GSK Public policy positions
... regulate the market. The EU is aiming to obtain 20% of the energy that it uses from renewable sources before the end of 2020. California in the US requires the state’s utilities to generate a third of their power from renewable sources by 2020. International Protocols have also been negotiated which ...
... regulate the market. The EU is aiming to obtain 20% of the energy that it uses from renewable sources before the end of 2020. California in the US requires the state’s utilities to generate a third of their power from renewable sources by 2020. International Protocols have also been negotiated which ...
Climate change adaptation
... Sydney Water provides sustainable water and wastewater services to over four million people. We have extensive experience managing climatic and weather-related extreme events through an adaptive management approach, embedded in corporate planning and risk management protocols. Climate change can alt ...
... Sydney Water provides sustainable water and wastewater services to over four million people. We have extensive experience managing climatic and weather-related extreme events through an adaptive management approach, embedded in corporate planning and risk management protocols. Climate change can alt ...
The Collaborative Program on the Ethical Dimensions of Climate
... question of how to allocate emissions targets among nations so that total atmospheric concentrations of GHGs do not exceed very dangerous levels. In the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 180 nations, including the United States, agreed that each country should reduce its em ...
... question of how to allocate emissions targets among nations so that total atmospheric concentrations of GHGs do not exceed very dangerous levels. In the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 180 nations, including the United States, agreed that each country should reduce its em ...
GHG Emission Reductions Targets and the Role for
... • “Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations.” • “Continued GHG emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate ...
... • “Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations.” • “Continued GHG emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate ...
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... by 2050.18 Major emitters in the developing world would maintain a trajectory of rising emissions to 2020, peaking at around 80 percent of current levels, with cuts of 20 percent against 1990 levels by 2050.19 ...
... by 2050.18 Major emitters in the developing world would maintain a trajectory of rising emissions to 2020, peaking at around 80 percent of current levels, with cuts of 20 percent against 1990 levels by 2050.19 ...
Climate Change Adaptation through Land Use Planning
... The guide is mainly intended for a planning audience, such as planning staff from municipalities and planning districts, consultants and provincial staff involved with land use planning. However, it is anticipated the topic will also appeal to a wider audience. ...
... The guide is mainly intended for a planning audience, such as planning staff from municipalities and planning districts, consultants and provincial staff involved with land use planning. However, it is anticipated the topic will also appeal to a wider audience. ...
From Montreal to Kyoto – can we learn some lessons?
... expertise and experience that has been built up in one area does not get transferred efficiently to the other one. The experience of providing scientific advice to policymakers and industry on ozone depletion is a prime example of dealing with uncertainties in an evolving field of knowledge, and of ...
... expertise and experience that has been built up in one area does not get transferred efficiently to the other one. The experience of providing scientific advice to policymakers and industry on ozone depletion is a prime example of dealing with uncertainties in an evolving field of knowledge, and of ...
High Speed Rail aff – DDI 2012 KM
... Reducing a fraction of air transportation helps solve for air pollution Plumer 12, Brad Plumer, reporter at the Washington Post writing about domestic policy, particularly nergy and environmental issues, 03-15-12, “What’s going to kill us in 2050? Air pollution – and lots of it,” http://www.washingt ...
... Reducing a fraction of air transportation helps solve for air pollution Plumer 12, Brad Plumer, reporter at the Washington Post writing about domestic policy, particularly nergy and environmental issues, 03-15-12, “What’s going to kill us in 2050? Air pollution – and lots of it,” http://www.washingt ...
Climate Change Impacts on U.S. Coastal and Marine Ecosystems
... of the coastal and marine resources sector review of potential impacts on shorelines, estuaries, coastal wetlands, coral reefs, and ocean margin ecosystems. The assessment considered the impacts of several key drivers of climate change: sea level change; alterations in precipitation patterns and sub ...
... of the coastal and marine resources sector review of potential impacts on shorelines, estuaries, coastal wetlands, coral reefs, and ocean margin ecosystems. The assessment considered the impacts of several key drivers of climate change: sea level change; alterations in precipitation patterns and sub ...
CATF FAQ - Superior Watershed Partnership
... What does CATF hope to accomplish and who can join in the effort? The Marquette County Climate Adaptation Task Force was created to help local leaders and the general public to think proactively about the effects of climate change and to develop strategies that will make the Upper Peninsula more res ...
... What does CATF hope to accomplish and who can join in the effort? The Marquette County Climate Adaptation Task Force was created to help local leaders and the general public to think proactively about the effects of climate change and to develop strategies that will make the Upper Peninsula more res ...
... the end of the 21st century. The expected number of extreme warm days grows from about 14 days to about 31 days in the long run, compared to its value of the reference period 1961-1990. The expected number of extreme hot days is estimated to increase more drastically, from the yearly mean of about 1 ...
LCA - Agri Base
... materials (buildings). Acidification Potential (AP) for emissions to air is calculated with the adapted RAINS 10 model, describing the fate and deposition of acidifying substances. AP is expressed as kg SO2 equivalents/ kg emission. The time span is eternity and the geographical scale varies between ...
... materials (buildings). Acidification Potential (AP) for emissions to air is calculated with the adapted RAINS 10 model, describing the fate and deposition of acidifying substances. AP is expressed as kg SO2 equivalents/ kg emission. The time span is eternity and the geographical scale varies between ...
AAAS_What We Know
... responsible for the increase in the intensity of many of these events in recent years. 2. We are at risk of pushing our climate system toward abrupt, unpredictable, and potentially irreversible changes with highly damaging impacts. Earth’s climate is on a path to warm beyond the range of what has be ...
... responsible for the increase in the intensity of many of these events in recent years. 2. We are at risk of pushing our climate system toward abrupt, unpredictable, and potentially irreversible changes with highly damaging impacts. Earth’s climate is on a path to warm beyond the range of what has be ...
Global Environmental Change Volume 42, Issue 1, January 2017 1
... development versus environmental sustainability in Australia from 1843 to 2011 Authors: Jing Wei, Yongping Wei, Andrew Western. Abstract: Societal values are generally seen as leading to changes in human decisions and behavior, but have not been addressed adequately in current water management, whi ...
... development versus environmental sustainability in Australia from 1843 to 2011 Authors: Jing Wei, Yongping Wei, Andrew Western. Abstract: Societal values are generally seen as leading to changes in human decisions and behavior, but have not been addressed adequately in current water management, whi ...
Geographic Variations in Anthropogenic Drivers
... since the mid-1990s, and there is great economic and political pressure to develop a new gas pipeline, perhaps in cooperation with neighboring Canada (24). In addition, the state regularly sells land, including remote parcels, into private ownership. Although such parcels may not have large direct i ...
... since the mid-1990s, and there is great economic and political pressure to develop a new gas pipeline, perhaps in cooperation with neighboring Canada (24). In addition, the state regularly sells land, including remote parcels, into private ownership. Although such parcels may not have large direct i ...
ppt - UMD | Atmospheric and Oceanic Science
... water, and momentum at the air-sea interface. The air-sea heat exchange includes a number of processes: solar radiation, longwave radiation, sensible heat transfer by conduction and convection, and latent heat release by evaporation of sea surface water. The amount of heat exchange resulting from th ...
... water, and momentum at the air-sea interface. The air-sea heat exchange includes a number of processes: solar radiation, longwave radiation, sensible heat transfer by conduction and convection, and latent heat release by evaporation of sea surface water. The amount of heat exchange resulting from th ...
PROXY MEMORANDUM To: Marathon Petroleum Corporation
... Speedway stations also offer compressed natural gas in areas where demand exists. The company also has a partnership with Argonne National Laboratory that works to improve engine efficiency. 14 While these efforts are commendable, they do little to prepare the company for a low-carbon future. This i ...
... Speedway stations also offer compressed natural gas in areas where demand exists. The company also has a partnership with Argonne National Laboratory that works to improve engine efficiency. 14 While these efforts are commendable, they do little to prepare the company for a low-carbon future. This i ...
Neymar, Serena Williams and Kolo Touré join
... encouraging them to drive change in their own communities,” said UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake. “Young people can help achieve the global goals by holding their leaders accountable for the promises they are making – and by holding themselves accountable for building a better future for ever ...
... encouraging them to drive change in their own communities,” said UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake. “Young people can help achieve the global goals by holding their leaders accountable for the promises they are making – and by holding themselves accountable for building a better future for ever ...
Air Pollution and Climate
... • decreased lifetime of CH4 and HFCs (via OH): radiative forcing • increase in O3: radiative forcing • increased N deposition fertilization CO2 uptake: radiative forcing Net effect not yet clear, but significant impacts on radiative forcing expected for 2100 (IPCC TAR, 2001) ...
... • decreased lifetime of CH4 and HFCs (via OH): radiative forcing • increase in O3: radiative forcing • increased N deposition fertilization CO2 uptake: radiative forcing Net effect not yet clear, but significant impacts on radiative forcing expected for 2100 (IPCC TAR, 2001) ...
Air Pollution and Climate
... • decreased lifetime of CH4 and HFCs (via OH): radiative forcing • increase in O3: radiative forcing • increased N deposition fertilization CO2 uptake: radiative forcing Net effect not yet clear, but significant impacts on radiative forcing expected for 2100 (IPCC TAR, 2001) ...
... • decreased lifetime of CH4 and HFCs (via OH): radiative forcing • increase in O3: radiative forcing • increased N deposition fertilization CO2 uptake: radiative forcing Net effect not yet clear, but significant impacts on radiative forcing expected for 2100 (IPCC TAR, 2001) ...
Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long
... litter. Our study suggests that projected release of soil nutrients associated with high-latitude warming may further amplify carbon release from soils, causing a net loss of ecosystem carbon and a positive feedback to climate warming. The effects of climate warming on ecosystem carbon (C) storage r ...
... litter. Our study suggests that projected release of soil nutrients associated with high-latitude warming may further amplify carbon release from soils, causing a net loss of ecosystem carbon and a positive feedback to climate warming. The effects of climate warming on ecosystem carbon (C) storage r ...
The UNFCCC process and National GHG inventories
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It provides some historical background for the Convention; highlights its primary goals and the statistical mechanisms associated to its implementation: namely the processes of monitoring, reporting and verification. Following the princ ...
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It provides some historical background for the Convention; highlights its primary goals and the statistical mechanisms associated to its implementation: namely the processes of monitoring, reporting and verification. Following the princ ...
The Marginal Damage Costs of Different Greenhouse Gases: An
... damage potentials are higher than GWPs in nearly all sensitivities. This finding suggests that previous papers using GWPs may be underestimating the relative importance of reducing noncarbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions from a climate damage perspective. Of particular interest is the sensitivity ...
... damage potentials are higher than GWPs in nearly all sensitivities. This finding suggests that previous papers using GWPs may be underestimating the relative importance of reducing noncarbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions from a climate damage perspective. Of particular interest is the sensitivity ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""