Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
... Humans influence climate primarily through fossil-fuel, industrial, agricultural, and other landuse emissions that alter atmospheric composition. Long-lived, heat-trapping greenhouse gases (CO2 , CH4 , N2 O, tropospheric ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons) warm the planet’s surface globally, whereas short ...
... Humans influence climate primarily through fossil-fuel, industrial, agricultural, and other landuse emissions that alter atmospheric composition. Long-lived, heat-trapping greenhouse gases (CO2 , CH4 , N2 O, tropospheric ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons) warm the planet’s surface globally, whereas short ...
Radio and Reduction of GHG Emissions
... paper (1 space networks data – up to 1000 pages); • WRCs - the biggest ITU forums, are switching to paperless methods of work and reduced number of paper copies. WRC-07, attended by more than 2800 participants, saved several millions pages of paper; • Publication of maritime Service Publications in ...
... paper (1 space networks data – up to 1000 pages); • WRCs - the biggest ITU forums, are switching to paperless methods of work and reduced number of paper copies. WRC-07, attended by more than 2800 participants, saved several millions pages of paper; • Publication of maritime Service Publications in ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: The Economics of Climate Change: Adaptations Past and...
... are utilized to simulate future electricity demand under varying climate scenarios. The advantage of the simulation model approach is that it allows one to simulate the effects of climate change given a wide variety of technological and policy responses. The drawback to these models is that they cont ...
... are utilized to simulate future electricity demand under varying climate scenarios. The advantage of the simulation model approach is that it allows one to simulate the effects of climate change given a wide variety of technological and policy responses. The drawback to these models is that they cont ...
Adaptation Research Program - Department of Agriculture and
... contribute to adaptation to the future impacts of climate change, particularly via manipulation of the phenology and the heat and drought tolerance of wheat and sorghum. Even in the small range of germplasm tested so far there is reasonable genotypic variation that could be used now by breeding prog ...
... contribute to adaptation to the future impacts of climate change, particularly via manipulation of the phenology and the heat and drought tolerance of wheat and sorghum. Even in the small range of germplasm tested so far there is reasonable genotypic variation that could be used now by breeding prog ...
Revisiting the Earth`s sea‐level and energy budgets from 1961
... heat‐content change, by far the largest storage of heat in the climate system [Bindoff et al., 2007]. Despite the Earth’s energy budget being one of the most fundamental aspects of the climate system there have been failures to adequately resolve the energy budget for recent years [Trenberth, 2010; ...
... heat‐content change, by far the largest storage of heat in the climate system [Bindoff et al., 2007]. Despite the Earth’s energy budget being one of the most fundamental aspects of the climate system there have been failures to adequately resolve the energy budget for recent years [Trenberth, 2010; ...
Have the Tropical Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions
... generated the records of the alkenone sea surface temperature (SST) at the western and eastern margins of the mid-latitude North Pacific (MD012421 and ODP1014 in Fig. 1) during the last 145,000 years. The study showed that the antiphase variation between the SSTs of the northeast and northwest Pacif ...
... generated the records of the alkenone sea surface temperature (SST) at the western and eastern margins of the mid-latitude North Pacific (MD012421 and ODP1014 in Fig. 1) during the last 145,000 years. The study showed that the antiphase variation between the SSTs of the northeast and northwest Pacif ...
Climate Change and Agricultural Production
... started. Annual losses in barley, maize, and wheat output due to global warming since 1981 amount to 40 million tons (or US$5 billion as of 2002),6 although these were offset by yield gains due to crop breeding and other agro-technology advances. It appears that high seasonal temperatures, beyond w ...
... started. Annual losses in barley, maize, and wheat output due to global warming since 1981 amount to 40 million tons (or US$5 billion as of 2002),6 although these were offset by yield gains due to crop breeding and other agro-technology advances. It appears that high seasonal temperatures, beyond w ...
Ministry of Foreign Affairs MKL Grant Committee Meeting 25 October
... The adaptation challenge of LDCs still prevails. As Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) puts it in one of its latest summary for policy makers: “The ability of human systems to adapt to and cope with climate change depends on such factors as wealth, technology, education, information, s ...
... The adaptation challenge of LDCs still prevails. As Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) puts it in one of its latest summary for policy makers: “The ability of human systems to adapt to and cope with climate change depends on such factors as wealth, technology, education, information, s ...
The distributional impact of climate change on rich and poor countries
... large losses of precipitation in Latin America and North America and small losses in Europe but large gains elsewhere. CGCM1 predicts losses of precipitation in every continent except North America and North Asia. There is clearly no consensus across the models about what will happen to local precip ...
... large losses of precipitation in Latin America and North America and small losses in Europe but large gains elsewhere. CGCM1 predicts losses of precipitation in every continent except North America and North Asia. There is clearly no consensus across the models about what will happen to local precip ...
Will we leave the Great Barrier Reef for our children?
... 2005.28 The current growth in CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels exceeds even the “worst case” IPCC projections.29 Compounding the difficulty of stabilising greenhouse gases and aerosols around 350 ppm CO2-eq to attempt to keep global temperature rises beneath 1°C are the facts that, eve ...
... 2005.28 The current growth in CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels exceeds even the “worst case” IPCC projections.29 Compounding the difficulty of stabilising greenhouse gases and aerosols around 350 ppm CO2-eq to attempt to keep global temperature rises beneath 1°C are the facts that, eve ...
Observed Climate Variability and Trends
... The period from approximately 12 000 years ago to the present is known as the Holocene. It was preceded by a cold, glacial period that peaked around 21 000 years ago at the Last Glacial Maximum. Global average sea level at that time was around 120 m lower than that of today, due to the vast amounts ...
... The period from approximately 12 000 years ago to the present is known as the Holocene. It was preceded by a cold, glacial period that peaked around 21 000 years ago at the Last Glacial Maximum. Global average sea level at that time was around 120 m lower than that of today, due to the vast amounts ...
Dissipating the fuzziness around interdisciplinarity: The
... pluridisciplinarity encourages several disciplines to coexist within the same entity (e.g., a university), without necessarily requiring exchanges among them. Cross-fertilisation does not exist. Multidisciplinarity is the meeting of distinct disciplines around a common study theme, although each is ...
... pluridisciplinarity encourages several disciplines to coexist within the same entity (e.g., a university), without necessarily requiring exchanges among them. Cross-fertilisation does not exist. Multidisciplinarity is the meeting of distinct disciplines around a common study theme, although each is ...
The Changing Earth-Life System—Critical Information for
... nized the necessity of studying the complete diversity of these past Earth system states in detail (Parrish et al., 2011), but progress has been slow for a variety of reasons, including the difficulty of accurately positioning the numerous, high-resolution environmental records in time. Despite the ...
... nized the necessity of studying the complete diversity of these past Earth system states in detail (Parrish et al., 2011), but progress has been slow for a variety of reasons, including the difficulty of accurately positioning the numerous, high-resolution environmental records in time. Despite the ...
Introduction
... using the change detection function of ENVI. First, comparison of the two dates was conducted using all three land classes. Next, the light and heavy vegetation classes were combined and a further binary change detection analysis was done to compare areas with vegetation to areas without vegetation. ...
... using the change detection function of ENVI. First, comparison of the two dates was conducted using all three land classes. Next, the light and heavy vegetation classes were combined and a further binary change detection analysis was done to compare areas with vegetation to areas without vegetation. ...
A critical exploration of the concept of `climate stabilization`
... Climate stabilization has become an important approach to climate policy, and this paper provides a historical context to this approach and outlines points of critique. None of this is to denigrate the importance of climate mitigation, but rather to examine what the focus on climate stabilization ha ...
... Climate stabilization has become an important approach to climate policy, and this paper provides a historical context to this approach and outlines points of critique. None of this is to denigrate the importance of climate mitigation, but rather to examine what the focus on climate stabilization ha ...
Climate evolution in the last five centuries
... The past variations of solar output have been derived from the values used by C ROWLEY (2000). For the period after 1610 A.D., past solar variations are empirically estimated from observations of sun spots (L EAN et al., 1995) and between 1500 and 1610 A.D. they are based on concentrations of the co ...
... The past variations of solar output have been derived from the values used by C ROWLEY (2000). For the period after 1610 A.D., past solar variations are empirically estimated from observations of sun spots (L EAN et al., 1995) and between 1500 and 1610 A.D. they are based on concentrations of the co ...
Annex III
... Aerosols A suspension of airborne solid or liquid particles, with a typical size between a few nm and 10 µm that reside in the atmosphere for at least several hours. Aerosols may be of either natural or anthropogenic origin. Aerosols may influence climate in several ways: directly through scattering ...
... Aerosols A suspension of airborne solid or liquid particles, with a typical size between a few nm and 10 µm that reside in the atmosphere for at least several hours. Aerosols may be of either natural or anthropogenic origin. Aerosols may influence climate in several ways: directly through scattering ...
Climate change drives warming in the Hudson River Estuary, New
... taken into account, increasing discharge does not mitigate warming. Various methods of modeling air temperature and water temperature relationships have been used ranging from purely empirical statistical models to more mechanistic, physicallybased models. Statistical models have the advantage of si ...
... taken into account, increasing discharge does not mitigate warming. Various methods of modeling air temperature and water temperature relationships have been used ranging from purely empirical statistical models to more mechanistic, physicallybased models. Statistical models have the advantage of si ...
World Bank Document - Arab Trade Union Confederation
... governorates. The standard Ricardian model was applied, in addition to another three models each representing an adaptation option that could be used to reduce the harmful effects of temperature stress. A further adaptation strategy was tested: raising livestock on the farm to cope with the harmful ...
... governorates. The standard Ricardian model was applied, in addition to another three models each representing an adaptation option that could be used to reduce the harmful effects of temperature stress. A further adaptation strategy was tested: raising livestock on the farm to cope with the harmful ...
Radiative forcing of climate by historical land cover change
... 0.10!C to 0.22!C, depending on which vegetation field was used to represent ‘‘present day’’ vegetation. In the transient case, the cooling was in the range of 0.09!C to 0.17!C, depending on the specified albedo value for cropland. From this analysis, it is clear that uncertainties in surface albedo ...
... 0.10!C to 0.22!C, depending on which vegetation field was used to represent ‘‘present day’’ vegetation. In the transient case, the cooling was in the range of 0.09!C to 0.17!C, depending on the specified albedo value for cropland. From this analysis, it is clear that uncertainties in surface albedo ...
Official PDF , 39 pages
... governorates. The standard Ricardian model was applied, in addition to another three models each representing an adaptation option that could be used to reduce the harmful effects of temperature stress. A further adaptation strategy was tested: raising livestock on the farm to cope with the harmful ...
... governorates. The standard Ricardian model was applied, in addition to another three models each representing an adaptation option that could be used to reduce the harmful effects of temperature stress. A further adaptation strategy was tested: raising livestock on the farm to cope with the harmful ...
global climate change and presidential leadership
... problems at the international level, that “. . . global climate change could be regarded as the single greatest international environmental policy issue.” 9 Michael Kraft, in his 2001 research study10 assessed what our dominant focus has been for the past three generations. Air and water quality we ...
... problems at the international level, that “. . . global climate change could be regarded as the single greatest international environmental policy issue.” 9 Michael Kraft, in his 2001 research study10 assessed what our dominant focus has been for the past three generations. Air and water quality we ...
ece10 Auffhammer 14047463 en
... utilities established a confidential data center, which contains the complete billing history for all households serviced by Pacific Gas and Electric, Southern California Edison, and San Diego Gas and Electric for the years 2003-2006. These three utilities provide electricity to roughly 80% of Calif ...
... utilities established a confidential data center, which contains the complete billing history for all households serviced by Pacific Gas and Electric, Southern California Edison, and San Diego Gas and Electric for the years 2003-2006. These three utilities provide electricity to roughly 80% of Calif ...
The economic impact of climate change on road infrastructure in sub
... cause roads to easily develop cracks within a short period after their construction. Also, high precipitation will allow new roads to easily develop potholes while existing potholes will deepen fast. Rising sea levels can also flood gravelled and unpaved roads adjacent to the sea shore. Furthermore, ...
... cause roads to easily develop cracks within a short period after their construction. Also, high precipitation will allow new roads to easily develop potholes while existing potholes will deepen fast. Rising sea levels can also flood gravelled and unpaved roads adjacent to the sea shore. Furthermore, ...
Climate Change and Small Island Developing States
... critical review, this paper does not seek to be comprehensive or even to list the majority of all work on SIDS and climate change. That, in fact, would exceed the permissible length of this paper several times over. Instead, key ideas are extracted and key material is discussed to evaluate the curre ...
... critical review, this paper does not seek to be comprehensive or even to list the majority of all work on SIDS and climate change. That, in fact, would exceed the permissible length of this paper several times over. Instead, key ideas are extracted and key material is discussed to evaluate the curre ...
Climatic Research Unit documents
Climatic Research Unit documents including thousands of e-mails and other computer files were stolen from a server at the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia in a hacking incident in November 2009. The documents were redistributed first through the blogosphere of global warming skeptics, and allegations were made that they indicated misconduct by leading climate scientists. A series of investigations rejected these allegations, while concluding that CRU scientists should have been more open with distributing data and methods on request. Precisely six committees investigated the allegations and published reports, finding no evidence of fraud or scientific misconduct. The scientific consensus that global warming is occurring as a result of human activity remained unchanged by the end of the investigations.The incident occurred shortly before the opening December 2009 Copenhagen global climate summit. It has prompted general discussion about increasing the openness of scientific data (though the majority of climate data have always been freely available). Scientists, scientific organisations, and government officials have stated that the incident does not affect the overall scientific case for climate change. Andrew Revkin reported in the New York Times that ""The evidence pointing to a growing human contribution to global warming is so widely accepted that the hacked material is unlikely to erode the overall argument.""