Untangling the confusion around land carbon science and
... Figure 1 | Changes in the primary stocks of the global carbon cycle. a–c, A stylized illustration of the impact of human activity on the primary stocks over three time periods: the pre-agricultural era (>8,000 yr bp; a); pre-industrial era (8,000 yr bp to 1850; b); and contemporary era (1850 to the ...
... Figure 1 | Changes in the primary stocks of the global carbon cycle. a–c, A stylized illustration of the impact of human activity on the primary stocks over three time periods: the pre-agricultural era (>8,000 yr bp; a); pre-industrial era (8,000 yr bp to 1850; b); and contemporary era (1850 to the ...
The rise and rise of fluorinated greenhouse gases - Öko
... to a considerable extent – like in east Asia, south Asia and South America. This will lead to greater output of greenhouse gases, especially CO2. The 2050 share of developing countries’ F-gas emissions depends on the growth rate of F-gas emissions compared to the growth rate of emissions of other gr ...
... to a considerable extent – like in east Asia, south Asia and South America. This will lead to greater output of greenhouse gases, especially CO2. The 2050 share of developing countries’ F-gas emissions depends on the growth rate of F-gas emissions compared to the growth rate of emissions of other gr ...
Thresholds risk prolonged degradation Planetary boundaries
... framework for measuring stress to the Earth system and define a safe operating space for human existence on this planet. Rockström and co-authors suggest preliminary boundaries for the following indicators of environmental change: climate, ocean acidification, stratospheric ozone depletion, freshwat ...
... framework for measuring stress to the Earth system and define a safe operating space for human existence on this planet. Rockström and co-authors suggest preliminary boundaries for the following indicators of environmental change: climate, ocean acidification, stratospheric ozone depletion, freshwat ...
Challenges for management of freshwater ecosystems
... concentrations of organohalogens by favouring their desorption from land. Changes in precipitation will modify the rates at which organohalogens are incorporated into terrestrial waters and ecosystems. At higher atmospheric concentrations, these compounds will have greater direct impact on the human ...
... concentrations of organohalogens by favouring their desorption from land. Changes in precipitation will modify the rates at which organohalogens are incorporated into terrestrial waters and ecosystems. At higher atmospheric concentrations, these compounds will have greater direct impact on the human ...
Pulling Answers Out of the Air
... which is concentrated primarily in the lowest few miles of the troposphere (the lowest level of the atmosphere); there, it alone can range from 1 to 4 percent of air, while in the upper atmosphere it is essentially zero. Carbon dioxide is not a chemical pollutant in the same sense that the constitue ...
... which is concentrated primarily in the lowest few miles of the troposphere (the lowest level of the atmosphere); there, it alone can range from 1 to 4 percent of air, while in the upper atmosphere it is essentially zero. Carbon dioxide is not a chemical pollutant in the same sense that the constitue ...
Global climate change and non
... Years of studying GCC have led to fundamental conclusions about GCC and its anthropogenic contributions that are not in dispute by 97 to 98% of scientists who publish in the scientific peer-reviewed literature on GCC (Anderegg et al. 2010, Gleick et al. 2010). The conclusions include the following: ...
... Years of studying GCC have led to fundamental conclusions about GCC and its anthropogenic contributions that are not in dispute by 97 to 98% of scientists who publish in the scientific peer-reviewed literature on GCC (Anderegg et al. 2010, Gleick et al. 2010). The conclusions include the following: ...
This snapshot shows the ocean currents at a depth of 75 meters, as
... Jochem Marotzke, however, sees something very different in his mind’s eye: an enormous current of water. It starts at the equator, where warm masses of water roll off to high northern latitudes, then cool down, sink and flow slowly south once more as cold deep water. The Atlantic Meridional Overturn ...
... Jochem Marotzke, however, sees something very different in his mind’s eye: an enormous current of water. It starts at the equator, where warm masses of water roll off to high northern latitudes, then cool down, sink and flow slowly south once more as cold deep water. The Atlantic Meridional Overturn ...
age proofs oofs proofs proo
... • the spread of wavelengths radiated by the Sun at 6000 K (these are the wavelengths in sunlight) • the spread of wavelengths radiated by the Earth at 255 K or −18 °C. Note: The scale on the left is for sunlight, while the scale on the right is for the Earth’s radiation. The scales are markedly di ...
... • the spread of wavelengths radiated by the Sun at 6000 K (these are the wavelengths in sunlight) • the spread of wavelengths radiated by the Earth at 255 K or −18 °C. Note: The scale on the left is for sunlight, while the scale on the right is for the Earth’s radiation. The scales are markedly di ...
Planetary atmospheres
... • Greater tilt makes more extreme seasons, while smaller tilt keeps polar regions colder ...
... • Greater tilt makes more extreme seasons, while smaller tilt keeps polar regions colder ...
Mass-media coverage, its influence on public awareness of climate
... This trend in Japanese mass-media coverage is different from that in the UK. Boykoff (2007) investigated the numbers of articles on climate change in three prestigious newspapers in the UK by month from 2003 to 2006. He found a steady increase in coverage in both countries, in contrast to the up-and ...
... This trend in Japanese mass-media coverage is different from that in the UK. Boykoff (2007) investigated the numbers of articles on climate change in three prestigious newspapers in the UK by month from 2003 to 2006. He found a steady increase in coverage in both countries, in contrast to the up-and ...
Climate change, migration and corruption
... Africa and Middle East bordering on the Mediterranean, are most vulnerable to climate change through droughts in North Africa, water scarcity and land overuse, soil degradation and loss of arable land. The Nile Delta is also a risk-prone area. Water systems in the Middle East are under stress and th ...
... Africa and Middle East bordering on the Mediterranean, are most vulnerable to climate change through droughts in North Africa, water scarcity and land overuse, soil degradation and loss of arable land. The Nile Delta is also a risk-prone area. Water systems in the Middle East are under stress and th ...
The climate and climate change - Dept of Meteorology Home Page
... bubbles in Antarctic Ice. Can recover ice & gases that have been stored for 10 000s of years. Can measure levels of Greenhouse gases in Ancient atmosphere. ...
... bubbles in Antarctic Ice. Can recover ice & gases that have been stored for 10 000s of years. Can measure levels of Greenhouse gases in Ancient atmosphere. ...
Climate change effects on Mount Kenya`s Glaciers
... Throughout the tropics, all the glaciers are receding. Whether the cause is decreased humidity or increased temperature, the results are the same. In the Andes precipitation has increased in the last hundred years, but the glaciers are still retreating. It seems that rising air temperature, not redu ...
... Throughout the tropics, all the glaciers are receding. Whether the cause is decreased humidity or increased temperature, the results are the same. In the Andes precipitation has increased in the last hundred years, but the glaciers are still retreating. It seems that rising air temperature, not redu ...
Climate Change and Children - Nemours Children`s Health System
... by incoming solar radiation alone and raising the global average surface temperature to its current 15 C (59 F) [6]. Without this warming, the earth’s diurnal temperature range would increase dramatically, and the global average surface temperature would be about 33 C (91 F) colder. Although atm ...
... by incoming solar radiation alone and raising the global average surface temperature to its current 15 C (59 F) [6]. Without this warming, the earth’s diurnal temperature range would increase dramatically, and the global average surface temperature would be about 33 C (91 F) colder. Although atm ...
unburnable carbon: why we need to leave fossil fuels in the ground
... coasts are potentially exposed to rising sea levels over the next 85 years. A 2°C rise in temperature has long been considered a threshold that should not be crossed given the potential for catastrophic consequences. For instance, the threshold to trigger the melting of the Greenland ice-sheet, whic ...
... coasts are potentially exposed to rising sea levels over the next 85 years. A 2°C rise in temperature has long been considered a threshold that should not be crossed given the potential for catastrophic consequences. For instance, the threshold to trigger the melting of the Greenland ice-sheet, whic ...
Programme of Study Example 1 Word Document | GCSE
... resource. Hodder will be publishing a textbook that follows this type of structure (i.e. it corresponds closely to the structure of the content) but does not necessarily use these examples. The programme of study has been provided as a Word Document so it can be edited with your own examples/place s ...
... resource. Hodder will be publishing a textbook that follows this type of structure (i.e. it corresponds closely to the structure of the content) but does not necessarily use these examples. The programme of study has been provided as a Word Document so it can be edited with your own examples/place s ...
PDF - Journal of Resources and Ecology
... (Zeng et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2013). Phenology extraction methods may be another important source of variation ...
... (Zeng et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2013). Phenology extraction methods may be another important source of variation ...
borehole
... centuries is greater in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere: the five-century cumulative change is 1.1 K in the former, and 0.8 K in the latter. The twentieth-century temperature change is 0.6 K in the Northern Hemisphere compared with 0.4 K in the Southern Hemisphere. These valu ...
... centuries is greater in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere: the five-century cumulative change is 1.1 K in the former, and 0.8 K in the latter. The twentieth-century temperature change is 0.6 K in the Northern Hemisphere compared with 0.4 K in the Southern Hemisphere. These valu ...
Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations
... giving industrialized countries some flexibility in how they meet their emission reduction”, (UNFCC, 2009), yet, as the CDM is an alternative to domestic emissions reductions, it would not produce any more or less greenhouse gas emission reductions than devoid its use. Additionally, there is tremend ...
... giving industrialized countries some flexibility in how they meet their emission reduction”, (UNFCC, 2009), yet, as the CDM is an alternative to domestic emissions reductions, it would not produce any more or less greenhouse gas emission reductions than devoid its use. Additionally, there is tremend ...
Predicting and verifying the intended and unintended consequences
... and discussed elsewhere in this Theme Section (see Law 2008, Watson et al. 2008): (1) Phytoplankton would bloom, leading to depletion of macronutrients in the surface layer. (2) After varying degrees of repackaging through food web processes and the formation of aggregates (marine snow), a proportio ...
... and discussed elsewhere in this Theme Section (see Law 2008, Watson et al. 2008): (1) Phytoplankton would bloom, leading to depletion of macronutrients in the surface layer. (2) After varying degrees of repackaging through food web processes and the formation of aggregates (marine snow), a proportio ...
The Changing Himalayas
... profound and widespread effects on the availability of, and access to, water resources. By the 2050s, access to freshwater in Asia, particularly in large basins, is projected to decrease. ...
... profound and widespread effects on the availability of, and access to, water resources. By the 2050s, access to freshwater in Asia, particularly in large basins, is projected to decrease. ...
Climate change variables in relation to direct
... Those who reported having such encounters were very different to those who had not had such experiences, i.e., they evidenced very different scores on almost all core Psychological variables from those without such experience. ...
... Those who reported having such encounters were very different to those who had not had such experiences, i.e., they evidenced very different scores on almost all core Psychological variables from those without such experience. ...
Carbon markets as a sustainable development challenge
... significant increases are not expected given the magnitude of expected trade increase.” Final Environment Assessment of the Canada-Colombia and Canada-Peru Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Negotiations: “Climate change due to increased GHG emissions is an important transboundary environmental issue. The F ...
... significant increases are not expected given the magnitude of expected trade increase.” Final Environment Assessment of the Canada-Colombia and Canada-Peru Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Negotiations: “Climate change due to increased GHG emissions is an important transboundary environmental issue. The F ...
Transformative ecosystem change and ecohydrology
... (Ryan et al., 2008a). Although fires are a natural part of these forests, it appears that the types of fires large enough to devastate entire stands of trees are increasing. A warming climate is largely responsible, although past land-management policies have contributed as well (Swetnam et al., 199 ...
... (Ryan et al., 2008a). Although fires are a natural part of these forests, it appears that the types of fires large enough to devastate entire stands of trees are increasing. A warming climate is largely responsible, although past land-management policies have contributed as well (Swetnam et al., 199 ...
Impacts of climate change on livestock and meeting its
... land use and deforestation to create pasture land. ...
... land use and deforestation to create pasture land. ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""