National Development Plan: Vision for 2030
... Mitigation Potential Study; Cabinets vision of a peak, plateau and decline trajectory (2008); and South Africas Copenhagen Pledge (2009). The National Climate Change Response White Paper clarifies this ambition through quantifying the business-as-usual trajectory, against which the efficacy of Sou ...
... Mitigation Potential Study; Cabinets vision of a peak, plateau and decline trajectory (2008); and South Africas Copenhagen Pledge (2009). The National Climate Change Response White Paper clarifies this ambition through quantifying the business-as-usual trajectory, against which the efficacy of Sou ...
Greenhouse Gas Challenges
... Standard – in the negative “unless management determines not reasonably likely…” And if “material,” then disclosure ...
... Standard – in the negative “unless management determines not reasonably likely…” And if “material,” then disclosure ...
Climate change and groundwater: a short review Geological Society
... defined at present. In any case, today, there is an unanimous consensus on the forecast that the warming will persist for decades, no matter what action is taken (Michaels 2005; Singer & Avery 2006; Trenberth et al. 2006; IPCC 2007). As the warming process continues, it will bring about numerous env ...
... defined at present. In any case, today, there is an unanimous consensus on the forecast that the warming will persist for decades, no matter what action is taken (Michaels 2005; Singer & Avery 2006; Trenberth et al. 2006; IPCC 2007). As the warming process continues, it will bring about numerous env ...
The Role of CCS as a Mitigation Option within the IPCC
... • Geological storage: likely at least about 2,000 GtCO2 in geological formations "Likely" is a probability between 66 and 90%. ...
... • Geological storage: likely at least about 2,000 GtCO2 in geological formations "Likely" is a probability between 66 and 90%. ...
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... Prepare and draft a catalogue of impacts, vulnerabilities and adaption options and subsequently prepare a draft strategy for public consultation. ...
... Prepare and draft a catalogue of impacts, vulnerabilities and adaption options and subsequently prepare a draft strategy for public consultation. ...
Climate notes
... • Even short-term changes in the climate may lead to long-lasting effects that may make the survival of life on Earth more difficult for both humans and other species. • Some of these potential climate changes include global warming, sea-level changes, and changes in precipitation. Chapter menu ...
... • Even short-term changes in the climate may lead to long-lasting effects that may make the survival of life on Earth more difficult for both humans and other species. • Some of these potential climate changes include global warming, sea-level changes, and changes in precipitation. Chapter menu ...
Surveying the impact. The day after tomorrow
... became less worried. Again, some commentators had warned that The Day After Tomorrow would so trivialize global climate change that the public would subsequently dismiss the whole issue. This forecast was clearly incorrect. Overall, watchers and nonwatchers demonstrated high levels of concern about ...
... became less worried. Again, some commentators had warned that The Day After Tomorrow would so trivialize global climate change that the public would subsequently dismiss the whole issue. This forecast was clearly incorrect. Overall, watchers and nonwatchers demonstrated high levels of concern about ...
Climate Change
... Carbon dioxide is not the only greenhouse gas, but it is the main contributor to warming. Other important greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide and methane, both of which have increased in the last century. • The concentration of carbon dioxide has increased primarily due to burning of fossil fuels ...
... Carbon dioxide is not the only greenhouse gas, but it is the main contributor to warming. Other important greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide and methane, both of which have increased in the last century. • The concentration of carbon dioxide has increased primarily due to burning of fossil fuels ...
Expected impacts of climate change on extreme climate events
... the sea surface and at the frontiers of the domain for a limited area model – need to be specified from a global AOGCM, this method is equivalent to a downscaling of the information given by this global model. The forcing of the regional climate model is thus specified through these boundary conditi ...
... the sea surface and at the frontiers of the domain for a limited area model – need to be specified from a global AOGCM, this method is equivalent to a downscaling of the information given by this global model. The forcing of the regional climate model is thus specified through these boundary conditi ...
Rahmstorf2012-ComparingClimateProjections-to-Obse+
... activity and total solar irradiance data for solar variability (optical thickness data for the year 2011 were not yet available, but since no major volcanic eruption occurred in 2011 we assumed zero volcanic forcing). These contributions were computed separately for each of the five available global ...
... activity and total solar irradiance data for solar variability (optical thickness data for the year 2011 were not yet available, but since no major volcanic eruption occurred in 2011 we assumed zero volcanic forcing). These contributions were computed separately for each of the five available global ...
... iii. Why this project is not "business as usual" or already required by law; IV. How the emissions reductions are measured and monitored; v. Whether the reductions are verified by an independent source; Vl. Whether there are safeguards to prevent the emissions reduction from being sold twice; Vll. ...
here - Resilient Cities
... literature have not been used in practice. Instead best practice guidelines for good design and good organisation are increasingly perceived as efficient tools to encourage and promote resilience and deliver a level of reassurance not otherwise available through specific indicators; Little empirical ...
... literature have not been used in practice. Instead best practice guidelines for good design and good organisation are increasingly perceived as efficient tools to encourage and promote resilience and deliver a level of reassurance not otherwise available through specific indicators; Little empirical ...
PDF
... The authors set out to examine the implications for the reliability of irrigation of changes in water availability and the demand for water for crops. The study also explores how effectively different adaptation options maintain the level of reliability. The authors develop a methodological approach ...
... The authors set out to examine the implications for the reliability of irrigation of changes in water availability and the demand for water for crops. The study also explores how effectively different adaptation options maintain the level of reliability. The authors develop a methodological approach ...
Climate change impacts in European forests: the expert views
... Norway spruce is expected to retreat from its actual range towards higher altitudes and colder regions. Continental zone As for the Atlantic zone, forest productivity in the Continental zone is expected to increase with rising temperature and CO2 concentrations, only at sites with sufficient water a ...
... Norway spruce is expected to retreat from its actual range towards higher altitudes and colder regions. Continental zone As for the Atlantic zone, forest productivity in the Continental zone is expected to increase with rising temperature and CO2 concentrations, only at sites with sufficient water a ...
1. a) Climate Variability-Bd-Frog Extinctions b) Hydric restriction, Te
... • There would many fewer non-causal explanations for this correlation than the multidecadal relationship between declines and temperature ...
... • There would many fewer non-causal explanations for this correlation than the multidecadal relationship between declines and temperature ...
The scientific case for a cumulative carbon budget
... Implications for mitigation policy Many national and international policies still treat climate change as a flow problem, focusing on reducing the overall rate of greenhouse gas emissions in 2020, 2030 or 2050. But while reducing the rate of accumulation of CO2 emissions buys time, it does not solve ...
... Implications for mitigation policy Many national and international policies still treat climate change as a flow problem, focusing on reducing the overall rate of greenhouse gas emissions in 2020, 2030 or 2050. But while reducing the rate of accumulation of CO2 emissions buys time, it does not solve ...
Are the Costs of Climate Change Mitigation Policies
... consumption is due to reduced food availability and higher food prices. In countries where agriculture is a major employer in the economy the earnings of poor, nonfarm households might be significantly affected through changes in market wages when there is a significant shock to agricultural product ...
... consumption is due to reduced food availability and higher food prices. In countries where agriculture is a major employer in the economy the earnings of poor, nonfarm households might be significantly affected through changes in market wages when there is a significant shock to agricultural product ...
Student Pages
... realize that your sense of what is “normal” weather at any particular time of the year may actually be very different from someone living elsewhere. Whether the days are cold or warm, rainy or dry, sunny or partly cloudy, you become used to the conditions you expect in your home place. But what if t ...
... realize that your sense of what is “normal” weather at any particular time of the year may actually be very different from someone living elsewhere. Whether the days are cold or warm, rainy or dry, sunny or partly cloudy, you become used to the conditions you expect in your home place. But what if t ...
On the Road to Paris: How Can the EU Avoid Failure at the UN
... In the negotiation process towards Paris, the EU’s objectives are similar. Again, the EU aims for a protocol under which all parties commit to legally-binding mitigation objectives that ensure the highest possible mitigation efforts to keep the global temperature increase below 2oC from pre-industri ...
... In the negotiation process towards Paris, the EU’s objectives are similar. Again, the EU aims for a protocol under which all parties commit to legally-binding mitigation objectives that ensure the highest possible mitigation efforts to keep the global temperature increase below 2oC from pre-industri ...
Document
... IPCC 2014 WGIII Figure SPM.1. Total annual GHG emissions by groups of gases 1970-2010: CO2 from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes (yellow); CO2 from Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU; orange); CH4 (light blue); N2O (blue); fluorinated gases (F-gases, dark blue). All emissions are repor ...
... IPCC 2014 WGIII Figure SPM.1. Total annual GHG emissions by groups of gases 1970-2010: CO2 from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes (yellow); CO2 from Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU; orange); CH4 (light blue); N2O (blue); fluorinated gases (F-gases, dark blue). All emissions are repor ...
Template
... equity implications. These equity considerations have domestic and international dimensions, and implications for both present and future human generations, and for the survival of other species. 1.6.2 [Insert Local Government here] acknowledges that climate equity has both domestic and internationa ...
... equity implications. These equity considerations have domestic and international dimensions, and implications for both present and future human generations, and for the survival of other species. 1.6.2 [Insert Local Government here] acknowledges that climate equity has both domestic and internationa ...
By Slowing Population Growth, Family Planning Can Help Address
... An estimated 225 million women in developing countries lack affordable access to high quality voluntary family planning services. Meeting the already existing need for modern contraceptive services would contribute to improved health; foster social justice; decrease the need to expand health facilit ...
... An estimated 225 million women in developing countries lack affordable access to high quality voluntary family planning services. Meeting the already existing need for modern contraceptive services would contribute to improved health; foster social justice; decrease the need to expand health facilit ...
Regional Climate Messages for East Africa
... Over the past half century there has been substantial multi-decadal variability in rainfall. Parts of central Ethiopia were unusually wet in the 1970s and unusually dry in the 1980s and 1990s, while other parts of East Africa experienced the opposite pattern. Temperatures across the region have incr ...
... Over the past half century there has been substantial multi-decadal variability in rainfall. Parts of central Ethiopia were unusually wet in the 1970s and unusually dry in the 1980s and 1990s, while other parts of East Africa experienced the opposite pattern. Temperatures across the region have incr ...
Scenari_Uncert_Impac.. - The Global Change Program at the
... Increased damage to coastal ecosystems such as coral re efs and mangrove s Intensified droughts and floods Decreased agr icultural and rangeland productivity in drought- and flood-prone associated with El Niño events in many ...
... Increased damage to coastal ecosystems such as coral re efs and mangrove s Intensified droughts and floods Decreased agr icultural and rangeland productivity in drought- and flood-prone associated with El Niño events in many ...
Assessment of climate change in Europe from an ensemble of
... domain excludes the north of Scandinavia, a larger additional area was also selected (hereafter DOM 2). In this case, the number of simulations available (11) is less than for the other domain (15). The reason why two different domains (Figure 1) are used is that by using the maximum common domain ( ...
... domain excludes the north of Scandinavia, a larger additional area was also selected (hereafter DOM 2). In this case, the number of simulations available (11) is less than for the other domain (15). The reason why two different domains (Figure 1) are used is that by using the maximum common domain ( ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.