Cultural Response to Climate Change in the Holocene
... game (Dow, 2005). They did not establish permanent settlements, relocating when the seasons or climate changed. Agriculture did not start during the Pleistocene because the cold, glacial climate was not favorable to it. Richardson (2001) argues that agriculture was impossible in the Pleistocene ice ...
... game (Dow, 2005). They did not establish permanent settlements, relocating when the seasons or climate changed. Agriculture did not start during the Pleistocene because the cold, glacial climate was not favorable to it. Richardson (2001) argues that agriculture was impossible in the Pleistocene ice ...
Guatemala: Country Note on Climate Change
... potential of forests to climate change and to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the Clean Development Mechanism. As part of this, it launched a Central American Series on Forests and Climate Change14 for Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama and a re ...
... potential of forests to climate change and to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the Clean Development Mechanism. As part of this, it launched a Central American Series on Forests and Climate Change14 for Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama and a re ...
Climate variability and malaria epidemics in the highlands of East
... malaria epidemics in the East African highlands since the early 1980s. If proven, this would be an interesting result but we believe that the methods used do not test the hypothesis suggested. In their analyses, Zhou et al. [1] first aggregate meteorological time-series for two arbitrary, almost equ ...
... malaria epidemics in the East African highlands since the early 1980s. If proven, this would be an interesting result but we believe that the methods used do not test the hypothesis suggested. In their analyses, Zhou et al. [1] first aggregate meteorological time-series for two arbitrary, almost equ ...
LPO, Brest - Ocean and Climate Platform
... in atmospheric warming (Durack et al., 2014). This excess heat in the ocean is caused by direct warming from solar energy (e.g., this is the case in the Arctic due to an intensified reduction in the area of sea ice during summer) as well as thermal exchange enhanced by increasing infrared radiation ...
... in atmospheric warming (Durack et al., 2014). This excess heat in the ocean is caused by direct warming from solar energy (e.g., this is the case in the Arctic due to an intensified reduction in the area of sea ice during summer) as well as thermal exchange enhanced by increasing infrared radiation ...
The impact of global climatic changes on the aquatic environment
... The average air temperature near the Earth’s surface over the past century shows a lot of variability due to influences such as volcanic eruptions, variations in the heat from the sun and other natural phenomenal changes involving earth, seas, and air [39]. One major cause behind the ascending rise ...
... The average air temperature near the Earth’s surface over the past century shows a lot of variability due to influences such as volcanic eruptions, variations in the heat from the sun and other natural phenomenal changes involving earth, seas, and air [39]. One major cause behind the ascending rise ...
Sensitivity of Twentieth-Century Sahel Rainfall to
... one model integration, and PDSO2 consisted of two integrations with different initial conditions (see Table 1). Each of the FUT experiments had a combination of perturbations to sulfur cycle physics and initial conditions to provide an ensemble of 243 members [more details can be found in Ackerley e ...
... one model integration, and PDSO2 consisted of two integrations with different initial conditions (see Table 1). Each of the FUT experiments had a combination of perturbations to sulfur cycle physics and initial conditions to provide an ensemble of 243 members [more details can be found in Ackerley e ...
Working Paper WP 2015-06 April 2015
... corrective taxes or subsidies which change the price in the market in question to better reflect social scarcity. The simplest and best known example is when the output of a polluter, who is using up clean air or clean water without paying for it, is taxed to account for the full social costs of the ...
... corrective taxes or subsidies which change the price in the market in question to better reflect social scarcity. The simplest and best known example is when the output of a polluter, who is using up clean air or clean water without paying for it, is taxed to account for the full social costs of the ...
climate change brochure
... 2. Sectoral analyses: Workshops and assessments are being carried out to characterize the potential consequences of climate variability and change for major sectors that cut across environmental, economic, and societal interests. The sectoral studies analyze how the consequences in each region affec ...
... 2. Sectoral analyses: Workshops and assessments are being carried out to characterize the potential consequences of climate variability and change for major sectors that cut across environmental, economic, and societal interests. The sectoral studies analyze how the consequences in each region affec ...
Document
... 1.85% per year to 1.70% is marginal (FAO, 1999). The same FAO study also projected an increase in the cereal crop production by 90% from present 1.8 billion tons during next two decades as well as drastic raise in per capita food consumption, balancing the production gains. Since these projections a ...
... 1.85% per year to 1.70% is marginal (FAO, 1999). The same FAO study also projected an increase in the cereal crop production by 90% from present 1.8 billion tons during next two decades as well as drastic raise in per capita food consumption, balancing the production gains. Since these projections a ...
Climate changes of the twentieth through twenty-first
... state-of-the-art climate models (e.g., Johns et al., 2001; Dai et al., 2001). The Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) also contributed to the TAR with results from a climate model newly developed at that time, MRI-CGCM2.0 (Yukimoto et al., 2001). MRI-CGCM2.0 has been updated and released as MRI ...
... state-of-the-art climate models (e.g., Johns et al., 2001; Dai et al., 2001). The Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) also contributed to the TAR with results from a climate model newly developed at that time, MRI-CGCM2.0 (Yukimoto et al., 2001). MRI-CGCM2.0 has been updated and released as MRI ...
Understanding Ocean Acidification
... impact than either on its own. Warming and acidification together result in faster reef degradation. Recent research by scientists has shown that coral will die at much lower temperatures if exposed to acidity at the same timev. Other animals, such as crabs, show more sensitivity to warming when pla ...
... impact than either on its own. Warming and acidification together result in faster reef degradation. Recent research by scientists has shown that coral will die at much lower temperatures if exposed to acidity at the same timev. Other animals, such as crabs, show more sensitivity to warming when pla ...
Overview of climate science and international circumstances
... timescales and at smaller spatial scales. Large volcanic eruptions, when they occur, will lower global temperature for a year or two. A major downswing in solar activity over several decades, considered possible but unlikely, would also lower global temperature by a few tenths of a degree. There is ...
... timescales and at smaller spatial scales. Large volcanic eruptions, when they occur, will lower global temperature for a year or two. A major downswing in solar activity over several decades, considered possible but unlikely, would also lower global temperature by a few tenths of a degree. There is ...
Jordan Country Report
... wastewater treatment plants to generate electricity and achieve reductions in GHG emissions. This line of development will be presented in detail in the mitigation part of the report. Nitrous Oxide emissions from human sewage was calculated based on the expected population growth in Jordan as publis ...
... wastewater treatment plants to generate electricity and achieve reductions in GHG emissions. This line of development will be presented in detail in the mitigation part of the report. Nitrous Oxide emissions from human sewage was calculated based on the expected population growth in Jordan as publis ...
Read this first
... of more than one third of the world’s population. How might it change in the future? Climate models suggest an increase in summer rainfall over India – on average Simulations with the Met Office coupled ocean-atmosphere model (HadCM3) suggest a robust Asian summer monsoon indeed precipitation increa ...
... of more than one third of the world’s population. How might it change in the future? Climate models suggest an increase in summer rainfall over India – on average Simulations with the Met Office coupled ocean-atmosphere model (HadCM3) suggest a robust Asian summer monsoon indeed precipitation increa ...
Globally averaged temperatures have increased since the mid
... measurements of sulfate and light scattering by aerosols show that the highest recorded levels of Arctic Haze occurred in the 1980s and early 1990s. Levels then decreased through the end of the 1990s primarily due to reductions in industrial emissions in the early years of the new Eurasian republics ...
... measurements of sulfate and light scattering by aerosols show that the highest recorded levels of Arctic Haze occurred in the 1980s and early 1990s. Levels then decreased through the end of the 1990s primarily due to reductions in industrial emissions in the early years of the new Eurasian republics ...
1AC – BIT – “Tear down that wall” edition
... fueled by government-led investment and the export of manufactured goods, many of them to the American market. China’s leadership is now navigating a difficult transition from an investment-led to a consumer-driven model. In a nation of 1.4bn people with a $10tn economy, this transition is a signifi ...
... fueled by government-led investment and the export of manufactured goods, many of them to the American market. China’s leadership is now navigating a difficult transition from an investment-led to a consumer-driven model. In a nation of 1.4bn people with a $10tn economy, this transition is a signifi ...
Format job description JPO/ASSOCIATE EXPERT/APO
... communication material to inform member States of challenges and opportunities, the development of a Action Plan on Energy Efficiency in Housing for the UNECE region (at the request of the UN Economic Commission for Europe), and the development of specific activities to promote tools for climate neu ...
... communication material to inform member States of challenges and opportunities, the development of a Action Plan on Energy Efficiency in Housing for the UNECE region (at the request of the UN Economic Commission for Europe), and the development of specific activities to promote tools for climate neu ...
climate change and the hydrological cycle
... balance. Furthermore, water vapour and ozone, although not directly emitted like the other trace gases, are also highly important, natural greenhouse gases with concentrations that vary according to atmospheric feedbacks. These greenhouse gases allow solar radiation to pass through the atmosphere fr ...
... balance. Furthermore, water vapour and ozone, although not directly emitted like the other trace gases, are also highly important, natural greenhouse gases with concentrations that vary according to atmospheric feedbacks. These greenhouse gases allow solar radiation to pass through the atmosphere fr ...
Three Whales on Whom the World Rests: God, Creation and
... These statements are essential for the current project. They pave the way for further research in how natural objects are used as “symbols”. By this opposition of the West and East we have two strata of the use of symbols. The first one carries on the ancient tradition (East); the second – upper one ...
... These statements are essential for the current project. They pave the way for further research in how natural objects are used as “symbols”. By this opposition of the West and East we have two strata of the use of symbols. The first one carries on the ancient tradition (East); the second – upper one ...
climate and health country profile – 2015 nigeria
... • Under a high emissions scenario, mean annual temperature is projected to rise by about 4.9°C on average from 1990 to 2100. If emissions decrease rapidly, the temperature rise is limited to about 1.4°C. • Under a high emissions scenario, and without large investments in adaptation, an annual aver ...
... • Under a high emissions scenario, mean annual temperature is projected to rise by about 4.9°C on average from 1990 to 2100. If emissions decrease rapidly, the temperature rise is limited to about 1.4°C. • Under a high emissions scenario, and without large investments in adaptation, an annual aver ...
Sensor Workbook Ver2.0 - Triple Helix
... with food, goods, medicines, and many other products. They also play a vital role in nutrient cycling, water purification, and climate moderation. Biodiversity: Climate change can have broad effects on biodiversity (the number and variety of plant and animal species in a particular location). Althou ...
... with food, goods, medicines, and many other products. They also play a vital role in nutrient cycling, water purification, and climate moderation. Biodiversity: Climate change can have broad effects on biodiversity (the number and variety of plant and animal species in a particular location). Althou ...
PDF
... Adaptations can involve actions that, following IPCC (2014), alter management, infrastructure, technology, information, education, institutions, norms, behavior, emergency response, and public assistance. There are also natural adaptations with, for example, birds, pests, and fish moving their geogr ...
... Adaptations can involve actions that, following IPCC (2014), alter management, infrastructure, technology, information, education, institutions, norms, behavior, emergency response, and public assistance. There are also natural adaptations with, for example, birds, pests, and fish moving their geogr ...
Detection and attribution
... The analysis, to what extent the observed 15-year trend is consistent with the ensemble of 15 year trends generated in the A1B and RCP4.5 scenarios does not constitute a statistical test The ensemble can not be framed as realizations of a random variable, because the population of “valid” A1B or RCP ...
... The analysis, to what extent the observed 15-year trend is consistent with the ensemble of 15 year trends generated in the A1B and RCP4.5 scenarios does not constitute a statistical test The ensemble can not be framed as realizations of a random variable, because the population of “valid” A1B or RCP ...
D. José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero Presidencia del gobierno
... As with all infrastructure related investments, investments in renewable energy projects are very long-term and only possible if assisted by policies that support a relatively safe long-term assessment of expected risks and returns. Where the credibility of support mechanisms for existing investmen ...
... As with all infrastructure related investments, investments in renewable energy projects are very long-term and only possible if assisted by policies that support a relatively safe long-term assessment of expected risks and returns. Where the credibility of support mechanisms for existing investmen ...
Slide 1
... Predictions of natural climate variability on seasonal to centennial timescales, and the human impact on climate are inherently probabilistic due to uncertainties in: initial conditions representation of key processes within models climatic forcing factors Reliable forecasts and estimates of c ...
... Predictions of natural climate variability on seasonal to centennial timescales, and the human impact on climate are inherently probabilistic due to uncertainties in: initial conditions representation of key processes within models climatic forcing factors Reliable forecasts and estimates of c ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.