwestern Debate Institute 2010 1 Sophomores Politics Updates
... interests. He declined to take Wall Street on regarding the financial crisis, has prepared to, but not yet fully, challenged the power of the AMA or the insurance companies, nor has he really confronted any important Democratic Party groups such as organized labor. This strategy, however, will not b ...
... interests. He declined to take Wall Street on regarding the financial crisis, has prepared to, but not yet fully, challenged the power of the AMA or the insurance companies, nor has he really confronted any important Democratic Party groups such as organized labor. This strategy, however, will not b ...
Full PDF
... The contention that human emissions are now the dominant influence on climate is simply a hypothesis, rather than a universally accepted scientific theory. It is therefore correct, indeed verging on compulsory in the scientific tradition, to be skeptical of those who express certainty that ‘the scie ...
... The contention that human emissions are now the dominant influence on climate is simply a hypothesis, rather than a universally accepted scientific theory. It is therefore correct, indeed verging on compulsory in the scientific tradition, to be skeptical of those who express certainty that ‘the scie ...
How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow
... water vapor is a reasonable first approximation, but it is not sufficiently exact to allow the quantification of the various contributions to the changes in column water vapor. It also does not take direct account of the greater degree of tropical warming at higher levels and greater fractional rate ...
... water vapor is a reasonable first approximation, but it is not sufficiently exact to allow the quantification of the various contributions to the changes in column water vapor. It also does not take direct account of the greater degree of tropical warming at higher levels and greater fractional rate ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: The Economics of Climate Change: Adaptations Past and...
... of potential climate change through international efforts to control greenhouse gas emissions. Examples include the Kyoto Protocol and other national policies to implement cap and trade programs, as well as the shifting of energy production toward less- polluting sources, such as wind and solar power ...
... of potential climate change through international efforts to control greenhouse gas emissions. Examples include the Kyoto Protocol and other national policies to implement cap and trade programs, as well as the shifting of energy production toward less- polluting sources, such as wind and solar power ...
Bopp et al, 2013
... ocean surface warming, changes in ocean salinity, modifications of density structure and stratification, as well as an increase in dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations and a decrease in seawater pH in response to ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon (Doney, 2010). These physical and chemical mo ...
... ocean surface warming, changes in ocean salinity, modifications of density structure and stratification, as well as an increase in dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations and a decrease in seawater pH in response to ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon (Doney, 2010). These physical and chemical mo ...
impacts and adaptation options in the gulf coast
... flooding. Rising sea levels also submerge or wash away vast areas of wetlands, which are important ecosystems that contain abundant varieties of plant and animal life. Because wetlands suppress hurricane-generated storm surges and waves before they reach coastal communities, wetlands loss also incre ...
... flooding. Rising sea levels also submerge or wash away vast areas of wetlands, which are important ecosystems that contain abundant varieties of plant and animal life. Because wetlands suppress hurricane-generated storm surges and waves before they reach coastal communities, wetlands loss also incre ...
Climate Change: Addressing the Impact for Human Security
... large areas could result in loss of territory, including entire countries such as small island states. More disputes over land and maritime borders and other territorial rights are likely; iv) Environmentally-induced migration (the IPCC estimates that the number could reach 50 million by the end of ...
... large areas could result in loss of territory, including entire countries such as small island states. More disputes over land and maritime borders and other territorial rights are likely; iv) Environmentally-induced migration (the IPCC estimates that the number could reach 50 million by the end of ...
Xeni Gwet`in Community-based Climate Change Adaptation Plan
... the residential school system, it is increasingly experiencing stress over resource use conflicts in their traditional territory (Xeni Gwet’in Caretaker Area) and some of the early impacts of climate change (forest fire and fish stock declines). These impacts alone have left the Xeni Gwet’in somewha ...
... the residential school system, it is increasingly experiencing stress over resource use conflicts in their traditional territory (Xeni Gwet’in Caretaker Area) and some of the early impacts of climate change (forest fire and fish stock declines). These impacts alone have left the Xeni Gwet’in somewha ...
news10-1
... (Malaysia) and Dr Arsenio Ella (Philippines). There was a general consensus that climate change is inevitable and unavoidable, and the impacts are evident in many countries. The role of science in the climate change debates shall be strengthened and there is a need to create sufficient awareness and ...
... (Malaysia) and Dr Arsenio Ella (Philippines). There was a general consensus that climate change is inevitable and unavoidable, and the impacts are evident in many countries. The role of science in the climate change debates shall be strengthened and there is a need to create sufficient awareness and ...
halifax harbour extreme water levels in the context of
... years since the tide gauge was installed in 1895), it is clear that mean sea level as measured at the gauge has been rising continuously over that time (Grant, 1970; Forbes et al., 2008). Furthermore, there is now wide consensus that the global climate is warming and that this warming will result in ...
... years since the tide gauge was installed in 1895), it is clear that mean sea level as measured at the gauge has been rising continuously over that time (Grant, 1970; Forbes et al., 2008). Furthermore, there is now wide consensus that the global climate is warming and that this warming will result in ...
The agriculture sectors in Intended Nationally Determined Contributions: summary
... SUPPORT FOR IMPLEMENTATION All of the LDCs and more than 90 percent of the other developing countries make their INDCs contingent on receiving financial and technical support. Regarding possible funding sources across various sectors, about 15 percent of all countries mention the Green Climate Fund ...
... SUPPORT FOR IMPLEMENTATION All of the LDCs and more than 90 percent of the other developing countries make their INDCs contingent on receiving financial and technical support. Regarding possible funding sources across various sectors, about 15 percent of all countries mention the Green Climate Fund ...
Quantifying Carbon Cycle Feedbacks
... independent radiative response of the climate system [although actually they are not entirely independent; e.g., see Randall et al. (2007) and Soden et al. (2008)]. Their net effect H tends to resist the imposed F, and they increase together with T until H balances F. An analogy to this ‘‘resistance ...
... independent radiative response of the climate system [although actually they are not entirely independent; e.g., see Randall et al. (2007) and Soden et al. (2008)]. Their net effect H tends to resist the imposed F, and they increase together with T until H balances F. An analogy to this ‘‘resistance ...
come heat and high water: climate risk in the southeastern us and
... chance these costs will increase by more than 38% by the end of the century. • Sea level rise along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts will likely lead to large-scale losses from damage to coastal property and infrastructure. »»The Southeast region faces the highest risks of coastal property losses in the ...
... chance these costs will increase by more than 38% by the end of the century. • Sea level rise along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts will likely lead to large-scale losses from damage to coastal property and infrastructure. »»The Southeast region faces the highest risks of coastal property losses in the ...
Role
... Barrett (2008) defines adaptation in an ICA as taking place after coalition is in place and hence ineffective in signaling other members. No credible threat. Zehaie (2009) assumes adaptation takes place before mitigation cooperation and has a strategic role, by increasing the other regions mitigatio ...
... Barrett (2008) defines adaptation in an ICA as taking place after coalition is in place and hence ineffective in signaling other members. No credible threat. Zehaie (2009) assumes adaptation takes place before mitigation cooperation and has a strategic role, by increasing the other regions mitigatio ...