Adapting bridge infrastructure to climate change: institutionalizing resilience in intergovernmental transportation planning
... for improvement include standardization and digitization of records, infrastructure resilience monitoring, the expansion of asset inventories, and updating project prioritization guidelines (Johnson 2012). Not long after Tropical Storm Irene, in 2012, Super Storm Sandy caused approximately $5.7 bill ...
... for improvement include standardization and digitization of records, infrastructure resilience monitoring, the expansion of asset inventories, and updating project prioritization guidelines (Johnson 2012). Not long after Tropical Storm Irene, in 2012, Super Storm Sandy caused approximately $5.7 bill ...
Recent developments on the South American monsoon system
... data are few. These drawbacks impose limitations on the studies of climate variability impacts pertaining to geographical coverage, and usually demand compromise between spatial and temporal coverage. The irregular distribution has sometimes been eased by gridding the data, but even so, the variabil ...
... data are few. These drawbacks impose limitations on the studies of climate variability impacts pertaining to geographical coverage, and usually demand compromise between spatial and temporal coverage. The irregular distribution has sometimes been eased by gridding the data, but even so, the variabil ...
Australian Government response - Coastal Collaboration Cluster
... Australia is on track to meet its Kyoto Protocol target of limiting greenhouse gas emissions to 108 per cent of 1990 levels over the period 2008-2012. The Government has also committed to reduce Australia‟s carbon pollution to 25 per cent below our 2000 baseline by 2020 if the world agrees to an amb ...
... Australia is on track to meet its Kyoto Protocol target of limiting greenhouse gas emissions to 108 per cent of 1990 levels over the period 2008-2012. The Government has also committed to reduce Australia‟s carbon pollution to 25 per cent below our 2000 baseline by 2020 if the world agrees to an amb ...
PDF
... Modernisation of agriculture in India over the past few decades, notwithstanding the benefits, has brought a variety of economic, environmental, and social problems, including food availability, ecosystem integrity and in many cases, disruption of rural livelihoods. The push towards commercial agric ...
... Modernisation of agriculture in India over the past few decades, notwithstanding the benefits, has brought a variety of economic, environmental, and social problems, including food availability, ecosystem integrity and in many cases, disruption of rural livelihoods. The push towards commercial agric ...
The sensitivity of mountain snowpack accumulation to climate warming
... value of l these models may not be superior to observational techniques and complex models. However, the use of simple models allows for the formulation of controlled experiments and analyses to isolate controls on l, which would not be possible with other methods. This study only considers snowpack ...
... value of l these models may not be superior to observational techniques and complex models. However, the use of simple models allows for the formulation of controlled experiments and analyses to isolate controls on l, which would not be possible with other methods. This study only considers snowpack ...
Climate change: island life in a volatile world
... map or globe out of date before it has even left the production line. More importantly, such transformations are often contentious and painfully wrought at the ‘ground level’ where people live, frequently leaving some people unsettled or uncertain as to where they belong. But amid all this relentles ...
... map or globe out of date before it has even left the production line. More importantly, such transformations are often contentious and painfully wrought at the ‘ground level’ where people live, frequently leaving some people unsettled or uncertain as to where they belong. But amid all this relentles ...
Inequality, communication, and the avoidance of disastrous climate change in a public goods game (opens in new window)
... operating space” in the climate system (2). Containing the rise in global mean temperature is a global public good, wherein the benefits of efforts to reduce emissions are shared by all, irrespective of individual contributions. Such disconnect between individual and collective interest is a prime ca ...
... operating space” in the climate system (2). Containing the rise in global mean temperature is a global public good, wherein the benefits of efforts to reduce emissions are shared by all, irrespective of individual contributions. Such disconnect between individual and collective interest is a prime ca ...
Going Global - The George Wright Society
... • Developing, testing, and refining management effectiveness assessment systems to include more social and climate change impact indicators Marine areas are still dramatically under-protected worldwide. The IUCN WCPA will thus continue a major effort to secure a well planned and effectively managed ...
... • Developing, testing, and refining management effectiveness assessment systems to include more social and climate change impact indicators Marine areas are still dramatically under-protected worldwide. The IUCN WCPA will thus continue a major effort to secure a well planned and effectively managed ...
Towards transformational change: UNDP`s work in environment
... development of the Framework for Advancing Environmental and Social Sustainability in the UN System. UNDP also launched a new project-level Environmental and Social Screening Procedure, which provides an integrated environmental and social sustainability safeguard approach that is consistent with in ...
... development of the Framework for Advancing Environmental and Social Sustainability in the UN System. UNDP also launched a new project-level Environmental and Social Screening Procedure, which provides an integrated environmental and social sustainability safeguard approach that is consistent with in ...
Saturation of the terrestrial carbon sink
... to ambient levels (Jasoni et al. 2005). These examples illustrate that a variety of responses of NEP to CO2 can occur in different ecosystems. In summary, ecosystem responses to large step increases of CO2 concentration can show a strong saturation behavior driven by resource limitation. Plant growt ...
... to ambient levels (Jasoni et al. 2005). These examples illustrate that a variety of responses of NEP to CO2 can occur in different ecosystems. In summary, ecosystem responses to large step increases of CO2 concentration can show a strong saturation behavior driven by resource limitation. Plant growt ...
Managing Coastal Vulnerability under Climate Change
... large numbers of people into coastal regions, human stresses on coastal ecosystems and resources are growing at the same time that climate variability, climate change, and associated changes in the marine environment are making coastal areas less secure for human habitation. Wicked problems (1) are ...
... large numbers of people into coastal regions, human stresses on coastal ecosystems and resources are growing at the same time that climate variability, climate change, and associated changes in the marine environment are making coastal areas less secure for human habitation. Wicked problems (1) are ...
PDF
... weather stress (Moser 2007). Climate change hastens risks in agricultural production such as production and market risks (Bird and Shinyekwa 2004). Rural communities have always tried to come up with mechanisms such as social capital to share risks in attempt to mitigate the consequences of shocks. ...
... weather stress (Moser 2007). Climate change hastens risks in agricultural production such as production and market risks (Bird and Shinyekwa 2004). Rural communities have always tried to come up with mechanisms such as social capital to share risks in attempt to mitigate the consequences of shocks. ...
After Kyoto: Approaches to Climate Change Mitigation Post-2012
... aim “of returning individually or jointly to their 1990 levels these anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases… by the end of the present decade [2000]… taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities”. As time progressed it became clear that Annex I P ...
... aim “of returning individually or jointly to their 1990 levels these anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases… by the end of the present decade [2000]… taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities”. As time progressed it became clear that Annex I P ...
Report
... The Copenhagen Accord is arguably the sole achievement of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen (COP 15) in 2009. Signed by 112 nations, it also provides testament to the endurance and importance of forest-based solutions to climate change. Though voluntary and legally non-bindi ...
... The Copenhagen Accord is arguably the sole achievement of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen (COP 15) in 2009. Signed by 112 nations, it also provides testament to the endurance and importance of forest-based solutions to climate change. Though voluntary and legally non-bindi ...
insects at not so low temperature
... at a given latitude is the same today as it was 20,000 years ago and will be 20,000 years from now. This reliability is important. Insects cannot wait for often highly variable temperatures to change and for winter to arrive before entering dormancy or preparing for migration; rather, they use day l ...
... at a given latitude is the same today as it was 20,000 years ago and will be 20,000 years from now. This reliability is important. Insects cannot wait for often highly variable temperatures to change and for winter to arrive before entering dormancy or preparing for migration; rather, they use day l ...
Cooperation on Climate-Change Mitigation
... issue and continuing business-as-usual. For climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that continued emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) would likely lead to significant warming over the coming centuries with the potential for large consequences on the global env ...
... issue and continuing business-as-usual. For climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that continued emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) would likely lead to significant warming over the coming centuries with the potential for large consequences on the global env ...
20 July 2012 - Productivity Commission
... Resources. I am here talking on behalf of the South Australian government submission to the Productivity Commission inquiry into barriers to adaptation. I am happy to skip through the front half, that was just the stock standard statement about what South Australia is doing. But basically we recogni ...
... Resources. I am here talking on behalf of the South Australian government submission to the Productivity Commission inquiry into barriers to adaptation. I am happy to skip through the front half, that was just the stock standard statement about what South Australia is doing. But basically we recogni ...
Reconciling scientific reality with realpolitik: moving
... but while emissions perceived as 'luxury' may be called on for adaptation, any programme that cuts back on perceived 'subsistence emissions' is likely to experience a significant public backlash. Consequently, winning and retaining popular and political support requires carbon management frameworks ...
... but while emissions perceived as 'luxury' may be called on for adaptation, any programme that cuts back on perceived 'subsistence emissions' is likely to experience a significant public backlash. Consequently, winning and retaining popular and political support requires carbon management frameworks ...
WHAT IS THE “DAMAGES FUNCTION” FOR GLOBAL WARMING
... these two axioms imply a utility function encompassing as special cases both the standard multiplicative form, which has traditionally been used in practice for some time now, and also an additive analogue that has appeared more recently in the literature. After some numerical exercises, the paper d ...
... these two axioms imply a utility function encompassing as special cases both the standard multiplicative form, which has traditionally been used in practice for some time now, and also an additive analogue that has appeared more recently in the literature. After some numerical exercises, the paper d ...
nd-gain_technical_document_2015_do_not_print
... Red (Upper Left) Quadrant: Countries with a high level of vulnerability to climate change but a low level of readiness. These countries have both a great need for investment to improve readiness and a great urgency for adaptation action. Yellow (Lower Left) Quadrant: Countries with a low level of re ...
... Red (Upper Left) Quadrant: Countries with a high level of vulnerability to climate change but a low level of readiness. These countries have both a great need for investment to improve readiness and a great urgency for adaptation action. Yellow (Lower Left) Quadrant: Countries with a low level of re ...
Construction of abatement cost curves
... almost 25% of the added anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate in 1980 and 1990 (IPCC, 1990). The main responsibility for this percentage may be attributed to the chemically related anthropogenic gases CFCs and PCFCs. Due to their depleting influence on stratospheric ozone, CFCs and PCFCs we ...
... almost 25% of the added anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate in 1980 and 1990 (IPCC, 1990). The main responsibility for this percentage may be attributed to the chemically related anthropogenic gases CFCs and PCFCs. Due to their depleting influence on stratospheric ozone, CFCs and PCFCs we ...
Vulnerability of Modiolus reefs to climate change
... (Figure 1). Historical fishing activity (scallop trawling and dredging) has caused widespread damage to these areas. M. modiolus reefs are listed as a threatened and/or endangered species and habitat in all OSPAR regions (OSPAR, 2008). Additionally, key structural or functional species such as M. mo ...
... (Figure 1). Historical fishing activity (scallop trawling and dredging) has caused widespread damage to these areas. M. modiolus reefs are listed as a threatened and/or endangered species and habitat in all OSPAR regions (OSPAR, 2008). Additionally, key structural or functional species such as M. mo ...
Sensitivity of tree growth to the atmospheric vertical profile in the
... synoptic scale (approx. 2000 km) and the global scale (approx. 5000 km). In addition to the classical approach of inferring the relation between tree growth and the horizontal structure of the troposphere, analyses were extended vertically to the mid-stratospheric level. There is increasing evidence ...
... synoptic scale (approx. 2000 km) and the global scale (approx. 5000 km). In addition to the classical approach of inferring the relation between tree growth and the horizontal structure of the troposphere, analyses were extended vertically to the mid-stratospheric level. There is increasing evidence ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.