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Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Eastern Europe and Central Asia

... conducted among more than 6000 Russians between 1992 and 2003 found low rates of HIVrelated risky sexual behaviours in the general population. Only 5% of participants reported having had sex without a condom with two or more partners in the previous 12 months, and although 2% said they had injected ...
Intralocus sexual conflict in hermaphroditic animals
Intralocus sexual conflict in hermaphroditic animals

... genetic correlations. Intersexual genetic correlations should be applicable to sequential ...
Intralocus sexual conflict in hermaphroditic animals
Intralocus sexual conflict in hermaphroditic animals

... genetic correlations. Intersexual genetic correlations should be applicable to sequential ...
1 Emotional Responses to Casual Sex Experiences: The
1 Emotional Responses to Casual Sex Experiences: The

... discrepant finding is participant age. The average age of the men in this study was 31 years old, which is substantially higher than the previous studies that have focused on sexual motives (e.g., 21 years old; Cooper, Shapiro, & Powers, 1998). According to past research (Sprague & Quadagno, 1989), ...
Conflict on the Sex Chromosomes: Cause, Effect, and Complexity
Conflict on the Sex Chromosomes: Cause, Effect, and Complexity

... highly conserved across long periods of evolutionary time, whereas others change quickly and even vary across populations of the same species. However, there are some predictions suggesting that sex chromosome turnover itself ...
Demography can favour female
Demography can favour female

... rounded to the nearest integer; otherwise N ¼ 0. This function, where c is a constant determining the strength of local competition, has the desirable properties of female demographic dominance, in that M does not appear in the equation beyond the M  1 requirement, as well as local competition, in ...
The role of sex chromosomes in sexual dimorphism
The role of sex chromosomes in sexual dimorphism

... female mating preference genes in a moth were identified on the Z chromosome (Iyengar et al., 2002), and female mate preference and male plumage traits have been linked to the flycatcher Z chromosome (Saetre et al., 2003; Saether et al., 2007). The examples above do not represent an exhaustive list, ...
Assessing and Treating Sex Offenders (2)
Assessing and Treating Sex Offenders (2)

... nobody fears their gut looks too big or they’re sweating too much or they can’t catch their breath.” (Paul, 2005, p. 41) ...
F - UBC Zoology
F - UBC Zoology

... (1932) claim that segregation is of no evolutionary value. More recently it has been shown that segregation contributes significantly to the evolution of sex. Segregation in a diploid sexual organism allows a single favorable mutation to become fixed in double dosage at a given locus (i.e., as a hom ...
`sex` in advertising
`sex` in advertising

... context: observing, interfacing and anticipating. However, it is also significant that while the title of their paper uses the word ‘sex’, the usage of the term throughout actually implies sexual behaviour. This was based on work by Greenberg et al. (1981), and listed as rape, either homo- or hetero ...
The Evolutionary Enigma of Sex
The Evolutionary Enigma of Sex

... II. Generating Variation through Sex Often Reduces Fitness. Even when sex does act to increase variation, this variation need not be favorable. Again, the easiest case to visualize is that of a single locus subject to selection, this time with heterozygous advantage (fig. 2). Now, the fitness surfac ...
He`s the stud and she`s the slut
He`s the stud and she`s the slut

... A few participants said that viewing pornography would not happen in their group of friends, but that it does happen in some groups. Others said it would be unusual but only because of the group context. Although it might be expected that younger respondents would be more likely to say their peers w ...
Role of Islamic teachings in prevention of chronic Hepatitis B and C
Role of Islamic teachings in prevention of chronic Hepatitis B and C

... the major risk factor is repeated use of injections11 for common illnesses, while addiction and sexual transmission may be very important risk factors in USA, where sexual behavior indicates more than 10 partners in 30-34% all age groups and more than 50 partners in 4%12 Similarly blood transfusion ...
hip-hop to prevent substance use and hiv among african
hip-hop to prevent substance use and hiv among african

... 2. create negative attitudes toward drug use and risky sexual behaviors; and 3. improve drug and sexual resistance skills. We hypothesize that intervention group participants will have significantly lower substance use rates, higher risk of harm when using alcohol or drugs, more negative attitudes t ...


... with a humble and warm heart at all times. Thank you for believing in me and for the encouragement. I wish you all the best in your future endeavors. o My brother Mdumiseni, no words can ever explain how grateful I am to have a brother like you. Thank you for all your help, your dedication and encou ...
A pluralist approach to sex and recombination
A pluralist approach to sex and recombination

... The importance of interactions between theories Interactions between mechanisms may greatly increase the advantage of sexual reproduction. In this section we present some possibilities, whilst noting that this is a largely unexplored area, both theoretically and empirically. In particular, we will s ...
a scientific review of abstinence and abstinence programs
a scientific review of abstinence and abstinence programs

... from sex and drugs suffered from depression, compared to 15.1 percent of females who engaged in sex alone, and 25.5 percent of females who engaged in sex and drug use.5 Moreover, this review finds that some research indicates that sex has no negative psychological effects when it takes place in a co ...
Sexual Differences in Flight Calls and the Cue for Vocal Sex
Sexual Differences in Flight Calls and the Cue for Vocal Sex

... lated to vocal sex recognition. The male type consisted of 625 Hz and 726.5 Hz pure tones and the female type consisted of 625 Hz and 1,250 Hz pure tones (Fig. 2). Two types of rhythmic component imitated the durations and intervals of syllables of a male Flight Call and those of a female (Fig. 2). ...
Ovid: Diamond: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, Volume 151(3).March
Ovid: Diamond: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, Volume 151(3).March

... Recent History Sex Reassignment at Birth... ...
Master slide
Master slide

... – Infected partner, multiple partners, early sex, nonuse of condoms, other STDs, sex with trauma, BUT – MSM no higher risk than heterosexuals ...
Master slide - New York Medical College
Master slide - New York Medical College

... – Infected partner, multiple partners, early sex, nonuse of condoms, other STDs, sex with trauma, BUT – MSM no higher risk than heterosexuals ...
Click here for handout
Click here for handout

... Researchers admit that looks are subjective, but studies show there are some universal standards, including large eyes, “baby face" features, symmetric faces, so-called average faces, and specific waist-hip ratios in men versus women. ...
HIV/AIDS in Michigan January 1, 2009
HIV/AIDS in Michigan January 1, 2009

... that have been used for displaying HIV transmission risk in the Michigan and national HIV/AIDS statistics since the 1980’s. When the transmission categories were created, the order from top to bottom was meant to represent the most likely route through which HIV was transmitted, and thus implies tha ...
Segregation and the Evolution of Sex Under Overdominant Selection
Segregation and the Evolution of Sex Under Overdominant Selection

... or equal to one. With heterozygote advantage, one would expect the frequency of heterozygotes to rise to fixation within a fully asexual population, producing a strong negative one-locus genetic association (F ⫽ ⫺1). On the other hand, within a sexual population, meiosis disrupts this genetic associ ...
The factors influencing transactional sex among
The factors influencing transactional sex among

... involvement in transactional sex. Castle and Konate’s (1999) study of young women ages 15–19 in urban and rural areas of Mali reports that women who classified their relationship as sporadic rather than leading to marriage were more likely to engage in transactional sex. Being economically well-off, ...
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Safe sex



Safe sex is sexual activity engaged in by people who have taken precautions to protect themselves against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV. It is also referred to as safer sex or protected sex, while unsafe or unprotected sex is sexual activity engaged in without precautions, especially forgoing condom use.Some sources prefer the term safer sex to more precisely reflect the fact that these practices reduce, but do not always completely eliminate, the risk of disease transmission. The term sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has gradually become preferred over sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among medical sources, as it has a broader range of meaning; a person may be infected, and may potentially infect others, without showing signs of disease.Safe sex practices became more prominent in the late 1980s as a result of the AIDS epidemic. Promoting safe sex is now one of the aims of sex education. Safe sex is regarded as a harm reduction strategy aimed at reducing risks. The risk reduction of safe sex is not absolute; for example, the reduced risk to the receptive partner of acquiring HIV from HIV-seropositive partners not wearing condoms compared to when they wear them is estimated to be about a four to fivefold. Safe sex is effective in avoiding STIs only if both sexual partners agree on it. During sexual penetration while using a condom, for example, the male could intentionally pull off the condom and continue penetrating without the receptive partner's notice or consent. This is a high-risk behavior that betrays trust, and it may spread an STI.Although some safe sex practices can be used as birth control (contraception), most forms of contraception do not protect against STIs; likewise, some safe sex practices, like partner selection and low-risk sex behavior, are not effective forms of contraception but should be considered before engaging in any form of intercourse to reduce risk.
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