Climate response to imposed solar radiation reductions in
... draw more energy from lower latitudes, thus exerting a cooling influence on those regions. While most of the increased energy transport would occur during the winter months when the meridional temperature gradient is largest, the induced moderation of ocean warming would tend to limit the GHG-induce ...
... draw more energy from lower latitudes, thus exerting a cooling influence on those regions. While most of the increased energy transport would occur during the winter months when the meridional temperature gradient is largest, the induced moderation of ocean warming would tend to limit the GHG-induce ...
Uncertainty in climate change projections: the role of internal
... series for each model. An underlying assumption of studies based on the CMIP3 archive is that the multi-model mean response to external forcing yields a more robust estimate of the forced climate signal than the response of any single model due to the reduction in uncertainty associated with model a ...
... series for each model. An underlying assumption of studies based on the CMIP3 archive is that the multi-model mean response to external forcing yields a more robust estimate of the forced climate signal than the response of any single model due to the reduction in uncertainty associated with model a ...
Thermal tolerance and climate warming sensitivity in tropical snails David J. Marshall
... August 2012, Marshall et al. 2013), on the mud surface under mangrove trees, and at the base of a mangrove tree (these records represent the combined effects of aerial conditions, solar radiation, and tidal inundation; N = 1 each, 42 days, 24 April–04 June 2012). Although the recordings based on the ...
... August 2012, Marshall et al. 2013), on the mud surface under mangrove trees, and at the base of a mangrove tree (these records represent the combined effects of aerial conditions, solar radiation, and tidal inundation; N = 1 each, 42 days, 24 April–04 June 2012). Although the recordings based on the ...
WWF Global 200 Reportfinal
... historical and fossil record. Future migration rates may need to be unprecedented if species are to keep up with climate change. It is safe to conclude that although some plants and animals will be able to keep up with the rates reported here, many others will not. Some species with low dispersal ca ...
... historical and fossil record. Future migration rates may need to be unprecedented if species are to keep up with climate change. It is safe to conclude that although some plants and animals will be able to keep up with the rates reported here, many others will not. Some species with low dispersal ca ...
M09P01Globalization
... Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) CDM projects include energy efficiency, renewable energy production, methane emission reduction, and fuel switch projects. There are CDM projects within several industrial sectors including power production; steel, cement and paper plants; renewable energy; foresta ...
... Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) CDM projects include energy efficiency, renewable energy production, methane emission reduction, and fuel switch projects. There are CDM projects within several industrial sectors including power production; steel, cement and paper plants; renewable energy; foresta ...
Historical and Idealized Climate Model Experiments: An EMIC
... the EMIC framework before they are embedded into coupled AOGCMs because development and testing is less computationally expensive. In addition, there are some processes operating within the Earth system (e.g., carbonate dissolution from sediments or chemical weathering) with very long inherent times ...
... the EMIC framework before they are embedded into coupled AOGCMs because development and testing is less computationally expensive. In addition, there are some processes operating within the Earth system (e.g., carbonate dissolution from sediments or chemical weathering) with very long inherent times ...
German GEOSS Implementation Plan (D-GIP) - D-GEO
... After the foundation of the transnational forum GEO for the development of GEOSS and the adoption of the GEOSS 10-Year Implementation Plan at the 3rd “Earth Observation Summit” in Brussels on 16 February 2005, the Federal Cabinet entrusted the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affair ...
... After the foundation of the transnational forum GEO for the development of GEOSS and the adoption of the GEOSS 10-Year Implementation Plan at the 3rd “Earth Observation Summit” in Brussels on 16 February 2005, the Federal Cabinet entrusted the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affair ...
Nature Communications Review Integrating Pliocene Geological
... change, and altered patterns of surface temperature and precipitation. The synergy between both communities is identifying challenges and methodological improvements to meet those challenges in order to enhance our understanding of global change. ...
... change, and altered patterns of surface temperature and precipitation. The synergy between both communities is identifying challenges and methodological improvements to meet those challenges in order to enhance our understanding of global change. ...
Post-fire changes in net shortwave radiation along a latitudinal
... [Flannigan et al., 2005; Balshi et al., 2009; Krawchuk and Cumming, 2011]. Fire is a common and widespread disturbance agent in boreal forest that influences ecosystem structure and function in many ways [McGuire et al., 2004; Goetz et al., 2012]. Changes in the fire regime affect climate through se ...
... [Flannigan et al., 2005; Balshi et al., 2009; Krawchuk and Cumming, 2011]. Fire is a common and widespread disturbance agent in boreal forest that influences ecosystem structure and function in many ways [McGuire et al., 2004; Goetz et al., 2012]. Changes in the fire regime affect climate through se ...
Global metabolic impacts of recent climate warming
... because warming is fastest in these regions8. In contrast, shifts in tropical regions are expected to be less marked4,8,10,11 because warming is less pronounced there8. However, biotic impacts of warming are mediated through physiology, and metabolic rate, which is a fundamental measure of physiolog ...
... because warming is fastest in these regions8. In contrast, shifts in tropical regions are expected to be less marked4,8,10,11 because warming is less pronounced there8. However, biotic impacts of warming are mediated through physiology, and metabolic rate, which is a fundamental measure of physiolog ...
Climate Change and Human Rights
... It has long been recognized that a clean, healthy and functional environment is integral to the enjoyment of human rights, such as the rights to life, health, food and an adequate standard of living. Anthropogenic climate change is the largest, most pervasive threat to the natural environment and hu ...
... It has long been recognized that a clean, healthy and functional environment is integral to the enjoyment of human rights, such as the rights to life, health, food and an adequate standard of living. Anthropogenic climate change is the largest, most pervasive threat to the natural environment and hu ...
Climate Change and Human Rights
... It has long been recognized that a clean, healthy and functional environment is integral to the enjoyment of human rights, such as the rights to life, health, food and an adequate standard of living. Anthropogenic climate change is the largest, most pervasive threat to the natural environment and hu ...
... It has long been recognized that a clean, healthy and functional environment is integral to the enjoyment of human rights, such as the rights to life, health, food and an adequate standard of living. Anthropogenic climate change is the largest, most pervasive threat to the natural environment and hu ...
at least -48 - Monash University
... A year later, at Cancún, parties formally recognised those national pledges and also recognised “that deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions are required ...so as to hold the increase in global average temperature below 2°C above pre-industrial levels... [as well as] the need to consider... st ...
... A year later, at Cancún, parties formally recognised those national pledges and also recognised “that deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions are required ...so as to hold the increase in global average temperature below 2°C above pre-industrial levels... [as well as] the need to consider... st ...
PDF - Florida Climate Change Task Force
... with a warming climate. For example, increased variability in precipitation along with hotter weather is expected to increase human demand on freshwater reserves leading to less water availability for natural systems. In Florida, this problem will be magnified by salt water intrusion from rising sea ...
... with a warming climate. For example, increased variability in precipitation along with hotter weather is expected to increase human demand on freshwater reserves leading to less water availability for natural systems. In Florida, this problem will be magnified by salt water intrusion from rising sea ...
South-South Cooperation in Technologies for Adaptation for Water
... Water and agriculture are essential for poverty reduction, sustainable development and human well being. Over 800 million people worldwide live in extreme poverty (UN, 2015), most of which live in rural areas and depend partly or completely on agriculture for their livelihoods (FAO 2016). It is esti ...
... Water and agriculture are essential for poverty reduction, sustainable development and human well being. Over 800 million people worldwide live in extreme poverty (UN, 2015), most of which live in rural areas and depend partly or completely on agriculture for their livelihoods (FAO 2016). It is esti ...
Quantifying uncertainty in the impacts of climate change on river
... emission scenario (SRES B2), Xu et al. (2009) estimate a reduction mean annual streamflow over the period 2010 to 2099 in a headwater catchment of the Yellow River Basin. Current understanding of impacts of climate change on water resources is complicated by uncertainty in both climate projections a ...
... emission scenario (SRES B2), Xu et al. (2009) estimate a reduction mean annual streamflow over the period 2010 to 2099 in a headwater catchment of the Yellow River Basin. Current understanding of impacts of climate change on water resources is complicated by uncertainty in both climate projections a ...
Climate change adaptation strategies for Australian birds
... birdwatchers of Australia to the distributional databases on which this report is based. Without their outstanding effort we would not be able to prepare for climate change or understand the processes that underlie bird distributions. We have benefited from the combined knowledge of a great many peo ...
... birdwatchers of Australia to the distributional databases on which this report is based. Without their outstanding effort we would not be able to prepare for climate change or understand the processes that underlie bird distributions. We have benefited from the combined knowledge of a great many peo ...
Pastoralism and climate change in East Africa
... Pastoralist communities are marginalised on the basis of their geographical remoteness, their ethnicity, and their livelihood, which is still seen by many governments across the region as an outmoded way of life that needs replacing with ‘modern’ livelihood systems. All too often pastoralists are no ...
... Pastoralist communities are marginalised on the basis of their geographical remoteness, their ethnicity, and their livelihood, which is still seen by many governments across the region as an outmoded way of life that needs replacing with ‘modern’ livelihood systems. All too often pastoralists are no ...
IPCC WGI AR5 Chapter Template
... convictions were driven by the strength of his outstanding scientific expertise. He was highly respected as Founding Editor of the interdisciplinary journal Climatic Change and hundreds of books and published papers, many of which were co-authored with scientists from diverse disciplines. His associ ...
... convictions were driven by the strength of his outstanding scientific expertise. He was highly respected as Founding Editor of the interdisciplinary journal Climatic Change and hundreds of books and published papers, many of which were co-authored with scientists from diverse disciplines. His associ ...
Chapter 4—Adaptation and Mitigation
... Special concerns for adaptation in parks and protected areas were developed by Baron et al. (2008, 2009) and Stephenson and Millar (in press), who emphasize the need to acknowledge that future ecosystems will differ from the past, and that fundamental changes in species and their environments will b ...
... Special concerns for adaptation in parks and protected areas were developed by Baron et al. (2008, 2009) and Stephenson and Millar (in press), who emphasize the need to acknowledge that future ecosystems will differ from the past, and that fundamental changes in species and their environments will b ...
Marine Ecosystem
... warm regime during the current cen- 1992, Trivelpiece and Fraser 1996) makes the WAP region a highly sensitive location for assessing ecologiRaymond C. Smith (e-mail: [email protected])is a professor at the Institute for cal responses to climate variability. Computational Earth System Science (ICES ...
... warm regime during the current cen- 1992, Trivelpiece and Fraser 1996) makes the WAP region a highly sensitive location for assessing ecologiRaymond C. Smith (e-mail: [email protected])is a professor at the Institute for cal responses to climate variability. Computational Earth System Science (ICES ...
Consideration of funding proposals – Addendum VI
... micro-climate related threats for semi-arid ‘hotspots’ in which the three regions, are: characterised by high rainfall variability, frequent droughts, low soil moisture and extreme events such as flash floods. These conditions are the foundation of vulnerability of the communities in the regions. Th ...
... micro-climate related threats for semi-arid ‘hotspots’ in which the three regions, are: characterised by high rainfall variability, frequent droughts, low soil moisture and extreme events such as flash floods. These conditions are the foundation of vulnerability of the communities in the regions. Th ...
Middle Receptor - Eldorado
... encouraging and patient mother, Azam, whose faithful support during all stages of this research is much appreciated. Thank you. To my late father, who unfortunately didn't stay in this world long enough ...
... encouraging and patient mother, Azam, whose faithful support during all stages of this research is much appreciated. Thank you. To my late father, who unfortunately didn't stay in this world long enough ...
international conventions, agencies, agreements and programmes
... Over this time period International priorities have also changed. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, for example, the realization that biodiversity was reducing and many species of animals and plants were under threat of extinction because of land use and climate changes. In response to the latter I ...
... Over this time period International priorities have also changed. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, for example, the realization that biodiversity was reducing and many species of animals and plants were under threat of extinction because of land use and climate changes. In response to the latter I ...