2014年8月16日托福阅读真题回忆
... Variations in the Climate One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measure of what constitutes the natural variability of the climate. We know that over the past millennia the climate h ...
... Variations in the Climate One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measure of what constitutes the natural variability of the climate. We know that over the past millennia the climate h ...
Climate Change–What Are They Thinking?
... Figure 3. September ice extent from 1979 to 2009 shows a continued decline. The September rate of sea ice decline since 1979 has now increased to 11.2 percent per decade. Sea Ice Index data. —Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center ...
... Figure 3. September ice extent from 1979 to 2009 shows a continued decline. The September rate of sea ice decline since 1979 has now increased to 11.2 percent per decade. Sea Ice Index data. —Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center ...
Europeans` perceptions of climate change and global warming: A
... The European countries and also the European Union have been a driving force in the field of climate policy. A couple of really ambitious decisions have been made, for instance a reduction of CO-2 emission of 20% by 2020 and even of 30% if an international agreement can be achieved. These announceme ...
... The European countries and also the European Union have been a driving force in the field of climate policy. A couple of really ambitious decisions have been made, for instance a reduction of CO-2 emission of 20% by 2020 and even of 30% if an international agreement can be achieved. These announceme ...
Highly contrasting effects of different climate forcing agents on
... change only (i.e. no physiological response) on NPP and R through altered surface meteorological conditions associated with +1 W m−2 of radiative forcing. Hence this plot allows comparison between the impact of individual physiological responses and climate change per se. (b) The combined influence o ...
... change only (i.e. no physiological response) on NPP and R through altered surface meteorological conditions associated with +1 W m−2 of radiative forcing. Hence this plot allows comparison between the impact of individual physiological responses and climate change per se. (b) The combined influence o ...
website and book lists
... Climate and Energy Crises Short Web and Book List With global warming visibly happening now, not in the distant future, notably with the tipping point crisis of Arctic sea ice, coal power plants have become a policy battleground. With conventional oil plateauing starting in 2005, and world fuel supp ...
... Climate and Energy Crises Short Web and Book List With global warming visibly happening now, not in the distant future, notably with the tipping point crisis of Arctic sea ice, coal power plants have become a policy battleground. With conventional oil plateauing starting in 2005, and world fuel supp ...
Climate change - OC Public Works
... warming in the mountainous western North America has led to a higher rain-to-snow ratio, lower snow water content, decline in March snow cover, and a shift toward earlier annual snowmelt timing by 5 to 30 days. These observations strongly support the need for incorporating climate change into long-t ...
... warming in the mountainous western North America has led to a higher rain-to-snow ratio, lower snow water content, decline in March snow cover, and a shift toward earlier annual snowmelt timing by 5 to 30 days. These observations strongly support the need for incorporating climate change into long-t ...
Globally averaged temperatures have increased since the mid
... northern Europe and Asia with emissions of sulfate aerosol from fossil fuel combustion, nitrate from combustion of diesel and gasoline, and organic carbon and soot (black carbon) from fossil fuel, bio-fuel, and biomass combustion. Long-term, ground-based measurements of sulfate and light scattering ...
... northern Europe and Asia with emissions of sulfate aerosol from fossil fuel combustion, nitrate from combustion of diesel and gasoline, and organic carbon and soot (black carbon) from fossil fuel, bio-fuel, and biomass combustion. Long-term, ground-based measurements of sulfate and light scattering ...
Climate Change: Implications for Transport
... Rising temperatures: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) concludes that climate change is unequivocal, and that human activities, particularly emissions of carbon dioxide, are very likely to be the dominant cause. Changes are observed in all geographica ...
... Rising temperatures: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) concludes that climate change is unequivocal, and that human activities, particularly emissions of carbon dioxide, are very likely to be the dominant cause. Changes are observed in all geographica ...
Official PDF , 28 pages
... and oil, and has the longest life in the atmosphere, thus accumulating over time. Atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide in recent years has reached 360 parts per million (ppm), compared with about 280 ppm around 1800, and on some current projections is headed to 700 ppm (two and a half times p ...
... and oil, and has the longest life in the atmosphere, thus accumulating over time. Atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide in recent years has reached 360 parts per million (ppm), compared with about 280 ppm around 1800, and on some current projections is headed to 700 ppm (two and a half times p ...
Dinnae expect onything an ye`ll no be disappointed
... At Dunstaffnage we can link local temperature and rainfall variability to patterns of established climate variability: rainfall to the North Atlantic Oscillation; temperatures to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. We can also identify the global warming temperature trend at Dunstaffnage and find that ...
... At Dunstaffnage we can link local temperature and rainfall variability to patterns of established climate variability: rainfall to the North Atlantic Oscillation; temperatures to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. We can also identify the global warming temperature trend at Dunstaffnage and find that ...
- Europa.eu
... evaluating with more certainty. As an example, the Amazon rainforest could disappear or monsoon rains could change”. Making an analogy, the Director of the Mario Molina Centre added that “a 10 percent probability that a building will collapse is totally unacceptable.” Climate Change impacts fall mos ...
... evaluating with more certainty. As an example, the Amazon rainforest could disappear or monsoon rains could change”. Making an analogy, the Director of the Mario Molina Centre added that “a 10 percent probability that a building will collapse is totally unacceptable.” Climate Change impacts fall mos ...
Jet trails above fueling weather changes below, researchers say
... degrees. But for the same period last year after the terrorist attacks, it rose to 38 degrees. Cirrus clouds affect temperature by reflecting some sunlight back into space during the day reducing the amount of infrared heat escaping from the earth at night, Travis explained. Scie long suspected that ...
... degrees. But for the same period last year after the terrorist attacks, it rose to 38 degrees. Cirrus clouds affect temperature by reflecting some sunlight back into space during the day reducing the amount of infrared heat escaping from the earth at night, Travis explained. Scie long suspected that ...
The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change
... million (ppm) in 1750, before the Industrial Revolution began. By 1994 it was 358 ppm and rising about 1.5 ppm per year. If emissions continue at the 1994 rate, the concentration will be around 500 ppm, nearly double the pre-industrial level, by the end of the 21st century. Other greenhouse gases li ...
... million (ppm) in 1750, before the Industrial Revolution began. By 1994 it was 358 ppm and rising about 1.5 ppm per year. If emissions continue at the 1994 rate, the concentration will be around 500 ppm, nearly double the pre-industrial level, by the end of the 21st century. Other greenhouse gases li ...
Slide 1
... Describe and explain long term patterns of climate change. (10) • Looking for knowledge and understanding. • Knowledge of the long term patterns of climate change and understanding of the processes that lead to these patterns. • Knowledge of examples. • What are the patterns that would be accepted? ...
... Describe and explain long term patterns of climate change. (10) • Looking for knowledge and understanding. • Knowledge of the long term patterns of climate change and understanding of the processes that lead to these patterns. • Knowledge of examples. • What are the patterns that would be accepted? ...
Eos, Vol. 87, No. 52, 26 December 2006
... The coldest epoch of the Little Ice Age created a commercial incentive for the beaver fur trade in Europe, and as such may have guided the course of history. A glut of beaver furs and the looming extinction of beavers may have led to the Dutch retreat from the Americas, but the disappearance of the ...
... The coldest epoch of the Little Ice Age created a commercial incentive for the beaver fur trade in Europe, and as such may have guided the course of history. A glut of beaver furs and the looming extinction of beavers may have led to the Dutch retreat from the Americas, but the disappearance of the ...
Political Science/ENTS 268
... Chasek, Downie, and Brown, Global Environmental Politics, 4th ed. (2006) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: General Synthesis (2006) Speth, Red Sky at Morning (2004) Victor, Climate Change (2004) Supplementary readings will be handed out in class. Other Requirements St ...
... Chasek, Downie, and Brown, Global Environmental Politics, 4th ed. (2006) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: General Synthesis (2006) Speth, Red Sky at Morning (2004) Victor, Climate Change (2004) Supplementary readings will be handed out in class. Other Requirements St ...
Abrupt Climate Change - National Snow and Ice Data Center
... Global Warming as a Possible Trigger Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are accumulating in the Earth's atmosphere and causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise. These gradual changes, along with other human alterations of the climate system (e.g., land-use chan ...
... Global Warming as a Possible Trigger Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are accumulating in the Earth's atmosphere and causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise. These gradual changes, along with other human alterations of the climate system (e.g., land-use chan ...
SOAR: The Science behind Solar Radiation, Greenhouse Gases
... Introduction Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum Blackbody radiation ...
... Introduction Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum Blackbody radiation ...
Climate Change Diplomacy: The Next Step
... ber conference was, in one crucial respect, a success—it kept the negotiating process going. The decisions on which the Hague talks foundered have only been postponed, for the rise in the global average temperature continues and appears to be accelerating. The negotiators are working under the press ...
... ber conference was, in one crucial respect, a success—it kept the negotiating process going. The decisions on which the Hague talks foundered have only been postponed, for the rise in the global average temperature continues and appears to be accelerating. The negotiators are working under the press ...
Meteorology - Chariho Regional School District
... Unit 3: Atmospheric Dynamics and Predicting Weather OVERVIEW Summary In this unit students will put into motion the concepts learned in the previous unit. This section will begin with a review of gravity and Newton’s laws. From here, students will learn how the global winds, ocean currents, and sta ...
... Unit 3: Atmospheric Dynamics and Predicting Weather OVERVIEW Summary In this unit students will put into motion the concepts learned in the previous unit. This section will begin with a review of gravity and Newton’s laws. From here, students will learn how the global winds, ocean currents, and sta ...
JEDC_email_exchange_1
... regional multipliers for other regions”. Apart from the EU, regional weight factors are provided for seven other regions, with mean values ranging from -0.35 for Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union (the only regional impact factor implying a positive change in GDP) to 2.5 for India. It is imp ...
... regional multipliers for other regions”. Apart from the EU, regional weight factors are provided for seven other regions, with mean values ranging from -0.35 for Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union (the only regional impact factor implying a positive change in GDP) to 2.5 for India. It is imp ...
Pattern scaled climate change scenarios: Are these useful for adaptation?
... iii. Responses to external forcing and natural internal variability are independent of each other, so that changes in anthropogenic forcing do not change the internal dynamics of the climate system. If these assumptions do not hold, then the approach is fundamentally flawed and its use to project ch ...
... iii. Responses to external forcing and natural internal variability are independent of each other, so that changes in anthropogenic forcing do not change the internal dynamics of the climate system. If these assumptions do not hold, then the approach is fundamentally flawed and its use to project ch ...
It`s Gettin` Hot In Here!
... causing increasing cloud cover in many of the forests and jungles of Central America resulting in a pattern where daytime temperature is actually cooler than normal (as there is not as much direct exposure to the sun) but night time temperature is warmer than normal (resulting from general global wa ...
... causing increasing cloud cover in many of the forests and jungles of Central America resulting in a pattern where daytime temperature is actually cooler than normal (as there is not as much direct exposure to the sun) but night time temperature is warmer than normal (resulting from general global wa ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""