The Economic Effects of Long-Term Climate
... with the historical evidence on the negative economic e¤ects of the Little Ice Age. Then, I test the robustness of this result. While it is safe to assume that temperature changes are exogenous to economic growth, they are not necessarily distributed randomly across space. It is also well establishe ...
... with the historical evidence on the negative economic e¤ects of the Little Ice Age. Then, I test the robustness of this result. While it is safe to assume that temperature changes are exogenous to economic growth, they are not necessarily distributed randomly across space. It is also well establishe ...
Predicting the impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs
... model that calculates the effects of climate change on coral reefs at local-to-regional scales using equations developed from data on coral growth and mortality rates. The model calculates the impacts to coral cover from changes in average sea surface temperature (SST) and Varag, and from high-tempe ...
... model that calculates the effects of climate change on coral reefs at local-to-regional scales using equations developed from data on coral growth and mortality rates. The model calculates the impacts to coral cover from changes in average sea surface temperature (SST) and Varag, and from high-tempe ...
Can Social Protection Increase Resilience to Climate Change?
... be good but it can also be bad’ (Béné et al. 2014:599). This is the case because the application of resilience assumed that social and ecological systems were similar, and the concept grew in isolation from social science development, excluding society and people from the focus of analysis (Cote and ...
... be good but it can also be bad’ (Béné et al. 2014:599). This is the case because the application of resilience assumed that social and ecological systems were similar, and the concept grew in isolation from social science development, excluding society and people from the focus of analysis (Cote and ...
Public Perception of geoengineering and its consequences for
... carbon dioxide removal to tackle the cause of climate change and not its consequences. Furthermore, it was believed that using CDR would bring the environment back to its balance while SRM measures are not controllable, are likely to be irreversible, impose costs and risks onto others and may not be ...
... carbon dioxide removal to tackle the cause of climate change and not its consequences. Furthermore, it was believed that using CDR would bring the environment back to its balance while SRM measures are not controllable, are likely to be irreversible, impose costs and risks onto others and may not be ...
South Africa`s Second National Communication under the
... Health and education indices also emphasise these disparities, which are contributing factors to severe skills shortages in several sectors. ...
... Health and education indices also emphasise these disparities, which are contributing factors to severe skills shortages in several sectors. ...
AN ASSESSMEN T OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... Climate change is a naturally occurring phenomenon in which the earth‘s climate goes through cycles of warming and cooling; these changes usually take place incrementally over millennia. Over the past century, there has been an anomalous increase in global temperature, giving rise to accelerated cli ...
... Climate change is a naturally occurring phenomenon in which the earth‘s climate goes through cycles of warming and cooling; these changes usually take place incrementally over millennia. Over the past century, there has been an anomalous increase in global temperature, giving rise to accelerated cli ...
Queensland`s biodiversity under climate change:
... follow sub-bioregions based on IBRA 5.1 (Environment Australia 2000). ........................... 13 Figure 4: Most fires in the tropical savannas of northern Australia are lit by land managers in the early Dry Season (May-June). Fires at this time of the year tend to be very low in intensity, patch ...
... follow sub-bioregions based on IBRA 5.1 (Environment Australia 2000). ........................... 13 Figure 4: Most fires in the tropical savannas of northern Australia are lit by land managers in the early Dry Season (May-June). Fires at this time of the year tend to be very low in intensity, patch ...
the schmidt family foundation
... realization of a future where a new energy economy can lift millions out of poverty. Green For All engages lower-income communities, a constituency that has been left behind in past environmental movements. ...
... realization of a future where a new energy economy can lift millions out of poverty. Green For All engages lower-income communities, a constituency that has been left behind in past environmental movements. ...
Working Paper 12C
... follow sub-bioregions based on IBRA 5.1 (Environment Australia 2000). ........................... 13 Figure 4: Most fires in the tropical savannas of northern Australia are lit by land managers in the early Dry Season (May-June). Fires at this time of the year tend to be very low in intensity, patch ...
... follow sub-bioregions based on IBRA 5.1 (Environment Australia 2000). ........................... 13 Figure 4: Most fires in the tropical savannas of northern Australia are lit by land managers in the early Dry Season (May-June). Fires at this time of the year tend to be very low in intensity, patch ...
Warming Seas in the Coral Triangle
... an increase of atmospheric CO2 to 700 ppmv (parts per million by volume) by year 2100 (Figure 2) predicts relatively greater equatorial warming (Liu et al., 2005). To determine regional patterns of thermal stress over the next century, the following CGCMs were analyzed for projections of future surf ...
... an increase of atmospheric CO2 to 700 ppmv (parts per million by volume) by year 2100 (Figure 2) predicts relatively greater equatorial warming (Liu et al., 2005). To determine regional patterns of thermal stress over the next century, the following CGCMs were analyzed for projections of future surf ...
cliMAtE chANGE ANd cANAdA`S FOREStS
... storms, and damaging insect and disease attacks): other less visible changes such as change in the timing of spring bud burst are also underway. One of the consequences of future climate change will be further increases in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events and disturbances. Change ...
... storms, and damaging insect and disease attacks): other less visible changes such as change in the timing of spring bud burst are also underway. One of the consequences of future climate change will be further increases in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events and disturbances. Change ...
Sceptical Climate Part 2: Climate Science in Australian Newspapers
... the conclusions of climate scientists were not being effectively communicated to the public. (‘Carbon tax is a first step in climate fight’, SMH, February 28, 2011). On September 26, 2011, Australia’s new Chief Scientist Professor Ian Chubb called for an end to attacks on the credibility of science ...
... the conclusions of climate scientists were not being effectively communicated to the public. (‘Carbon tax is a first step in climate fight’, SMH, February 28, 2011). On September 26, 2011, Australia’s new Chief Scientist Professor Ian Chubb called for an end to attacks on the credibility of science ...
The Anatomy of A Silent Crisis The Anatomy of A Silent Crisis
... environmental problem. It is seen as a distant threat that might affect our future. A viewpoint reinforced by pictures of glaciers and polar bears — not human beings. And yet Australia is witnessing a full decade of drought. Large tracts of the United States are exposed to stronger storms and severe ...
... environmental problem. It is seen as a distant threat that might affect our future. A viewpoint reinforced by pictures of glaciers and polar bears — not human beings. And yet Australia is witnessing a full decade of drought. Large tracts of the United States are exposed to stronger storms and severe ...
Human Effects of Climate-Related Changes in
... Alaska pollock, and Tanner crab—the three species that contribute the greatest share of ex-vessel to Alaska commercial fisheries. Thus the role of management in how climate change affects fisheries is likely to vary widely between species. In a very general sense, however, we might suggest that clim ...
... Alaska pollock, and Tanner crab—the three species that contribute the greatest share of ex-vessel to Alaska commercial fisheries. Thus the role of management in how climate change affects fisheries is likely to vary widely between species. In a very general sense, however, we might suggest that clim ...
A Critical Study of the Literature about Deforestation in the Brazilian
... reasons. The record of past events can show under what conditions the tropical rain forest developed, how past variations in climate (temperature and precipitation) and tectonic plate activity have had varying effects on the biodiversity in the region. It is important to know as much as possible abo ...
... reasons. The record of past events can show under what conditions the tropical rain forest developed, how past variations in climate (temperature and precipitation) and tectonic plate activity have had varying effects on the biodiversity in the region. It is important to know as much as possible abo ...
Exhaustible resource consumption and lessons for
... A. Climate change driven by cumulative emissions and uncertainties Generated from economic activities and natural processes, emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHG) flow into the atmosphere, build cumulative emissions, and eventually contribute to the increasing global mea ...
... A. Climate change driven by cumulative emissions and uncertainties Generated from economic activities and natural processes, emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHG) flow into the atmosphere, build cumulative emissions, and eventually contribute to the increasing global mea ...
Climate Change and Tourism - Sustainable Development of Tourism
... There will continue to be a need for further studies and research into the issues raised by the conference. Further scientific research into climate change is underway and will help to refine the implications for all sectors of economic activity. The Djerba conference has already succeeded in gettin ...
... There will continue to be a need for further studies and research into the issues raised by the conference. Further scientific research into climate change is underway and will help to refine the implications for all sectors of economic activity. The Djerba conference has already succeeded in gettin ...
Organizational learning in regional governance: A study of the Arctic
... (AEPS). For example, Canada had been running its Northern Contaminants Programme since the 1980s with well-established routines for communication not only between scientists and the policy sphere, but also with indigenous representatives. Internationally, negotiations were already under way to inclu ...
... (AEPS). For example, Canada had been running its Northern Contaminants Programme since the 1980s with well-established routines for communication not only between scientists and the policy sphere, but also with indigenous representatives. Internationally, negotiations were already under way to inclu ...
Extreme flood events in changing climate for a long-term
... mean value, the coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness calculated from the observed time series with an assumption that these values do not change during the planning horizon (Thomas, 1985). However, the frequency and magnitude of extreme flood events based on historical data do not pr ...
... mean value, the coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness calculated from the observed time series with an assumption that these values do not change during the planning horizon (Thomas, 1985). However, the frequency and magnitude of extreme flood events based on historical data do not pr ...
Bill McKibben on NY Attorney General`s Exxon Investigation
... Ile-de-France, and others. The French parliament has endorsed divestment: On November 25th, the French National Assembly adopted a resolution encouraging public investors, companies (especially those in which the states owns shares) and local authorities not to invest in fossil fuels anymore. The r ...
... Ile-de-France, and others. The French parliament has endorsed divestment: On November 25th, the French National Assembly adopted a resolution encouraging public investors, companies (especially those in which the states owns shares) and local authorities not to invest in fossil fuels anymore. The r ...
Free version - Derek Lemoine
... ocean clathrates 21–24 . It also reflects the possibility that land ice sheets begin to retreat on decadal timescales: the resulting loss of reflective ice could double the long-term warming predicted by models that hold land ice sheets fixed 3 . DICE characterizes the temperature response to CO2 th ...
... ocean clathrates 21–24 . It also reflects the possibility that land ice sheets begin to retreat on decadal timescales: the resulting loss of reflective ice could double the long-term warming predicted by models that hold land ice sheets fixed 3 . DICE characterizes the temperature response to CO2 th ...
Chapter 4—Adaptation and Mitigation
... and verbal tools, should also be considered, and differences and similarities in projected futures can be evaluated. In recent years, it has been suggested that, if a model (or several models) hindcasts observed historic conditions well, it will also accurately predict future conditions. This is not ...
... and verbal tools, should also be considered, and differences and similarities in projected futures can be evaluated. In recent years, it has been suggested that, if a model (or several models) hindcasts observed historic conditions well, it will also accurately predict future conditions. This is not ...
Climate Change Impacts on the Water Resources of the Cooper
... climate model tuned to a number of complex models with a range of climate sensitivities. Also for comparison, following the same method, results are shown for IS92a. The darker shading represents the envelope of the full set of thirty-five SRES scenarios using the average of the models results. The ...
... climate model tuned to a number of complex models with a range of climate sensitivities. Also for comparison, following the same method, results are shown for IS92a. The darker shading represents the envelope of the full set of thirty-five SRES scenarios using the average of the models results. The ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""