Farm-level adaptation options: south-eastern South Australia
... period represents current production challenges. They used a 2030 climate change projection of 1.2°C warming in mean temperature and annual rainfall declines of 7.5–8.5%, relative to 1998–2007. These projected changes are likely to occur at 2030 in response atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration o ...
... period represents current production challenges. They used a 2030 climate change projection of 1.2°C warming in mean temperature and annual rainfall declines of 7.5–8.5%, relative to 1998–2007. These projected changes are likely to occur at 2030 in response atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration o ...
environmental_justice - Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy
... Greenhouse Warming”, pp. 433-460, available at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1605. Nordhaus, W.D. (1994). Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Nordhaus, W. D. and Boyer, J. (2000) Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming, Camb ...
... Greenhouse Warming”, pp. 433-460, available at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1605. Nordhaus, W.D. (1994). Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Nordhaus, W. D. and Boyer, J. (2000) Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming, Camb ...
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... should be contrasted to risk (measurable or probabilistic uncertainty) where probabilities can be assigned to events and are summarized by a subjective probability measure or a single Bayesian prior. Inspired by the work of Knight and subsequently by Ellsberg (1961), economic theorists have question ...
... should be contrasted to risk (measurable or probabilistic uncertainty) where probabilities can be assigned to events and are summarized by a subjective probability measure or a single Bayesian prior. Inspired by the work of Knight and subsequently by Ellsberg (1961), economic theorists have question ...
Projected climate change impacts on forest land cover and land use
... which evaluate the pixel-level trajectories of a vegetation-relevant spectral vegetation index. Stand age in 2010 was determined from the year of disturbance. For stand age >25, we used a stand age coverage derived from Landsat-based Gradient Nearest Neighbor Analysis (Ohmann et al. 2012). Boundarie ...
... which evaluate the pixel-level trajectories of a vegetation-relevant spectral vegetation index. Stand age in 2010 was determined from the year of disturbance. For stand age >25, we used a stand age coverage derived from Landsat-based Gradient Nearest Neighbor Analysis (Ohmann et al. 2012). Boundarie ...
West and Central Africa
... Increasing resilience of agropastoral areas in northern Mali The northern regions of Mali lie within the Sahelo-Saharan belt and are characterized by uncertain rainfall and frequent drought. Achieving food security is a perennial challenge in this area. Crops are heavily dependent on natural rainfal ...
... Increasing resilience of agropastoral areas in northern Mali The northern regions of Mali lie within the Sahelo-Saharan belt and are characterized by uncertain rainfall and frequent drought. Achieving food security is a perennial challenge in this area. Crops are heavily dependent on natural rainfal ...
CAN CARBON (SOC) offset the Climate Change
... atmospheric CO2 (Paustian et al., 1997, impact of soil type, management and Lal and Bruce, 1999; Lal, 2004). Out of local climate on SOC accumulation numerous strategies suggested for ...
... atmospheric CO2 (Paustian et al., 1997, impact of soil type, management and Lal and Bruce, 1999; Lal, 2004). Out of local climate on SOC accumulation numerous strategies suggested for ...
Hurteau et al. 2014 - Earth Systems Ecology Lab
... large wildfires (Westerling and Bryant, 2008; Pechony and Shindell, 2010; Westerling et al., 2011) and may also increase fire severity. Based on two general circulation model projections under a doubling of atmospheric CO2, Flannigan et al. (2000) projected that mean fire severity in California (measur ...
... large wildfires (Westerling and Bryant, 2008; Pechony and Shindell, 2010; Westerling et al., 2011) and may also increase fire severity. Based on two general circulation model projections under a doubling of atmospheric CO2, Flannigan et al. (2000) projected that mean fire severity in California (measur ...
Climate Change or Land Use Dynamics: Do We Know Miguel Clavero *
... indicators can be affected by land use dynamics that are not directly determined by climate change. To this aim, we analyzed three community-level indicators of climate change impacts that are based on the optimal thermal environment and average latitude of the distribution of bird species present a ...
... indicators can be affected by land use dynamics that are not directly determined by climate change. To this aim, we analyzed three community-level indicators of climate change impacts that are based on the optimal thermal environment and average latitude of the distribution of bird species present a ...
Developing site scale projections of climate change in the Scottish
... that the anticipated warming of the next decades is expected to be more pronounced in northern hemisphere middle and high latitudes (Lean & Rind 2009). However, while most climate models suggest this amplification of global warming for mountain regions, the observations indicate spatial variation in ...
... that the anticipated warming of the next decades is expected to be more pronounced in northern hemisphere middle and high latitudes (Lean & Rind 2009). However, while most climate models suggest this amplification of global warming for mountain regions, the observations indicate spatial variation in ...
ACTSA Briefing paper_Climate change in southern
... further aggravated by climate variability and climate change. With a temperature rise of four degrees, some projections show that an increase in droughts across Africa may cause a fall in harvests of roughly 15 - 35 percent, in stark contrast to an average global decline of 10 percent, according to ...
... further aggravated by climate variability and climate change. With a temperature rise of four degrees, some projections show that an increase in droughts across Africa may cause a fall in harvests of roughly 15 - 35 percent, in stark contrast to an average global decline of 10 percent, according to ...
Globalisation, Transport and the Environment
... However, the evidence concerning carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions is less encouraging, with the net effect of trade liberalisation likely to be negative. One study, using a cross-section of 63 countries (and correcting for trade intensity and income) concluded that a 1% increa ...
... However, the evidence concerning carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions is less encouraging, with the net effect of trade liberalisation likely to be negative. One study, using a cross-section of 63 countries (and correcting for trade intensity and income) concluded that a 1% increa ...
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
... Earth’s atmosphere, and everything we do that consumes energy derived from fossil fuels impacts the atmosphere and ultimately the oceans, biosphere, and geosphere. The agricultural and technological activities of the rapidly expanding species Homo sapiens are having increasingly profound effects on ...
... Earth’s atmosphere, and everything we do that consumes energy derived from fossil fuels impacts the atmosphere and ultimately the oceans, biosphere, and geosphere. The agricultural and technological activities of the rapidly expanding species Homo sapiens are having increasingly profound effects on ...
Carbon Balance in an Alpine Steppe in the Qinghai
... 2000 to July 2001. It was shown that carbon emissions decreased in autumn and increased in spring of the next year, with higher values in growth seasons than in winters. An exponential correlation (E carbon = 0.22(exp(0.09T) + ln(0.31P + 1)), R2 = 0.77, P < 0.001) was shown between carbon emissions ...
... 2000 to July 2001. It was shown that carbon emissions decreased in autumn and increased in spring of the next year, with higher values in growth seasons than in winters. An exponential correlation (E carbon = 0.22(exp(0.09T) + ln(0.31P + 1)), R2 = 0.77, P < 0.001) was shown between carbon emissions ...
Climate Change Impacts on Native Plant
... will consist largely of shifts in latitudinal and altitudinal distributions (Thuiller 2007, Williams et al. 2003, Watson et al. 1997). Most plant community types in Melanesia will probably experience fine-scale shifts in species composition depending on the tolerance ranges for each species to the c ...
... will consist largely of shifts in latitudinal and altitudinal distributions (Thuiller 2007, Williams et al. 2003, Watson et al. 1997). Most plant community types in Melanesia will probably experience fine-scale shifts in species composition depending on the tolerance ranges for each species to the c ...
Climate Impacts of Coal and Natural Gas
... but these benefits can be reduced by emissions of fugitive methane. This paper analyzes the time-‐evolution of radiative forcing from both natural gas and coal-‐ based electricity generation using simplified pu ...
... but these benefits can be reduced by emissions of fugitive methane. This paper analyzes the time-‐evolution of radiative forcing from both natural gas and coal-‐ based electricity generation using simplified pu ...
PDF
... 2001 to 2050. The assessment performed is anchored on market transactions. Put differently, it depends upon the possibility of identifying changes in demand/supply for inputs and outputs, exchanged at a given price on a market represented within the model. Therefore, in order to proceed, a selection ...
... 2001 to 2050. The assessment performed is anchored on market transactions. Put differently, it depends upon the possibility of identifying changes in demand/supply for inputs and outputs, exchanged at a given price on a market represented within the model. Therefore, in order to proceed, a selection ...
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... It is usually a marginal approach considering small changes around a given path. Even high-speed rail or another airport for London likely to be small in relation to whole economy even though big for some people. Climate change a different order of magnitude. ...
... It is usually a marginal approach considering small changes around a given path. Even high-speed rail or another airport for London likely to be small in relation to whole economy even though big for some people. Climate change a different order of magnitude. ...
Bytes of Note: Climate Change and the Cryosphere
... http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/snotel.html), has been melting earlier and faster in recent years. These worrying trends are summarized by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (http://www .nsidc.org/sotc) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ a ...
... http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/snotel.html), has been melting earlier and faster in recent years. These worrying trends are summarized by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (http://www .nsidc.org/sotc) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ a ...
GENERAL Climate Change Aspects in Agriculture in Bolivia
... In July 2004, Bolivia formulated its Five-Year Climate Change Action Plan (2004-2009)17, which aims to foster capacity-building and knowledge transfer of climate change issues to the Bolivian population. Activities include cooperation with the Ministry of Education and universities to introduce educ ...
... In July 2004, Bolivia formulated its Five-Year Climate Change Action Plan (2004-2009)17, which aims to foster capacity-building and knowledge transfer of climate change issues to the Bolivian population. Activities include cooperation with the Ministry of Education and universities to introduce educ ...
Interpretation of Climate Change Scenarios
... that must be considered from the outset. According to the study objectives, a set of GCMs and/or RCMs can be selected. In addition, the simulations produced by these models depend on several factors such as aerosol and GHG emissions scenario and initial conditions. In the case of a RCM, simulations ...
... that must be considered from the outset. According to the study objectives, a set of GCMs and/or RCMs can be selected. In addition, the simulations produced by these models depend on several factors such as aerosol and GHG emissions scenario and initial conditions. In the case of a RCM, simulations ...
ficha proyecto para taller de adaptación
... Ngobe Buglé Territory and La Villa in Arco Seco. These have been chosen because of their high levels of degradation and pressure on natural resources, as well as their extreme poverty. The beneficiary population is estimated at 400,364 inhabitants, comprising 206,707 men and 193,657 women, according ...
... Ngobe Buglé Territory and La Villa in Arco Seco. These have been chosen because of their high levels of degradation and pressure on natural resources, as well as their extreme poverty. The beneficiary population is estimated at 400,364 inhabitants, comprising 206,707 men and 193,657 women, according ...
protecting our future environment in a changing climate
... air emissions from natural sources, such as vegetation, and human-made sources, such as petrol, increasing with increasing temperatures (DEFRA 2007). In the Port Phillip region, high-pressure systems may become more frequent (Monash Sustainability Institute 2008). These weather systems cause stable ...
... air emissions from natural sources, such as vegetation, and human-made sources, such as petrol, increasing with increasing temperatures (DEFRA 2007). In the Port Phillip region, high-pressure systems may become more frequent (Monash Sustainability Institute 2008). These weather systems cause stable ...
The Carbon Cycle : Feature Articles
... the land with fresh silicate rock to begin the cycle again. At present, volcanoes emit between 130 and 380 million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. For comparison, humans emit about 30 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year—100–300 times more than volcanoes—by burning fossil fuels. Chemistry ...
... the land with fresh silicate rock to begin the cycle again. At present, volcanoes emit between 130 and 380 million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. For comparison, humans emit about 30 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year—100–300 times more than volcanoes—by burning fossil fuels. Chemistry ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""