Climate Change in Colorado: A Synthesis to Support Water Resources Management and Adaptation.
... Colorado is in step with regional and global warming that has been linked to increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Annual precipitation, which has high natural variability, has not seen a statewide trend over that period. However, some drought indicators have worsened due to the ...
... Colorado is in step with regional and global warming that has been linked to increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Annual precipitation, which has high natural variability, has not seen a statewide trend over that period. However, some drought indicators have worsened due to the ...
Global assessment of coral bleaching and required rates
... temperatures (Douglas, 2003; Hughes et al., 2003). Corals may be capable of adapting to thermal stress by shifting to symbioses with more temperature-tolerant species of Symbiodinium (Brown et al., 2002; Baker et al., 2004; Rowan, 2004), although the strength of the evidence is still a matter of deb ...
... temperatures (Douglas, 2003; Hughes et al., 2003). Corals may be capable of adapting to thermal stress by shifting to symbioses with more temperature-tolerant species of Symbiodinium (Brown et al., 2002; Baker et al., 2004; Rowan, 2004), although the strength of the evidence is still a matter of deb ...
Ocean Acidification Summary for Policymakers
... Appropriate management of land use and land-use change can enhance uptake of atmospheric CO2 by vegetation and soils through activities such as restoration of wetlands, planting new forests and reforestation. Geoengineering proposals that do not reduce atmospheric CO2 – for example, methods that ...
... Appropriate management of land use and land-use change can enhance uptake of atmospheric CO2 by vegetation and soils through activities such as restoration of wetlands, planting new forests and reforestation. Geoengineering proposals that do not reduce atmospheric CO2 – for example, methods that ...
SCOR (2013)
... Appropriate management of land use and land-use change can enhance uptake of atmospheric CO2 by vegetation and soils through activities such as restoration of wetlands, planting new forests and reforestation. Geoengineering proposals that do not reduce atmospheric CO2 – for example, methods that ...
... Appropriate management of land use and land-use change can enhance uptake of atmospheric CO2 by vegetation and soils through activities such as restoration of wetlands, planting new forests and reforestation. Geoengineering proposals that do not reduce atmospheric CO2 – for example, methods that ...
From Risk to Return: Investing in Climate Change Adaptation
... be somewhat of a misnomer when talking about climate impacts such as heat. A 2°C target refers to an increase in global average temperature (which is currently 15°C), relative to a pre-industrial baseline. 2°C warming does not simply translate into an increase of 2°C in maximum temperature, but rath ...
... be somewhat of a misnomer when talking about climate impacts such as heat. A 2°C target refers to an increase in global average temperature (which is currently 15°C), relative to a pre-industrial baseline. 2°C warming does not simply translate into an increase of 2°C in maximum temperature, but rath ...
Bathtub Dynamics: An Introduction to Stocks and Flows
... 2. If you are concerned that such difficulty would cause your students to lose interest, then begin this exercise with the Bathtub Dynamics and Climate Change presentation to introduce the concepts of stocks and flows. ...
... 2. If you are concerned that such difficulty would cause your students to lose interest, then begin this exercise with the Bathtub Dynamics and Climate Change presentation to introduce the concepts of stocks and flows. ...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION SUCCESS: THE SCOPE OF
... assumption that there are social, ecological, economic, political, technical, institutional, psychological and cultural dimensions to consider), and that, therefore, there will not and cannot be just one answer. For example, judging merely the achievement of economic goals (such as optimization or c ...
... assumption that there are social, ecological, economic, political, technical, institutional, psychological and cultural dimensions to consider), and that, therefore, there will not and cannot be just one answer. For example, judging merely the achievement of economic goals (such as optimization or c ...
New Zealand glacier response to climate change of the past 2
... 1989.. Response times for most valley glaciers are in the order of 10–50 years ŽOerlemans, 1994.. The lag between a change in mass balance and the first significant response at the terminus Žnot including the immediate effects of terminus ablation changes. is the ‘lag time’ or ‘terminus response tim ...
... 1989.. Response times for most valley glaciers are in the order of 10–50 years ŽOerlemans, 1994.. The lag between a change in mass balance and the first significant response at the terminus Žnot including the immediate effects of terminus ablation changes. is the ‘lag time’ or ‘terminus response tim ...
Manuscript - CSIRO Research Publications Repository
... decision-making process associated with change management itself. The vast majority of proposed adaptation response strategies described in the agricultural production literature, however, aim to inform only the short-term tactical decisions for incremental change (e.g. Stokes and Howden, 2010). Suc ...
... decision-making process associated with change management itself. The vast majority of proposed adaptation response strategies described in the agricultural production literature, however, aim to inform only the short-term tactical decisions for incremental change (e.g. Stokes and Howden, 2010). Suc ...
Climate Change Risk Assessment for the Australian Indian Ocean
... Darwin and about 975 kilometres southwest of Christmas Island. The group consists of 27 low lying coral atolls with around 14 km2 of emerged lands and 26 kilometres of coastline, of which only two islands are inhabited. The island group is divided between 26 islands in the south and an isolated isla ...
... Darwin and about 975 kilometres southwest of Christmas Island. The group consists of 27 low lying coral atolls with around 14 km2 of emerged lands and 26 kilometres of coastline, of which only two islands are inhabited. The island group is divided between 26 islands in the south and an isolated isla ...
Simulating Transient Climate Evolution of the Last
... people. I am deeply indebted to my adviser, Professor Zhengyu Liu, who brought me into the fascinating field of paleoclimatology and provided me his full trust in carrying out one of the most epic numerical modeling in the climate community to date. I am always encouraged by his passion for science ...
... people. I am deeply indebted to my adviser, Professor Zhengyu Liu, who brought me into the fascinating field of paleoclimatology and provided me his full trust in carrying out one of the most epic numerical modeling in the climate community to date. I am always encouraged by his passion for science ...
2015 Arctic Report Card
... As sea ice retreat becomes more extensive in summer and previously ice-covered water is exposed to more solar radiation, sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean temperatures are increasing throughout much of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas. The Chukchi Sea northwest of Alaska and eastern Ba ...
... As sea ice retreat becomes more extensive in summer and previously ice-covered water is exposed to more solar radiation, sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean temperatures are increasing throughout much of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas. The Chukchi Sea northwest of Alaska and eastern Ba ...
Mapping climate change
... be located on the border between two zones: with more summer precipitation in northern Scandinavia and less in central and southern Europe. Danish waters will become warmer, less salty and with higher sea levels. Weather extremes will generally be more likely and this will mean more intense and more ...
... be located on the border between two zones: with more summer precipitation in northern Scandinavia and less in central and southern Europe. Danish waters will become warmer, less salty and with higher sea levels. Weather extremes will generally be more likely and this will mean more intense and more ...
Lightning Applications in Weather and Climate Research
... temperatures, but also the temperature profile (lapse rate) in the atmosphere as greenhouse gases increase. There are three possibilities regarding the mean vertical temperature profile in the troposphere as greenhouse gases increase and surface temperatures warm (Fig. 2). If the surface warms more ...
... temperatures, but also the temperature profile (lapse rate) in the atmosphere as greenhouse gases increase. There are three possibilities regarding the mean vertical temperature profile in the troposphere as greenhouse gases increase and surface temperatures warm (Fig. 2). If the surface warms more ...
Climate Change Vulnerability Of Mountain
... people, who are dependent on the biological resources. Realising the importance of mountains as ecosystems of crucial significance, the Convention on Biological Diversity specifically developed a Programme of Work on Mountain Biodiversity in 2004 aimed at reducing the loss of mountain biological div ...
... people, who are dependent on the biological resources. Realising the importance of mountains as ecosystems of crucial significance, the Convention on Biological Diversity specifically developed a Programme of Work on Mountain Biodiversity in 2004 aimed at reducing the loss of mountain biological div ...
Optimal intensity targets for greenhouse gas emissions
... International climate negotiations are a case in point. After the Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997, debate raged over how much the Kyoto commitments would cost (Toman 2004). Estimates diverged widely (Weyant 1999), and the fact that meeting the Protocol’s fixed quantity targets might have led to co ...
... International climate negotiations are a case in point. After the Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997, debate raged over how much the Kyoto commitments would cost (Toman 2004). Estimates diverged widely (Weyant 1999), and the fact that meeting the Protocol’s fixed quantity targets might have led to co ...
Climate Change Risk and Vulnerability
... in many countries and in the international negotiations on climate change, an unwillingness to devote serious attention to adaptation strategies. Some level of climate change is inevitable irrespective of emission reduction strategies. This inevitability is reflected in the conclusion of the IPCC in ...
... in many countries and in the international negotiations on climate change, an unwillingness to devote serious attention to adaptation strategies. Some level of climate change is inevitable irrespective of emission reduction strategies. This inevitability is reflected in the conclusion of the IPCC in ...
Adaptation: Needs, Financing and Institutions
... Action on climate change can take the form of mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation concerns all policies and measures aimed at reducing the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2, or at capturing them in forests, oceans or underground reservoirs. Adaptation is the term used to describe all activi ...
... Action on climate change can take the form of mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation concerns all policies and measures aimed at reducing the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2, or at capturing them in forests, oceans or underground reservoirs. Adaptation is the term used to describe all activi ...
Durban Climate Change Strategy
... the 21st Century. Historical records show that the earth‟s climate has varied naturally over time; however, human-induced climate change refers specifically to global warming that is occurring as a result of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from a wide range of human activities. The latest resea ...
... the 21st Century. Historical records show that the earth‟s climate has varied naturally over time; however, human-induced climate change refers specifically to global warming that is occurring as a result of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from a wide range of human activities. The latest resea ...
Extreme Weather Events in Europe: preparing for climate change
... February mean temperature 3.6 Observed trends, in % per decade for 1951–2003, in the contribution to total annual precipitation from very wet days (95th percentile) 3.7 Changes in spatial patterns of precipitation intensity (defined as the annual total precipitation divided by the number of wet days ...
... February mean temperature 3.6 Observed trends, in % per decade for 1951–2003, in the contribution to total annual precipitation from very wet days (95th percentile) 3.7 Changes in spatial patterns of precipitation intensity (defined as the annual total precipitation divided by the number of wet days ...
Arctic tundra fires: natural variability and responses to climate change
... ecoregions with a wide range of fire regimes. For instance, within Alaska, the observational record of the past 60 years indicates that only 1.4% of the North Slope ecoregion has burned (Rocha et al. 2012); 68% of the total burned area in this ecoregion was associated with a single event, the 2007 A ...
... ecoregions with a wide range of fire regimes. For instance, within Alaska, the observational record of the past 60 years indicates that only 1.4% of the North Slope ecoregion has burned (Rocha et al. 2012); 68% of the total burned area in this ecoregion was associated with a single event, the 2007 A ...
Arctic tundra fires: natural variability and responses to climate change
... ecoregions with a wide range of fire regimes. For instance, within Alaska, the observational record of the past 60 years indicates that only 1.4% of the North Slope ecoregion has burned (Rocha et al. 2012); 68% of the total burned area in this ecoregion was associated with a single event, the 2007 A ...
... ecoregions with a wide range of fire regimes. For instance, within Alaska, the observational record of the past 60 years indicates that only 1.4% of the North Slope ecoregion has burned (Rocha et al. 2012); 68% of the total burned area in this ecoregion was associated with a single event, the 2007 A ...
PDF
... for responding to local weather variability. Corn farmers in the Corn Belt push back planting dates in response to a wet spring, for example, and may switch to soybean production if persistent wet weather delays corn planting excessively. During extremely dry periods, farmers in the Plains States ma ...
... for responding to local weather variability. Corn farmers in the Corn Belt push back planting dates in response to a wet spring, for example, and may switch to soybean production if persistent wet weather delays corn planting excessively. During extremely dry periods, farmers in the Plains States ma ...
Impact Assessment on Aquaculture Framers in Sarawak, Malaysia
... The climate change also will cause the modification to evaporation and precipitation cycle and harm mostly to the salt water aquaculture. The most dangerous effects for aquaculture production and other coastal activities are the occurrence of storm surges, waves, and coastal erosion. The severe stor ...
... The climate change also will cause the modification to evaporation and precipitation cycle and harm mostly to the salt water aquaculture. The most dangerous effects for aquaculture production and other coastal activities are the occurrence of storm surges, waves, and coastal erosion. The severe stor ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""