Climate Change and International Deforestation: Legislative Analysis
... results in carbon emissions when trees and underlying vegetation are burning or decomposing. Deforested areas that are later cultivated also release carbon to the atmosphere when soil carbon is oxidized. Further, deforested areas converted to other land uses (e.g., pastures) might sequester less car ...
... results in carbon emissions when trees and underlying vegetation are burning or decomposing. Deforested areas that are later cultivated also release carbon to the atmosphere when soil carbon is oxidized. Further, deforested areas converted to other land uses (e.g., pastures) might sequester less car ...
09-03
... simulate both the predictable and the unpredictable nature of climate. They are intended to predict overall patterns of temperature, precipitation, winds, and ocean currents rather than specific weather events. Climate patterns can be considered as a combination of several concurrent patterns. These ...
... simulate both the predictable and the unpredictable nature of climate. They are intended to predict overall patterns of temperature, precipitation, winds, and ocean currents rather than specific weather events. Climate patterns can be considered as a combination of several concurrent patterns. These ...
Professor Lord Nicholas Stern: Activities and Writings since 2008
... Professor Lord Nicholas Stern: Activities and Writings since 2008 (to end June 2013) ...
... Professor Lord Nicholas Stern: Activities and Writings since 2008 (to end June 2013) ...
Changing Planet: Past, Present, Future Lecture 3 – Earth`s Climate
... heating it up. Of course, you know this isn't actually the way the Earth's climate is controlled. But you know, just like the heater in your houses, the Earth's system does have a heater; it's the sun. But it also has a thermostat and that's what we're going to talk about today, and the thermostat i ...
... heating it up. Of course, you know this isn't actually the way the Earth's climate is controlled. But you know, just like the heater in your houses, the Earth's system does have a heater; it's the sun. But it also has a thermostat and that's what we're going to talk about today, and the thermostat i ...
Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth`s climate system
... advances in understanding of the many processes that need to be represented in global climate models, it nonetheless suggests the utility if not the necessity of alternative approaches to determining climate sensitivity on a timescale such that this determination can be made in a way that it can use ...
... advances in understanding of the many processes that need to be represented in global climate models, it nonetheless suggests the utility if not the necessity of alternative approaches to determining climate sensitivity on a timescale such that this determination can be made in a way that it can use ...
A summary for policymakers
... mountain regions downscaled to temporal and spatial scales that are intended to be more useful to the challenges decision makers face. Climate change impacts in a number of basins dominated by snow and ice show that water managers and users will need to adapt to change in the quantity and timing of ...
... mountain regions downscaled to temporal and spatial scales that are intended to be more useful to the challenges decision makers face. Climate change impacts in a number of basins dominated by snow and ice show that water managers and users will need to adapt to change in the quantity and timing of ...
Ocean Extremes - A unified marine science community
... through enhanced turbidity and turbulence impacts on marine biodiversity and (ii) extreme ocean temperatures and their impact on marine biodiversity. This paper focuses on the biophysical science that underpins ...
... through enhanced turbidity and turbulence impacts on marine biodiversity and (ii) extreme ocean temperatures and their impact on marine biodiversity. This paper focuses on the biophysical science that underpins ...
Climate-human-environment interactions: resolving our - HAL-Insu
... (2002) idea for the “human-dominated” Anthropocene era applies to a date, around 300 years ago, when human activity at a global level first measurably affected the global climate, as defined by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in ice cores. Both are valid, compelling and useful definitions, ...
... (2002) idea for the “human-dominated” Anthropocene era applies to a date, around 300 years ago, when human activity at a global level first measurably affected the global climate, as defined by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in ice cores. Both are valid, compelling and useful definitions, ...
Climate notes
... long-lasting effects that may make the survival of life on Earth more difficult for both humans and other species. • Some of these potential climate changes include global warming, sea-level changes, and changes in precipitation. Chapter menu ...
... long-lasting effects that may make the survival of life on Earth more difficult for both humans and other species. • Some of these potential climate changes include global warming, sea-level changes, and changes in precipitation. Chapter menu ...
Mitigating Climate Change Through Food and Land Use
... Although the volume of carbon on Earth’s surSidebar 1. The Carbon Cycle The carbon cycle is the movement of the element carbon (C), sometimes in altered chemical forms, through different reservoirs or carbon sinks on the planet. Over a relatively short timescale of less than thousands of years, the ...
... Although the volume of carbon on Earth’s surSidebar 1. The Carbon Cycle The carbon cycle is the movement of the element carbon (C), sometimes in altered chemical forms, through different reservoirs or carbon sinks on the planet. Over a relatively short timescale of less than thousands of years, the ...
Climate-induced oceanic oxygen fluxes: Implications for the
... ocean sink was 1.9 ± 0.6 and 1.7 ± 0.6 Pg C yr1 in the 1980s and the 1990s, respectively, whereas ocean models give larger values in the 1990s compared to the 1980s [Orr et al., 2001]. [3] There is now increasing evidence that the ocean is warming and will continue to warm in the coming decades [Ho ...
... ocean sink was 1.9 ± 0.6 and 1.7 ± 0.6 Pg C yr1 in the 1980s and the 1990s, respectively, whereas ocean models give larger values in the 1990s compared to the 1980s [Orr et al., 2001]. [3] There is now increasing evidence that the ocean is warming and will continue to warm in the coming decades [Ho ...
Warm-air advection, air mass transformation and fog causes rapid
... The most pronounced and robust observation of Arctic climate-change is the reduction in area and thickness of perennial sea ice [Holland and Bitz, 2003; Serreze and Barry, 2011]. Arctic sea-ice cover displays a declining trend over the entire satellite record [Serreze et al., 2007]. While this trend ...
... The most pronounced and robust observation of Arctic climate-change is the reduction in area and thickness of perennial sea ice [Holland and Bitz, 2003; Serreze and Barry, 2011]. Arctic sea-ice cover displays a declining trend over the entire satellite record [Serreze et al., 2007]. While this trend ...
Dr. Milankovitch`s Humongous Hypothesis
... in June and winter begins in December. Halfway through the current precession cycle (thousands of years from now) the timing of summer and winter will be reversed. Also because of precession, in less than a thousand years Earth’s axis will no longer point to Polaris. Variations in eccentricity, tilt ...
... in June and winter begins in December. Halfway through the current precession cycle (thousands of years from now) the timing of summer and winter will be reversed. Also because of precession, in less than a thousand years Earth’s axis will no longer point to Polaris. Variations in eccentricity, tilt ...
Petition - Center for Biological Diversity
... questions of which fossil fuels can be burned and by whom, are inherently political and ethical questions. But, as demonstrated below, under any formulation, the majority of United States fossil fuels, particularly federal fossil fuels, must stay in the ground. The Fifth Assessment Report of the Int ...
... questions of which fossil fuels can be burned and by whom, are inherently political and ethical questions. But, as demonstrated below, under any formulation, the majority of United States fossil fuels, particularly federal fossil fuels, must stay in the ground. The Fifth Assessment Report of the Int ...
How Will Climate Change Affect Human Health in
... missed school and work days; mental health effects due to potential or actual loss of property and disruptions to communities. Related information: Smoke from the 2012 wildfires in Chelan and Kittitas Counties contributed to an additional 350 hospitalizations for respiratory conditions and 3,4 ...
... missed school and work days; mental health effects due to potential or actual loss of property and disruptions to communities. Related information: Smoke from the 2012 wildfires in Chelan and Kittitas Counties contributed to an additional 350 hospitalizations for respiratory conditions and 3,4 ...
Download country chapter
... The country has a large dependency on rain-fed agriculture. Approximately 86% of the population are dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods and the sector contributes about 33% of GDP. This means there is a high sensitivity to changes in precipitation, while the mountainous topography makes t ...
... The country has a large dependency on rain-fed agriculture. Approximately 86% of the population are dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods and the sector contributes about 33% of GDP. This means there is a high sensitivity to changes in precipitation, while the mountainous topography makes t ...
Understanding the Earth as a Complex System – recent advances in
... 2. The presence of ice sheets in high latitudes is known to influence both the dynamics of the Earth’s body (via pressure forces) and the climate system (e.g. through the ice-albedo feedback, which amplifies the cooling effect by an increasing reflection of solar irradiation). Vice versa, the disappeari ...
... 2. The presence of ice sheets in high latitudes is known to influence both the dynamics of the Earth’s body (via pressure forces) and the climate system (e.g. through the ice-albedo feedback, which amplifies the cooling effect by an increasing reflection of solar irradiation). Vice versa, the disappeari ...
PDF
... In its Fourth Assessment Report, the IPCC (2007a,b,c) summarizes a wide range of projections of climate change, encompassing different climatic variables, time and spatial scales, models and scenarios. Most attention is focused on projections of changes in global mean temperatures. However, analysis ...
... In its Fourth Assessment Report, the IPCC (2007a,b,c) summarizes a wide range of projections of climate change, encompassing different climatic variables, time and spatial scales, models and scenarios. Most attention is focused on projections of changes in global mean temperatures. However, analysis ...
National climate change legislation: The key to more ambitious international agreements
... domestically-binding climate change legislation, which would be inscribed in a schedule to the agreement. The rationale of such a domesticallybinding approach is that national law is typically more effective than international law. So a country’s national legislation to address climate change would ...
... domestically-binding climate change legislation, which would be inscribed in a schedule to the agreement. The rationale of such a domesticallybinding approach is that national law is typically more effective than international law. So a country’s national legislation to address climate change would ...
Potential Causes of Action for Climate Change Impacts Under the
... It should be noted at the outset of this section that UNFSA adopts the well-recognized “no harm rule” of international environmental law,55 providing that “States Parties are liable in accordance with international law for damage or loss attributable to them in regard to this Agreement.”56 Many of t ...
... It should be noted at the outset of this section that UNFSA adopts the well-recognized “no harm rule” of international environmental law,55 providing that “States Parties are liable in accordance with international law for damage or loss attributable to them in regard to this Agreement.”56 Many of t ...
Carbon Capture and Storage Association
... act as an enabler for future CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR), which could further reduce the costs of CCS and help maximise economic recovery from the UK continental shelf whilst simultaneously reducing emissions. The availability of ‘bankable’ storage (i.e. storage capacity that is appraised an ...
... act as an enabler for future CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR), which could further reduce the costs of CCS and help maximise economic recovery from the UK continental shelf whilst simultaneously reducing emissions. The availability of ‘bankable’ storage (i.e. storage capacity that is appraised an ...
Tipping elements in the Arctic marine ecosystem Carlos M. Duarte1
... 1977, Scheffer et al. 2001, Duarte et al. 2009). Growing evidence indicates that many ecosystems ranging from coral reefs, coastal ecosystems, semi-arid vegetation, and ponds can have more than one stable state (Scheffer et al 2001). The occurrence of multiple stable states implies that the system ...
... 1977, Scheffer et al. 2001, Duarte et al. 2009). Growing evidence indicates that many ecosystems ranging from coral reefs, coastal ecosystems, semi-arid vegetation, and ponds can have more than one stable state (Scheffer et al 2001). The occurrence of multiple stable states implies that the system ...
Assessing climate change and climate variability impacts in Burkina
... for seasonal forecasting, (ii) complex topography (associated with the Guinean Highlands, Jos Plateau in Nigeria and Cameroon mountains. Predictions of climate change (and natural variability) are dependent on General Circulation Models (GCMs). Predictions from GCMs of climate change in West Africa ...
... for seasonal forecasting, (ii) complex topography (associated with the Guinean Highlands, Jos Plateau in Nigeria and Cameroon mountains. Predictions of climate change (and natural variability) are dependent on General Circulation Models (GCMs). Predictions from GCMs of climate change in West Africa ...
Presentation (power point file)
... • Not all impacts covered in economic assessment (livestock, possible loss of life) • Considerable uncertainty in the estimates. If the upper bound turns out to be right the figures could be 2-3 times higher. Key source of uncertainty is Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) • The process for making ...
... • Not all impacts covered in economic assessment (livestock, possible loss of life) • Considerable uncertainty in the estimates. If the upper bound turns out to be right the figures could be 2-3 times higher. Key source of uncertainty is Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) • The process for making ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""