Expanding the Concept of Human - Caused Climate
... climate model that reproduces the observed change in global air temperature over the last 50 years, but fails to quantitatively reproduce the observed change in ocean heat content, cannot be correct. The PCM has a relatively low sensitivity (less anthropogenic impact on climate) and captures both th ...
... climate model that reproduces the observed change in global air temperature over the last 50 years, but fails to quantitatively reproduce the observed change in ocean heat content, cannot be correct. The PCM has a relatively low sensitivity (less anthropogenic impact on climate) and captures both th ...
Governance and Management ClIMATE ChAnGE bRIEFInG pApER
... (and tomorrow’s) companies and their accountants. ...
... (and tomorrow’s) companies and their accountants. ...
Course Name: FW 345 Global Change Biology – The interface
... In an academic community, students and faculty, and staff each have responsibility for maintaining an appropriate learning environment, whether online or in the classroom. Students, faculty, and staff have the responsibility to treat each other with understanding, dignity and respect. Disruption of ...
... In an academic community, students and faculty, and staff each have responsibility for maintaining an appropriate learning environment, whether online or in the classroom. Students, faculty, and staff have the responsibility to treat each other with understanding, dignity and respect. Disruption of ...
Toward sustainable mitigation in agriculture and land use
... especially vulnerable, and which are known to increase substantially above a 1.5˚C level of warming10. It will also require that the agriculture and land use sectors undertake additional mitigation action, beyond current EU targets. Recommendations: ...
... especially vulnerable, and which are known to increase substantially above a 1.5˚C level of warming10. It will also require that the agriculture and land use sectors undertake additional mitigation action, beyond current EU targets. Recommendations: ...
Experts’ Workshop on Financing Environmental Global Public Goods: How to Raise the Money? 15(Wed.)‐16(Thurs.) May 2013
... trade systems, including ”Clean Development Markets (CDM),” where reductions from tradable allowances are sold as “offset credits,” and Joint Implementations. Carbon markets were anticipated to be a source of climate finance, dedicating a percentage of revenues, but the experience has be ...
... trade systems, including ”Clean Development Markets (CDM),” where reductions from tradable allowances are sold as “offset credits,” and Joint Implementations. Carbon markets were anticipated to be a source of climate finance, dedicating a percentage of revenues, but the experience has be ...
A CHANGING AGRICULTURE - Campaign for Science & …
... The role of the Chief Scientific Adviser to HM Government • Report to the Prime Minister and Cabinet • Responsible for the quality of all engineering and scientific advice across the whole of Government • Lead a network of departmental Chief ...
... The role of the Chief Scientific Adviser to HM Government • Report to the Prime Minister and Cabinet • Responsible for the quality of all engineering and scientific advice across the whole of Government • Lead a network of departmental Chief ...
Speech at the
... Good afternoon. Thanks for the invitation. My speech today will mainly focus on four aspects: China’s views towards climate change, China’s efforts and achievements, China’s position to COP15 and its future undertakings. China regards climate change as one of the most serious challenges in the 21 st ...
... Good afternoon. Thanks for the invitation. My speech today will mainly focus on four aspects: China’s views towards climate change, China’s efforts and achievements, China’s position to COP15 and its future undertakings. China regards climate change as one of the most serious challenges in the 21 st ...
Developing and Applying Scenarios: A summary from the Third
... • Assess risk according to how far climate change, in conjunction with other drivers of change, may drive activities beyond their coping range. • Focus on present and future vulnerability to ground future adaptation policy development in present-day experience. • Consider current development policie ...
... • Assess risk according to how far climate change, in conjunction with other drivers of change, may drive activities beyond their coping range. • Focus on present and future vulnerability to ground future adaptation policy development in present-day experience. • Consider current development policie ...
increase - WordPress.com
... • The tension between the recovery of the ozone hole and increasing greenhouse gases is an open issue. Simulated changes in surface pressure associated with observed changes (1958-1999) in each driver. Figure from Arblaster et al. (2006). ...
... • The tension between the recovery of the ozone hole and increasing greenhouse gases is an open issue. Simulated changes in surface pressure associated with observed changes (1958-1999) in each driver. Figure from Arblaster et al. (2006). ...
The ecological and economic consequences of Global Climate
... risks and the costs of GCC. As a consequence, it is still hotly debated whether climate will really change so badly, whether it is worthwhile to take action in the face of uncertainty and who is going to pay the costs - or enjoy the benefits - of either reducing GHG emissions (mitigation) or minimiz ...
... risks and the costs of GCC. As a consequence, it is still hotly debated whether climate will really change so badly, whether it is worthwhile to take action in the face of uncertainty and who is going to pay the costs - or enjoy the benefits - of either reducing GHG emissions (mitigation) or minimiz ...
Climate of Concern
... play a vital role by teaching about the environment and environmental issues but also in encouraging children to be advocates for their environment and actively participate in positive action towards the environment. However, according the literature (e.g. Jensen & Schnack, 1997), a clear understand ...
... play a vital role by teaching about the environment and environmental issues but also in encouraging children to be advocates for their environment and actively participate in positive action towards the environment. However, according the literature (e.g. Jensen & Schnack, 1997), a clear understand ...
a. How does Earth stay warm and comfortable in
... Most countries in the world have ratified treaties to deal with climate change. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol constitute two important instruments. Both recognise that climate change imply common but differentiated responsibilities. However there is ...
... Most countries in the world have ratified treaties to deal with climate change. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol constitute two important instruments. Both recognise that climate change imply common but differentiated responsibilities. However there is ...
Environmental Benefits of Recycling and Composting
... average in the U.S., incinerators emit more carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour than coal-fired, natural gas-fired, or oil-fired power plants. Many people believe that throwing food scraps and paper products into a landfill is harmless because they biodegrade. However, most people are surprised to lear ...
... average in the U.S., incinerators emit more carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour than coal-fired, natural gas-fired, or oil-fired power plants. Many people believe that throwing food scraps and paper products into a landfill is harmless because they biodegrade. However, most people are surprised to lear ...
Coping with climate change
... With children severely malnourished, animals weak or dying, and people struggling to find water, exceptionally dry conditions in the Horn of Africa have added to the cumulative effect of three to four consecutive seasons of poor or failed rains. Severe shortages of pasture and water, combined with h ...
... With children severely malnourished, animals weak or dying, and people struggling to find water, exceptionally dry conditions in the Horn of Africa have added to the cumulative effect of three to four consecutive seasons of poor or failed rains. Severe shortages of pasture and water, combined with h ...
Changes in El Niño and La Niña teleconnections over North Pacific
... An increase in the mean SST in the tropical Pacific can cause an eastward shift of the active convective center during El Niño events. For example, during the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) (1981-95) that features a meridional extended El Niño-like SST pattern (Zhang et al. 199 ...
... An increase in the mean SST in the tropical Pacific can cause an eastward shift of the active convective center during El Niño events. For example, during the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) (1981-95) that features a meridional extended El Niño-like SST pattern (Zhang et al. 199 ...
Oxford College - Campus | Oxford Learning College
... Of note, these gases constitute a natural greenhouse effect, which, in the absence of compounding human activities, is crucial for maintaining Earth as a habitable planet (Lutgens et al., 2014; Garrison and Ellis, 2016).√ Good effort here, well done. ...
... Of note, these gases constitute a natural greenhouse effect, which, in the absence of compounding human activities, is crucial for maintaining Earth as a habitable planet (Lutgens et al., 2014; Garrison and Ellis, 2016).√ Good effort here, well done. ...
The Role of Florests in Climate Change Policy: Carbon and Social
... The Amazon Rainforest plays an important role in the maintenance of rainfall steadiness, in regions beyond the boundaries of the actual river basin. There are evidences of the impact of hydrological dynamics in several regions of the planet, which springs from the role the forest itself plays, throu ...
... The Amazon Rainforest plays an important role in the maintenance of rainfall steadiness, in regions beyond the boundaries of the actual river basin. There are evidences of the impact of hydrological dynamics in several regions of the planet, which springs from the role the forest itself plays, throu ...
AIMES: Analysis, Integration and Modelling of the Earth System
... Ø Monitoring & Predicting Earth System Change. Ø Human-Environment Coupling. Ø Planet Earth as a Complex System. ...
... Ø Monitoring & Predicting Earth System Change. Ø Human-Environment Coupling. Ø Planet Earth as a Complex System. ...
Ocean Circulation and Climate: an Overview
... and prevents warmer interior waters from reaching the surface (Hansen et al., 2016). The surplus of subsurface heat is hence made available to melt ice shelves, which in turn leads, through a positive feedback, to further melt and stratification. Crevassing due to warming atmospheric temperatures an ...
... and prevents warmer interior waters from reaching the surface (Hansen et al., 2016). The surplus of subsurface heat is hence made available to melt ice shelves, which in turn leads, through a positive feedback, to further melt and stratification. Crevassing due to warming atmospheric temperatures an ...
Lord Nicholas Stern Towards A Global Deal on Climate Change
... enormous. Five degrees centigrade is not just the difference between Edinburgh and Madrid, or Maine and Florida; it transforms the planet. Last time we were 5˚C above where we are now was during the Eocene period, or 30 to 50 million years ago. e world was largely covered in swampy forest and there ...
... enormous. Five degrees centigrade is not just the difference between Edinburgh and Madrid, or Maine and Florida; it transforms the planet. Last time we were 5˚C above where we are now was during the Eocene period, or 30 to 50 million years ago. e world was largely covered in swampy forest and there ...
Research priorities in land use and land
... The IAM community also recognizes the importance of land use as a critical factor in socio-economic decision making, e.g. for food and timber production, valuation of the state of ecosystems and their services, and increasingly, as a response to demand for biofuels in the electricity and transportat ...
... The IAM community also recognizes the importance of land use as a critical factor in socio-economic decision making, e.g. for food and timber production, valuation of the state of ecosystems and their services, and increasingly, as a response to demand for biofuels in the electricity and transportat ...
The sustainability challenge to aviation
... 2009: UK 5% (DfT 6%) and Global 2.4% CCC 2050: UK ‘around 25%’ (according to specific assumptions relating to the national carbon budget) and Global ‘15-20%’ (according to assumptions relating to thresholds for the avoidance of ‘dangerous climate change’) CCC ...
... 2009: UK 5% (DfT 6%) and Global 2.4% CCC 2050: UK ‘around 25%’ (according to specific assumptions relating to the national carbon budget) and Global ‘15-20%’ (according to assumptions relating to thresholds for the avoidance of ‘dangerous climate change’) CCC ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""