Extreme Events - International Research Institute for Climate and
... • “There are a number of ways extreme climate events can be defined, such as extreme daily temperatures, extreme daily rainfall amounts, large areas experiencing unusually warm monthly temperatures, or even storm events such as hurricanes. Extreme events can also be defined by the impact an event ha ...
... • “There are a number of ways extreme climate events can be defined, such as extreme daily temperatures, extreme daily rainfall amounts, large areas experiencing unusually warm monthly temperatures, or even storm events such as hurricanes. Extreme events can also be defined by the impact an event ha ...
Consistency analysis
... • So far, and in the next few decades, the signal is limited to temperature and directly related variables, such as ice conditions. • Later, changes in the water cycle are expected to become obvious. • This regional warming will have a variety of effects on terrestrial and marine ecosystems – some p ...
... • So far, and in the next few decades, the signal is limited to temperature and directly related variables, such as ice conditions. • Later, changes in the water cycle are expected to become obvious. • This regional warming will have a variety of effects on terrestrial and marine ecosystems – some p ...
The Role of International Project Offices (IPOs) in
... and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere, and of how this coupled system affects and is affected by climate and environmental change. ...
... and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere, and of how this coupled system affects and is affected by climate and environmental change. ...
The Reality, Risks and Response to Climate Change
... today with concentrations breaking the 400 ppm mark just last year. The rate of increase during the past 100 to 150 years has been much more rapid than in other periods of the Earth’s history. The warming effect of CO2 and other heat-trapping gases is well established and can be demonstrated with si ...
... today with concentrations breaking the 400 ppm mark just last year. The rate of increase during the past 100 to 150 years has been much more rapid than in other periods of the Earth’s history. The warming effect of CO2 and other heat-trapping gases is well established and can be demonstrated with si ...
Scientific Rationale The Pliocene epoch (~ 5.33 to 2.59 Ma) is the
... circum-North Atlantic ice sheets developed. The latest reconstructions of atmospheric pCO2 concentrations indicate that during the Pliocene pCO2 was higher than pre-industrial and comparable or slightly higher than current (anthropogenic) values (Pagani et al., 2010; Bartoli et al., 2011; Badger et ...
... circum-North Atlantic ice sheets developed. The latest reconstructions of atmospheric pCO2 concentrations indicate that during the Pliocene pCO2 was higher than pre-industrial and comparable or slightly higher than current (anthropogenic) values (Pagani et al., 2010; Bartoli et al., 2011; Badger et ...
View item 8. as RTF 3 MB - Greater London Authority
... ‘Greening the BIDs’ project has encouraged 12 of these Districts to assess opportunities for Urban Greening to mitigate against overheating and surface water flooding; ...
... ‘Greening the BIDs’ project has encouraged 12 of these Districts to assess opportunities for Urban Greening to mitigate against overheating and surface water flooding; ...
Heinrich Event - EdShare - University of Southampton
... “In the North Atlantic region, therefore, there is sufficient agreement ... that changes in the THC were likely involved in abrupt climate changes. …., changes in the THC, even shutdowns - at least as represented in GCMs - cannot explain the magnitude of the cooling around the North Atlantic…. …., e ...
... “In the North Atlantic region, therefore, there is sufficient agreement ... that changes in the THC were likely involved in abrupt climate changes. …., changes in the THC, even shutdowns - at least as represented in GCMs - cannot explain the magnitude of the cooling around the North Atlantic…. …., e ...
Modes of the wintertime Arctic temperature variability Report No. 343
... The ongoing global warming during the last three decades exhibits highest trends in the Arctic [Hansen et al., 1999; Jones et al., 1999]. The surface air temperature, SAT, increase is accompanied by significant changes of the Arctic sea ice cover [Johannessen et al, 1999] and of the northern extratr ...
... The ongoing global warming during the last three decades exhibits highest trends in the Arctic [Hansen et al., 1999; Jones et al., 1999]. The surface air temperature, SAT, increase is accompanied by significant changes of the Arctic sea ice cover [Johannessen et al, 1999] and of the northern extratr ...
Climatic classification and future global
... dependent upon the climatic status quo. Then, it becomes obvious that accurate predictions of biospheric response to changing climate and atmospheric chemistry are the essential basis for decision making on policies designed to ameliorate or avoid climate change effects (IPCC 1992). In addition to t ...
... dependent upon the climatic status quo. Then, it becomes obvious that accurate predictions of biospheric response to changing climate and atmospheric chemistry are the essential basis for decision making on policies designed to ameliorate or avoid climate change effects (IPCC 1992). In addition to t ...
Climate Change - University of Technology Sydney
... gas into a solid. Similarly vast quantities of carbon are stored as very dilute carbonic acid in the ocean and are used by marine biota for photosynthesis. If the quantity of greenhouse gases increases in the atmosphere as a whole – either through the carbon cycle increasing the amou ...
... gas into a solid. Similarly vast quantities of carbon are stored as very dilute carbonic acid in the ocean and are used by marine biota for photosynthesis. If the quantity of greenhouse gases increases in the atmosphere as a whole – either through the carbon cycle increasing the amou ...
“icehouse” (cold) climates
... juxtaposition of glacial (icehouse) deposits with carbonate (greenhouse) deposits is striking. In the Snowball Earth scenario, which proposes that the world oceans froze entirely over (Hoffman et al., 1998; Hoffman and Schrag, 2002), cap carbonates play an integral role and are thought to have been ...
... juxtaposition of glacial (icehouse) deposits with carbonate (greenhouse) deposits is striking. In the Snowball Earth scenario, which proposes that the world oceans froze entirely over (Hoffman et al., 1998; Hoffman and Schrag, 2002), cap carbonates play an integral role and are thought to have been ...
Global Health Lesson Plan
... increased exposure of pollutants, and the increased use of agricultural chemicals to deal with heat stress on crops. Recommended Use: Document illustrative of how each health effect spirals into or out of the other. In essence, there’s a domino effect resulting from the increased temperature. Also, ...
... increased exposure of pollutants, and the increased use of agricultural chemicals to deal with heat stress on crops. Recommended Use: Document illustrative of how each health effect spirals into or out of the other. In essence, there’s a domino effect resulting from the increased temperature. Also, ...
Climate Change
... significant driver of earth s climate, if trump wants to save u s infrastructure he needs to president trump wants to make america s infrastructure great again he ll only be able to do that if he takes climate change into account, climate change denial wikipedia - climate change denial or global war ...
... significant driver of earth s climate, if trump wants to save u s infrastructure he needs to president trump wants to make america s infrastructure great again he ll only be able to do that if he takes climate change into account, climate change denial wikipedia - climate change denial or global war ...
National Geographic rising sea level prophecy
... time scientific data for each of them. 1. Has carbon dioxide warmed the Earth by more 1º F over the past century? Carbon dioxide is a trace gas that makes up only 0.039% of the atmosphere, accounts for only 3.6% of th ...
... time scientific data for each of them. 1. Has carbon dioxide warmed the Earth by more 1º F over the past century? Carbon dioxide is a trace gas that makes up only 0.039% of the atmosphere, accounts for only 3.6% of th ...
Mise en page 1 - World Climate Research Programme
... Ensembles of models and observations indicate that even the range of global mean temperature sensitivity is uncertain by a factor of two or more and that the uncertainty is greater at regional scales. Research is needed to determine which processes in model formulations are most important in determi ...
... Ensembles of models and observations indicate that even the range of global mean temperature sensitivity is uncertain by a factor of two or more and that the uncertainty is greater at regional scales. Research is needed to determine which processes in model formulations are most important in determi ...
Demographics of true and false climate facts
... show response patterns consistent with biased assimilation (and biased guessing) contributing to the correlation observed between climate beliefs and knowledge. The survey knowledge questions involve key, uncontroversial observations such as whether the area of late-summer Arctic sea ice has decline ...
... show response patterns consistent with biased assimilation (and biased guessing) contributing to the correlation observed between climate beliefs and knowledge. The survey knowledge questions involve key, uncontroversial observations such as whether the area of late-summer Arctic sea ice has decline ...
IMPACTS OF LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGE ON CLIMATE AND FUTURE RESEARCH PRIORITIES
... stable boundary layer (McNider et al. 1995), minimum temperature is highly sensitive to slight changes in cloud cover, greenhouse gases, and other radiative forcings. However, this sensitivity is reflective of a change in the turbulent state of the atmosphere and a redistribution of heat rather than ...
... stable boundary layer (McNider et al. 1995), minimum temperature is highly sensitive to slight changes in cloud cover, greenhouse gases, and other radiative forcings. However, this sensitivity is reflective of a change in the turbulent state of the atmosphere and a redistribution of heat rather than ...
this file - Carbon Finance at the World Bank
... Danish Carbon Fund. ~ $64 million (open to Danish participation). Danish Multi-shareholder. Multipurpose. ...
... Danish Carbon Fund. ~ $64 million (open to Danish participation). Danish Multi-shareholder. Multipurpose. ...
1. Climate Catastrophe - Global Commons Institute
... themselves from the report, continue to remain on the list. 12 Examples of flagrant misrepresentation in the report are rife. On the list, for instance, is “prominent scientist” Ray Kurzweil – not a scientist but an inventor. Worse, Kurzweil is not even a global warming skeptic. Rather, he argued th ...
... themselves from the report, continue to remain on the list. 12 Examples of flagrant misrepresentation in the report are rife. On the list, for instance, is “prominent scientist” Ray Kurzweil – not a scientist but an inventor. Worse, Kurzweil is not even a global warming skeptic. Rather, he argued th ...
misconceptions: barriers to improved climate literacy
... human-induced change, and the local expression of global change among members of the general public. Climate science literacy is an important concern as human-induced change in terrestrial cover and atmospheric chemistry result in changes to our global energy budget. Planetary citizens need improved ...
... human-induced change, and the local expression of global change among members of the general public. Climate science literacy is an important concern as human-induced change in terrestrial cover and atmospheric chemistry result in changes to our global energy budget. Planetary citizens need improved ...
A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics
... that of overpollution.10 Suppose that a number of distinct agents are trying to decide whether or not to engage in a polluting activity, and that their situation is characterised by the following two claims: (PD1) It is collectively rational to cooperate and restrict overall pollution: each agent pr ...
... that of overpollution.10 Suppose that a number of distinct agents are trying to decide whether or not to engage in a polluting activity, and that their situation is characterised by the following two claims: (PD1) It is collectively rational to cooperate and restrict overall pollution: each agent pr ...
andes mountains and human dimensions of
... hydrosphere with lack or rain-fed snow, erratic precipitation, diminishing water bodies and minimized aquifers. It is just recently, however, that the human dimension has been incorporated as a major pillar for our understanding of landscape change and the recent emphasis for funded research. In the ...
... hydrosphere with lack or rain-fed snow, erratic precipitation, diminishing water bodies and minimized aquifers. It is just recently, however, that the human dimension has been incorporated as a major pillar for our understanding of landscape change and the recent emphasis for funded research. In the ...
Unit 6
... Under the Protocol, countries' actual emissions have to be monitored and precise records have to be kept of the trades carried out. Registry systems track and record transactions by Parties under the mechanisms. The UN Climate Change Secretariat, based in Bonn, Germany, keeps an international transa ...
... Under the Protocol, countries' actual emissions have to be monitored and precise records have to be kept of the trades carried out. Registry systems track and record transactions by Parties under the mechanisms. The UN Climate Change Secretariat, based in Bonn, Germany, keeps an international transa ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""