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Key Vulnerabilities to Public Health - Jonathan
Key Vulnerabilities to Public Health - Jonathan

... Probabilities of future extremes can be estimated given projections of mean temperature ...
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... years remain before the end of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, and the future shape of the international community’s commitment against climate change is still unclear – affecting investment decisions and slowing the growth of market mechanisms. The Clean Development Mechanism (CD ...
Staff Report CAP 2.0 2016 Final
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Happy Feet and Madagascar: Using Children`s Films to Teach the
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Teacher notes and student sheets

... costs of impacts in 2100 are very heavily discounted and so priced at a very low value compared to current costs; uncertainty is ignored in the argument (a recent calculation of the social cost of carbon by an economist comes up with a figure close to that of the Stern review). 11 So why is it, as M ...
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Climate change feedback



Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""
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