Can we trust the simulated gravity
... • Robustness depends on enforcing momentum conservation • Without momentum conservation, model intercomparisons will be ill-posed ...
... • Robustness depends on enforcing momentum conservation • Without momentum conservation, model intercomparisons will be ill-posed ...
PDF
... little, too fast”; developing countries should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately addressed by most proposals. ...
... little, too fast”; developing countries should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately addressed by most proposals. ...
successful adaptation implementation
... Cities around the world are preparing for a changing climate. There is no shortage of ideas concerning how cities might reduce the production of greenhouse gases or adapt to a warming planet. There are, though, significant challenges associated with making such ideas actionable. What does it take to ...
... Cities around the world are preparing for a changing climate. There is no shortage of ideas concerning how cities might reduce the production of greenhouse gases or adapt to a warming planet. There are, though, significant challenges associated with making such ideas actionable. What does it take to ...
Briefing_note_on_legal_synergies
... greenhouse gases, certain provisions of the UNFCCC and KP explicitly limit their scope to “greenhouse gases not controlled under the MP.”7 HFCs fall within the scope of the relevant provisions of the UNFCCC and KP by virtue of being greenhouse gases (GHGs) not controlled by the MP and are also expli ...
... greenhouse gases, certain provisions of the UNFCCC and KP explicitly limit their scope to “greenhouse gases not controlled under the MP.”7 HFCs fall within the scope of the relevant provisions of the UNFCCC and KP by virtue of being greenhouse gases (GHGs) not controlled by the MP and are also expli ...
International Perspectives on Disaster Management and
... disaster reduction policies and actions Stimulate interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral partnerships, including the expansion of risk reduction ...
... disaster reduction policies and actions Stimulate interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral partnerships, including the expansion of risk reduction ...
ffectiveness of a Segmental Approach to Climate Policy E * Jessika E. Trancik,
... infrastructure based on a global power plant database.36 We developed several metrics to assess the impediment infrastructural inertia poses to emissions reduction. The metrics included the committed infrastructure, in units of capacity, the expected future energy generation from these power plants, ...
... infrastructure based on a global power plant database.36 We developed several metrics to assess the impediment infrastructural inertia poses to emissions reduction. The metrics included the committed infrastructure, in units of capacity, the expected future energy generation from these power plants, ...
Briefing_note_on_legal_synergies
... greenhouse gases, certain provisions of the UNFCCC and KP explicitly limit their scope to “greenhouse gases not controlled under the MP.”7 HFCs fall within the scope of the relevant provisions of the UNFCCC and KP by virtue of being greenhouse gases (GHGs) not controlled by the MP and are also expli ...
... greenhouse gases, certain provisions of the UNFCCC and KP explicitly limit their scope to “greenhouse gases not controlled under the MP.”7 HFCs fall within the scope of the relevant provisions of the UNFCCC and KP by virtue of being greenhouse gases (GHGs) not controlled by the MP and are also expli ...
Integration of Ocean Observations into an Ecosystem Approach to
... Achieving the transition to EBM is complicated by the large size of many US marine ecosystems and the geographic scope mandated for their management, and by the global scale of atmospheric and oceanic forcing. It must consider the current single-issue (and scale) management approach, state and fede ...
... Achieving the transition to EBM is complicated by the large size of many US marine ecosystems and the geographic scope mandated for their management, and by the global scale of atmospheric and oceanic forcing. It must consider the current single-issue (and scale) management approach, state and fede ...
Estimating Effects of Tidal Power Projects and Climate Change on
... to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. We considered how tidal power development and stressors resulting from climate change may affect Puget Sound species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) and their food web. We used risk tables to assess the singular and combined ...
... to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. We considered how tidal power development and stressors resulting from climate change may affect Puget Sound species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) and their food web. We used risk tables to assess the singular and combined ...
US Virgin Islands Climate Change Ecosystem
... There is a growing volume of evidence that suggests in some situations, the most successful and cost-effective actions to protect people from the impacts of climate change is to preserve, enhance and restore natural systems that provide critical protection from the elements, or that provide food, wa ...
... There is a growing volume of evidence that suggests in some situations, the most successful and cost-effective actions to protect people from the impacts of climate change is to preserve, enhance and restore natural systems that provide critical protection from the elements, or that provide food, wa ...
studies
... concentrations at roughly 450 and 500 ppm CO2e in 2100. Overshoot of these forcing targets before 2100 is allowed. The choice of climate target should be understood as a proxy for the stringency of the global cap on future emissions that is implied by a potential climate treaty. It is not implied th ...
... concentrations at roughly 450 and 500 ppm CO2e in 2100. Overshoot of these forcing targets before 2100 is allowed. The choice of climate target should be understood as a proxy for the stringency of the global cap on future emissions that is implied by a potential climate treaty. It is not implied th ...
Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making: The important
... different reasons: 1) the climate model information is at spatial and temporal scales too coarse a scale for most impact modeling (200-500 km and monthly averages) that often do not well represent local climate impacts; 2) General Circulation Models (GCMs, also known as global climate models) output ...
... different reasons: 1) the climate model information is at spatial and temporal scales too coarse a scale for most impact modeling (200-500 km and monthly averages) that often do not well represent local climate impacts; 2) General Circulation Models (GCMs, also known as global climate models) output ...
The impacts of climate change at Mount Rainier
... increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.” -Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007 Average annual temperature in the Pacific Northwest has increased 0.83ºC (1.5ºF) since 1920 and is projected to in ...
... increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.” -Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007 Average annual temperature in the Pacific Northwest has increased 0.83ºC (1.5ºF) since 1920 and is projected to in ...
paper - IASC Network on Arctic Glaciology
... of glaciers, ice sheets and ice caps, the Arctic region is of particular importance. Although it has a relatively cold climate, all glaciers and ice caps found there are subject to considerable melting and runoff in summer. Therefore Arctic glaciers and ice caps are sensitive to climatic change: a s ...
... of glaciers, ice sheets and ice caps, the Arctic region is of particular importance. Although it has a relatively cold climate, all glaciers and ice caps found there are subject to considerable melting and runoff in summer. Therefore Arctic glaciers and ice caps are sensitive to climatic change: a s ...
Physiology and Ecology to Inform Climate Adaptation Strategies for
... rainfall large enough to potentially support reproduction. Hence, management strategies for amphibians in general may not apply to anurans in temperate and subtropical deserts. Sustaining populations of desert amphibians is complex in that we are managing species assemblages that are relatively vuln ...
... rainfall large enough to potentially support reproduction. Hence, management strategies for amphibians in general may not apply to anurans in temperate and subtropical deserts. Sustaining populations of desert amphibians is complex in that we are managing species assemblages that are relatively vuln ...
- FUND - Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation
... (1996), and Tsigas et al. (1996). These studies all use a global computable general equilibrium model, and report results with and without adaptation, and with and without CO2 fertilisation. The regional results from these studies are assumed to hold for each country in the respective regions. They ...
... (1996), and Tsigas et al. (1996). These studies all use a global computable general equilibrium model, and report results with and without adaptation, and with and without CO2 fertilisation. The regional results from these studies are assumed to hold for each country in the respective regions. They ...
Format PDF press here
... March is strongly correlated with the DJF (December–January–February) NAO index. They found also that the relation was the strongest with a lag of two months, the time necessary for the cooling signal to propagate from North Africa to Central Asia, in a quasi-barotropic structure for the whole tropo ...
... March is strongly correlated with the DJF (December–January–February) NAO index. They found also that the relation was the strongest with a lag of two months, the time necessary for the cooling signal to propagate from North Africa to Central Asia, in a quasi-barotropic structure for the whole tropo ...
STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH WEATHER CHANGES ADOPTED REGION HIGH SCHOOLS, SWAZILAND
... Prolonged weather changes often have deleterious effects on crops, animals and soils. An investigation was conducted to determine the coping strategies adopted by students and teachers of High Schools in Shiselweni Region of Swaziland, to mitigate or eliminate the adverse effects of weather changes. ...
... Prolonged weather changes often have deleterious effects on crops, animals and soils. An investigation was conducted to determine the coping strategies adopted by students and teachers of High Schools in Shiselweni Region of Swaziland, to mitigate or eliminate the adverse effects of weather changes. ...
Resources How to Evaluate Domestic Climate Policy Options 14
... years and was the first recipient of the Darius Gaskins Senior Fellowship. Her work seeks to improve the design of incentive-based environmental regulations that influence the electric utility sector, including controls of multipollutants and carbon emissions. p. 19 Ian W.H. Parry, an RFF senior fel ...
... years and was the first recipient of the Darius Gaskins Senior Fellowship. Her work seeks to improve the design of incentive-based environmental regulations that influence the electric utility sector, including controls of multipollutants and carbon emissions. p. 19 Ian W.H. Parry, an RFF senior fel ...
Extracting and analyzing the warming trend in
... natural variability and data adjustments do not explain in any way the hiatus, they simply mask its presence. We believe these results are very interesting and should spur additional debates about the causes of the hiatus. The PCA results are also able to reconcile the di¤erence in the estimates of ...
... natural variability and data adjustments do not explain in any way the hiatus, they simply mask its presence. We believe these results are very interesting and should spur additional debates about the causes of the hiatus. The PCA results are also able to reconcile the di¤erence in the estimates of ...
12 International climate change agreements What is covered in this chapter?
... meant for them5. Most countries waited during that period for so-called ‘ratification’ (the formal approval through Parliament or otherwise). President Clinton and vice-president Gore basically kept silent during that period and did not attempt to convince the people or the Congress about the need f ...
... meant for them5. Most countries waited during that period for so-called ‘ratification’ (the formal approval through Parliament or otherwise). President Clinton and vice-president Gore basically kept silent during that period and did not attempt to convince the people or the Congress about the need f ...
Adapting to change – forming new habits
... supplies, water reuse) are central to the region’s adaptation strategy. These actions are (a) consistent with the region’s requirements as its population grows in the coming 30 years and (b) will also assist with other key sectors in the Region that were not specifically addressed in this Plan (beca ...
... supplies, water reuse) are central to the region’s adaptation strategy. These actions are (a) consistent with the region’s requirements as its population grows in the coming 30 years and (b) will also assist with other key sectors in the Region that were not specifically addressed in this Plan (beca ...
Deep-ocean contribution to sea level and energy budget - e
... series has a linear trend of 2.0 ± 0.1 mm yr−1 . The uncertainties quoted here (and throughout unless otherwise noted) represent random errors plus the formal error from the linear fit estimated as described in Methods. Systematic errors (that is, temporally correlated) are dealt with separately, as ...
... series has a linear trend of 2.0 ± 0.1 mm yr−1 . The uncertainties quoted here (and throughout unless otherwise noted) represent random errors plus the formal error from the linear fit estimated as described in Methods. Systematic errors (that is, temporally correlated) are dealt with separately, as ...
10584_2014_1078_MOESM1_ESM
... these documents cannot be interpreted as complete inventories of adaptation in each country, they do indicate the nature and depth of adaptation efforts. Owing to the principal of common but differentiated responsibility enshrined in the FCCC, reporting obligations differ between Annex I and non-Ann ...
... these documents cannot be interpreted as complete inventories of adaptation in each country, they do indicate the nature and depth of adaptation efforts. Owing to the principal of common but differentiated responsibility enshrined in the FCCC, reporting obligations differ between Annex I and non-Ann ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.