IPCC reasons for concern regarding climate change risks
... AR5 located the transition from Undetectable to Moderate risk below recent temperatures based on the detection and attribution (with at least medium confidence) of impacts on Arctic, mountain, and warm-water coral reef systems (ref. 9, section 18.6.4), with indirect support from impacts on other sy ...
... AR5 located the transition from Undetectable to Moderate risk below recent temperatures based on the detection and attribution (with at least medium confidence) of impacts on Arctic, mountain, and warm-water coral reef systems (ref. 9, section 18.6.4), with indirect support from impacts on other sy ...
Parmesan and Yohe, 2003
... advancement of spring events by 2.3 days per decade. We define a diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial ‘sign-switching’ responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends. Among appropriate long-term/large-scale/multi-species data sets, this diagnostic fingerprint was found fo ...
... advancement of spring events by 2.3 days per decade. We define a diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial ‘sign-switching’ responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends. Among appropriate long-term/large-scale/multi-species data sets, this diagnostic fingerprint was found fo ...
Flood hazard maps in Matucana village under climate change
... Village and its results are used to analyse the effects of climate change. This assessment contains probabilistic analysis, including peak flows and isohyets maps on Rimac River basin. Arithmetic mean values of the precipitation for the periods 2010–2039, 2040–2069 and 2070– 2099 were estimated by u ...
... Village and its results are used to analyse the effects of climate change. This assessment contains probabilistic analysis, including peak flows and isohyets maps on Rimac River basin. Arithmetic mean values of the precipitation for the periods 2010–2039, 2040–2069 and 2070– 2099 were estimated by u ...
A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change
... advancement of spring events by 2.3 days per decade. We define a diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial ‘sign-switching’ responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends. Among appropriate long-term/large-scale/multi-species data sets, this diagnostic fingerprint was found fo ...
... advancement of spring events by 2.3 days per decade. We define a diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial ‘sign-switching’ responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends. Among appropriate long-term/large-scale/multi-species data sets, this diagnostic fingerprint was found fo ...
PDF
... reference, but different methodologies. IPCC has also been instrumental in providing fundamental climatic output data from large scale general circulation models (GCMs) for each of the scenarios which can then be utilized by researchers in various disciplines. These GCMs and coarse scale socioeconom ...
... reference, but different methodologies. IPCC has also been instrumental in providing fundamental climatic output data from large scale general circulation models (GCMs) for each of the scenarios which can then be utilized by researchers in various disciplines. These GCMs and coarse scale socioeconom ...
http://eureka.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/66/1/TheWrongTrousers.pdf
... proposed to achieve the targets set is not greatly changed from the original Kyoto conception. As its first order task, it still seeks to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. 8 The politically charged rhetoric within which the climate change question is discussed m ...
... proposed to achieve the targets set is not greatly changed from the original Kyoto conception. As its first order task, it still seeks to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. 8 The politically charged rhetoric within which the climate change question is discussed m ...
Long-Term Climate Trends and Extreme Events in Northern
... global mean [2]. The warming has a wide variety of impacts on northern ecosystems and significant consequences for agriculture, forestry, human health, and infrastructure [23–26]. It is assumed that especially more frequent and intense extreme weather events increase the vulnerability of northern en ...
... global mean [2]. The warming has a wide variety of impacts on northern ecosystems and significant consequences for agriculture, forestry, human health, and infrastructure [23–26]. It is assumed that especially more frequent and intense extreme weather events increase the vulnerability of northern en ...
Deltas at risk
... Modern humans extract oil and water from delta sediments and the rocks below; they build dams upstream that trap sediments that would have replenished the deltas. These and other human activities have led to compacted soils – and slowly sinking deltas. ...
... Modern humans extract oil and water from delta sediments and the rocks below; they build dams upstream that trap sediments that would have replenished the deltas. These and other human activities have led to compacted soils – and slowly sinking deltas. ...
Aerosol-induced thermal effects increase modelled terrestrial
... although its full mechanism is not well understood (Lambers et al., 1998). In the model, the depression is triggered by (1) the dependence of w c on V cmx , which decreases with increasing T leaf when T leaf exceeds an optimum of ∼308 K, and (2) a suppression in the rate of the carboxylation reactio ...
... although its full mechanism is not well understood (Lambers et al., 1998). In the model, the depression is triggered by (1) the dependence of w c on V cmx , which decreases with increasing T leaf when T leaf exceeds an optimum of ∼308 K, and (2) a suppression in the rate of the carboxylation reactio ...
PDF
... 2.2 Definition of simulation scenarios We defined different scenarios to embrace the whole variability of future agricultural market developments due to uncertainty about future crop yields, caused by climate change and carbon fertilization effects. The scenarios are based on a plausible combination ...
... 2.2 Definition of simulation scenarios We defined different scenarios to embrace the whole variability of future agricultural market developments due to uncertainty about future crop yields, caused by climate change and carbon fertilization effects. The scenarios are based on a plausible combination ...
Trees and Climate Change
... We are experiencing climate change because human activities continue to release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Forests are part of the cause of climate change because globally deforestation contributes to nearly 20% of carbon dioxide emissions. However, forests can be a ...
... We are experiencing climate change because human activities continue to release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Forests are part of the cause of climate change because globally deforestation contributes to nearly 20% of carbon dioxide emissions. However, forests can be a ...
A framework for modelling fish and shellfish
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models for regional ecosystems to select and estimate relevant environmental variables, (iii) evaluation of climate model scenarios and select IPCC models that appear to provide valid representations of forcing for the region of study, (iv) extraction ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models for regional ecosystems to select and estimate relevant environmental variables, (iii) evaluation of climate model scenarios and select IPCC models that appear to provide valid representations of forcing for the region of study, (iv) extraction ...
PDF
... the production of fodder crops including irrigated/rainfed fodder-cops and rainfed rangeland is expected to decrease modestly starting from 2030 for both scenarios A2 and B2 (world bank, 2009). As for rangeland, it covers 82% of arid lands in Morocco and is mainly composed of steppes, shrubs, and gr ...
... the production of fodder crops including irrigated/rainfed fodder-cops and rainfed rangeland is expected to decrease modestly starting from 2030 for both scenarios A2 and B2 (world bank, 2009). As for rangeland, it covers 82% of arid lands in Morocco and is mainly composed of steppes, shrubs, and gr ...
Forecasting global climate change: A scientific approach Kesten C
... their helpful suggestions on this chapter. Hester Green, Jen Kwok, Lynn Selhat, and Angela Sun provided useful suggestions on the writing. The responsibility for any errors or omissions remains with the authors. ...
... their helpful suggestions on this chapter. Hester Green, Jen Kwok, Lynn Selhat, and Angela Sun provided useful suggestions on the writing. The responsibility for any errors or omissions remains with the authors. ...
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
... Change. It is committed to abide by the principles of the Convention and to adhere to the decisions being made by the Conference of the Parties. In compliance with its commitment as a non-Annex 1 country Party of the Convention, the Philippines has just submitted its Initial National Communication ...
... Change. It is committed to abide by the principles of the Convention and to adhere to the decisions being made by the Conference of the Parties. In compliance with its commitment as a non-Annex 1 country Party of the Convention, the Philippines has just submitted its Initial National Communication ...
Development of GCM Based Climate Scenarios Presentation
... historic observed data. Develop Quantile Maps between historic observed and GCM CDFs. Output from mapping is historic time series shifted by GCM based climate. This is compared to historic ...
... historic observed data. Develop Quantile Maps between historic observed and GCM CDFs. Output from mapping is historic time series shifted by GCM based climate. This is compared to historic ...
MIDTERM – Expectations - Earth Science Education
... Metabolism of the city… life style; what consequences to energy needs; what water and other resources does it require for the city; what are the waste products; what are the effects beyond the city; Climate change: how could global warming (or cooling) affect temperature ranges and what are conseque ...
... Metabolism of the city… life style; what consequences to energy needs; what water and other resources does it require for the city; what are the waste products; what are the effects beyond the city; Climate change: how could global warming (or cooling) affect temperature ranges and what are conseque ...
Folie 0
... Measures proposed by the Federal Council: 4) Compensation of Transport Emissions: • 2005 – 2012: private “Climate Cent” initiative by Swiss industry (domestic compensation and abroad within Kyoto-CDM) • 2013 - 2020: replacement by a legal obligation for transport fuel importers to compensate a certa ...
... Measures proposed by the Federal Council: 4) Compensation of Transport Emissions: • 2005 – 2012: private “Climate Cent” initiative by Swiss industry (domestic compensation and abroad within Kyoto-CDM) • 2013 - 2020: replacement by a legal obligation for transport fuel importers to compensate a certa ...
CIAS
... engineering; integrated assessment model; climate change; carbon tax; community integrated assessment system ...
... engineering; integrated assessment model; climate change; carbon tax; community integrated assessment system ...
Climate change: helping nature survive the human response
... particularly pronounced consequences. According to climate models, regions that already host large undernourished populations, particularly South Asia and southern Africa, may experience substantial declines in staple crop productivity within two decades (Lobell et al. 2008). In southern Africa, for ...
... particularly pronounced consequences. According to climate models, regions that already host large undernourished populations, particularly South Asia and southern Africa, may experience substantial declines in staple crop productivity within two decades (Lobell et al. 2008). In southern Africa, for ...
Climate Change Trends and Vulnerability to Biome Shifts
... around the world attributable to climate change (Gonzalez et al. 2010). A few research efforts have observed shifts of individual tree species in the Sierra Nevada connected to climate conditions, but not necessarily to human-caused climate change. At sites in Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks, lo ...
... around the world attributable to climate change (Gonzalez et al. 2010). A few research efforts have observed shifts of individual tree species in the Sierra Nevada connected to climate conditions, but not necessarily to human-caused climate change. At sites in Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks, lo ...
Workshop report ”Adaptation options in the Barents – Writers
... strategies to better deal with climate change and other pertinent environmental stressors”. This has resulted in the AACA-‐C project which will deliver its overall integrated report to the 2017 Arctic Counci ...
... strategies to better deal with climate change and other pertinent environmental stressors”. This has resulted in the AACA-‐C project which will deliver its overall integrated report to the 2017 Arctic Counci ...
economics of climate change: sensitivity analysis of social cost
... economic activities. In this scenario the increase of global mean surface temperature is likely to range from 3.7°C to 4.8°C above pre-industrial temperatures. (IPCC, 2014.) Because of warming, the ability of land and oceans to absorb CO2 decreases as temperature rises. As a result, higher fraction ...
... economic activities. In this scenario the increase of global mean surface temperature is likely to range from 3.7°C to 4.8°C above pre-industrial temperatures. (IPCC, 2014.) Because of warming, the ability of land and oceans to absorb CO2 decreases as temperature rises. As a result, higher fraction ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""