Climate controls on soil respired CO2 in the United States
... where one mole of CO2 is consumed for every mole of silicate mineral that is weathered (Berner, 1992). While this process has been recognized as the long-term control on the concentration of atmospheric CO2 for many years (Ebelmen, 1845; Berner et al., 1983), silicate weathering may also play an imp ...
... where one mole of CO2 is consumed for every mole of silicate mineral that is weathered (Berner, 1992). While this process has been recognized as the long-term control on the concentration of atmospheric CO2 for many years (Ebelmen, 1845; Berner et al., 1983), silicate weathering may also play an imp ...
Namibia Environmental and Climate Change Policy Brief
... accounting for 40% of the freshwater. Perennial and ephemeral7 rivers provide roughly 30%, and reclaimed water provides 1%, of the freshwater.8 Namibia‟s groundwater, which provides a buffer against droughts in many regions of the country, occurs in a wide range of rock types making groundwater mana ...
... accounting for 40% of the freshwater. Perennial and ephemeral7 rivers provide roughly 30%, and reclaimed water provides 1%, of the freshwater.8 Namibia‟s groundwater, which provides a buffer against droughts in many regions of the country, occurs in a wide range of rock types making groundwater mana ...
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... stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001). These may include both on and off farm activities. At the farm level, there are a wide range of strategies that may contribute to adaptation which include modifying planting times and changing to varieti ...
... stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001). These may include both on and off farm activities. At the farm level, there are a wide range of strategies that may contribute to adaptation which include modifying planting times and changing to varieti ...
![Module: Introduction Module: Management [Investor]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/014704333_1-6ad3c43d441955bbc5391dab1f01948b-300x300.png)
Module: Introduction Module: Management [Investor]
... • We continue to invest in the identification and implementation of innovative technologies aimed at using energy more efficiently. These include technology solutions to optimise processes and machinery at our operations, such as air compressors, ventilation fans, pumps, draglines, conveyors and ele ...
... • We continue to invest in the identification and implementation of innovative technologies aimed at using energy more efficiently. These include technology solutions to optimise processes and machinery at our operations, such as air compressors, ventilation fans, pumps, draglines, conveyors and ele ...
DOCX 118KB - Climate Change Authority
... All countries have agreed in the UNFCCC to work together to prevent dangerous climate change. A global goal has been agreed of holding the increase in average global temperatures to below 2 degrees above pre-industrial levels. A review of this goal in 2013–15 will consider if it should be strengthen ...
... All countries have agreed in the UNFCCC to work together to prevent dangerous climate change. A global goal has been agreed of holding the increase in average global temperatures to below 2 degrees above pre-industrial levels. A review of this goal in 2013–15 will consider if it should be strengthen ...
What are the main money instruments used by the CDM?
... reducing climate change. The effectiveness of the CDM relates to whether projects are obtaining worthwhile results. According to Rosendahl andvStrand “leakage occurs because emissions reductions under a CDM project may affect market equilibrium in regional and/or global energy and product markets, a ...
... reducing climate change. The effectiveness of the CDM relates to whether projects are obtaining worthwhile results. According to Rosendahl andvStrand “leakage occurs because emissions reductions under a CDM project may affect market equilibrium in regional and/or global energy and product markets, a ...
Incorporating climate change into recovery planning for threatened
... globally where there is high consensus among climate models regarding the decrease in rainfall due to climate change (Prudhomme et al. 2014). Southwestern Australia and parts of South Australia together encompass one of the five Mediterranean ecosystems that occur globally. These five areas support ...
... globally where there is high consensus among climate models regarding the decrease in rainfall due to climate change (Prudhomme et al. 2014). Southwestern Australia and parts of South Australia together encompass one of the five Mediterranean ecosystems that occur globally. These five areas support ...
Climate change, migration and critical
... presently being observed are attributable to climatic change. That said, climate-related conditions and events can and do stimulate population displacements and migrations. Scholars see migration as one of the many possible ways by which people adapt to the climate. Anthropogenic climate change is e ...
... presently being observed are attributable to climatic change. That said, climate-related conditions and events can and do stimulate population displacements and migrations. Scholars see migration as one of the many possible ways by which people adapt to the climate. Anthropogenic climate change is e ...
PDF
... tax. For this purpose, he draws selected parameters randomly from a set of distribution and runs DICE for each realization. While this way of modeling uncertainty is an interesting first approximation, it certainly does not describe the type of uncertainty surrounding climate change. In such a proce ...
... tax. For this purpose, he draws selected parameters randomly from a set of distribution and runs DICE for each realization. While this way of modeling uncertainty is an interesting first approximation, it certainly does not describe the type of uncertainty surrounding climate change. In such a proce ...
References and Index - UN
... Banks, N. (2008) ‘A tale of two wards: Political participation and the urban poor in Dhaka city’, Environment and Urbanization 20(2): 361–376 Barker T., I. Bashmakov, L. Bernstein, J. E. Bogner, P. R. Bosch, R. Dave, O. R. Davidson, B. S. Fisher, S. Gupta, K. Halsnæs, G. J. Heij, S. Kahn Ribeiro, S. ...
... Banks, N. (2008) ‘A tale of two wards: Political participation and the urban poor in Dhaka city’, Environment and Urbanization 20(2): 361–376 Barker T., I. Bashmakov, L. Bernstein, J. E. Bogner, P. R. Bosch, R. Dave, O. R. Davidson, B. S. Fisher, S. Gupta, K. Halsnæs, G. J. Heij, S. Kahn Ribeiro, S. ...
Full Report - Focus on Energy
... A2fixCO2 scenario, Wisconsin natural vegetation is projected to lose 18.9 Tg CO2 per year. By 2100AD, this amount increases to 29.7 TgCO2 per year. The amount of carbon lost in the B1 scenario is about 40% of the A2 projections, suggesting a positive feedback in which efforts to mitigate global CO2 ...
... A2fixCO2 scenario, Wisconsin natural vegetation is projected to lose 18.9 Tg CO2 per year. By 2100AD, this amount increases to 29.7 TgCO2 per year. The amount of carbon lost in the B1 scenario is about 40% of the A2 projections, suggesting a positive feedback in which efforts to mitigate global CO2 ...
climate change - Saskatchewan.ca
... In the last decade, global temperatures have been higher 75 percent of the time when compared to the last 11,300 years. The global concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has reached 400 parts per million. This is the highest rate in recorded history. Carbon and water cycle scientists like ...
... In the last decade, global temperatures have been higher 75 percent of the time when compared to the last 11,300 years. The global concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has reached 400 parts per million. This is the highest rate in recorded history. Carbon and water cycle scientists like ...
PDF
... an economic model that would explain these two disparate positions? The one area of consensus is that there is uncertainty about the nature and degree of damage threatened by climate change. "Because there is considerable uncertainty in current understanding of how the climate system varies naturall ...
... an economic model that would explain these two disparate positions? The one area of consensus is that there is uncertainty about the nature and degree of damage threatened by climate change. "Because there is considerable uncertainty in current understanding of how the climate system varies naturall ...
Section 6.4
... The IPCC report documents that concentrations of CO2 & other greenhouse gases have increased over the last 200 years. increase is due to the burning of fossil fuels, the cutting and burning of forests worldwide. ...
... The IPCC report documents that concentrations of CO2 & other greenhouse gases have increased over the last 200 years. increase is due to the burning of fossil fuels, the cutting and burning of forests worldwide. ...
the heat is on
... ‘The Heat is On’ initiative supports fossil fuel companies to integrate the challenges these changing pressures present into the core of their business strategies. The initiative is led and coordinated by Critical Resource, an advisory firm supporting responsible practices in the extractive industri ...
... ‘The Heat is On’ initiative supports fossil fuel companies to integrate the challenges these changing pressures present into the core of their business strategies. The initiative is led and coordinated by Critical Resource, an advisory firm supporting responsible practices in the extractive industri ...
assisted colonisation as a climate change adaptation tool
... climate regimes in NSW. For instance, the alpine area of NSW is considered to be highly vulnerable to climate change due to changes in summer temperatures and snow cover (Hughes, 2003; Whetton et al., 2003). Temperate subhumid areas in north-eastern NSW have also been identified as likely to underg ...
... climate regimes in NSW. For instance, the alpine area of NSW is considered to be highly vulnerable to climate change due to changes in summer temperatures and snow cover (Hughes, 2003; Whetton et al., 2003). Temperate subhumid areas in north-eastern NSW have also been identified as likely to underg ...
Impact of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
... Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) [Taylor et al., 2012]. In particular, we analyze standardized simulations in which the atmospheric concentration of CO2 is instantaneously quadrupled (4 × CO2 ) from its initial preindustrial value and then held fixed, providing a source of constant forcing for ...
... Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) [Taylor et al., 2012]. In particular, we analyze standardized simulations in which the atmospheric concentration of CO2 is instantaneously quadrupled (4 × CO2 ) from its initial preindustrial value and then held fixed, providing a source of constant forcing for ...
Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change
... Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra energy arising from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in an increase in average global sea surface temperatures since the beginning of the twentieth century, that approaches 1◦ C (0.89◦ ...
... Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra energy arising from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in an increase in average global sea surface temperatures since the beginning of the twentieth century, that approaches 1◦ C (0.89◦ ...
Chapter 2 Current Legal Challenges in Climate Change Justice
... The Kyoto Protocol has been widely criticised. Significantly, the US signed the Kyoto Protocol but never ratified it, and is thus not bound to comply with the quantified emission reduction commitments contained in Annex B.154 In addition, while larger developing countries such as Brazil, China and I ...
... The Kyoto Protocol has been widely criticised. Significantly, the US signed the Kyoto Protocol but never ratified it, and is thus not bound to comply with the quantified emission reduction commitments contained in Annex B.154 In addition, while larger developing countries such as Brazil, China and I ...
CHAPTER 2 OUR CHANGING CLIMATE Climate Change Impacts in the United States
... • Continued warming and an increased understanding of the U.S. temperature record, as well as multiple other sources of evidence, have strengthened our confidence in the conclusions that the warming trend is clear and primarily the result of human activities. For the contiguous United States, the l ...
... • Continued warming and an increased understanding of the U.S. temperature record, as well as multiple other sources of evidence, have strengthened our confidence in the conclusions that the warming trend is clear and primarily the result of human activities. For the contiguous United States, the l ...
Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans
... Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra energy arising from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in an increase in average global sea surface temperatures since the beginning of the twentieth century, that approaches 1◦ C (0.89◦ ...
... Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra energy arising from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in an increase in average global sea surface temperatures since the beginning of the twentieth century, that approaches 1◦ C (0.89◦ ...
The Open Ocean
... 4. Unabated greenhouse gas emissions require immediate regulation to avoid severe consequences. If greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated, IPCC projections from now to 2050 indicate a continued decline in the health of marine ecosystems and their associated services. This will have negative con ...
... 4. Unabated greenhouse gas emissions require immediate regulation to avoid severe consequences. If greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated, IPCC projections from now to 2050 indicate a continued decline in the health of marine ecosystems and their associated services. This will have negative con ...
Climate Change: The Role of .S. Agriculture Sector the U
... he debate in Congress over whether and how to address possible future climate change is intensifying. Often, the role of the U.S. agriculture sector is invoked in this debate. Agriculture is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which many scientists agree are contributing to observed climate ...
... he debate in Congress over whether and how to address possible future climate change is intensifying. Often, the role of the U.S. agriculture sector is invoked in this debate. Agriculture is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which many scientists agree are contributing to observed climate ...
Conserving Freshwater and Coastal Resources in a Changing Climate
... most likely, centuries. It is important for organizations, agencies, and individuals working on environmental conservation to understand the probable ecological and societal effects of climate change and to identify and implement appropriate policies to plan for and adapt to climate changes and depl ...
... most likely, centuries. It is important for organizations, agencies, and individuals working on environmental conservation to understand the probable ecological and societal effects of climate change and to identify and implement appropriate policies to plan for and adapt to climate changes and depl ...
Overpeck and Cole, 2006
... Abrupt shifts between warm and cold states punctuate the interval between 20 to 75 ka) in the Greenland isotope record, with shifts of 5◦ –15◦ C occurring in decades or less (Figure 1). These alternations were identified in some of the earliest ice core isotopic studies [e.g., (22)] and were replica ...
... Abrupt shifts between warm and cold states punctuate the interval between 20 to 75 ka) in the Greenland isotope record, with shifts of 5◦ –15◦ C occurring in decades or less (Figure 1). These alternations were identified in some of the earliest ice core isotopic studies [e.g., (22)] and were replica ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.