Effects of climate change on inland waters of the Pacific coastal
... result from snowmelt, warm winter storms and summer and early autumn convective storms (Kattelmann, 1990). In rivers with headwaters at high elevation, snowmelt ¯oods occur each spring as periods of sustained high ¯ow, long duration and large volume. However, they rarely produce the highest instanta ...
... result from snowmelt, warm winter storms and summer and early autumn convective storms (Kattelmann, 1990). In rivers with headwaters at high elevation, snowmelt ¯oods occur each spring as periods of sustained high ¯ow, long duration and large volume. However, they rarely produce the highest instanta ...
Multi-Basin Modelling of Future Hydrological Fluxes in the Indian
... Climate change impacts can be particularly complex in regions which are additionally subject to other environmental and socio-economic changes, i.e., population growth, urbanization, land use change, and change in industrial and hydropower sectors [1]. India is a developing country with nearly two-t ...
... Climate change impacts can be particularly complex in regions which are additionally subject to other environmental and socio-economic changes, i.e., population growth, urbanization, land use change, and change in industrial and hydropower sectors [1]. India is a developing country with nearly two-t ...
English
... constitutes “large scale”. A few hundred km2? A few thousand km2? On the basis that large-scale is not necessarily the same as regional or global-scale (otherwise that could have been stated) then relatively local – and short-term – weather modification techniques, such as cloud seeding, would seem ...
... constitutes “large scale”. A few hundred km2? A few thousand km2? On the basis that large-scale is not necessarily the same as regional or global-scale (otherwise that could have been stated) then relatively local – and short-term – weather modification techniques, such as cloud seeding, would seem ...
PDF
... SRES A2 and B2 scenarios were developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2000. We set the year of 2000 as the baseline period and intend to investigate the following three questions. 1) How did climate factors affect land-use conversion in China from 1988 to 2000 and what w ...
... SRES A2 and B2 scenarios were developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2000. We set the year of 2000 as the baseline period and intend to investigate the following three questions. 1) How did climate factors affect land-use conversion in China from 1988 to 2000 and what w ...
Weather, Climate, and Worldviews: The Sources
... of weather—including those related to changes in precipitation as well as temperature—would seem to be necessary to adequately characterize the implications of perceptions of local weather. Our approach is to measure the manner in which Americans perceive changes in the incidence of floods and droug ...
... of weather—including those related to changes in precipitation as well as temperature—would seem to be necessary to adequately characterize the implications of perceptions of local weather. Our approach is to measure the manner in which Americans perceive changes in the incidence of floods and droug ...
III. harmonization of carbon footprint related standards
... would allow a consistent and comparable approach to supply chain measurement of GHGs across different markets. The project was overseen and managed by the British Standards Institute (BSI) and co-sponsored by DEFRA and the Carbon Trust. The development process of PAS 2050 involved consultations with ...
... would allow a consistent and comparable approach to supply chain measurement of GHGs across different markets. The project was overseen and managed by the British Standards Institute (BSI) and co-sponsored by DEFRA and the Carbon Trust. The development process of PAS 2050 involved consultations with ...
besugo NAO-authors - Instituto Español de Oceanografía
... for many local communities, and their value as a source of animal protein was recently emphasized in a Food and Agriculture Organization report (FAO, 2010). Sev� eral studies (e.g. Thurstan et al., 2010) have suggested that over the last decade, 88% of monitored marine fish stocks in EU waters have ...
... for many local communities, and their value as a source of animal protein was recently emphasized in a Food and Agriculture Organization report (FAO, 2010). Sev� eral studies (e.g. Thurstan et al., 2010) have suggested that over the last decade, 88% of monitored marine fish stocks in EU waters have ...
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
... Communicated to the UNFCCC on November 18, 2015 1. The National Context St. Vincent and the Grenadines is a multi-island nation consisting of 32 islands each with its own characteristics. It is located in the Eastern Caribbean and has a population of approximately 110,000. St. Vincent is the largest ...
... Communicated to the UNFCCC on November 18, 2015 1. The National Context St. Vincent and the Grenadines is a multi-island nation consisting of 32 islands each with its own characteristics. It is located in the Eastern Caribbean and has a population of approximately 110,000. St. Vincent is the largest ...
A spatiotemporal analysis of US station temperature trends over the
... climate dynamics, understanding the response of the climate system to different forcings is a challenging problem, involving analysis of the variations and trends in long time series of atmospheric measurements and proxy records. The global mean surface air temperature is one of the most important a ...
... climate dynamics, understanding the response of the climate system to different forcings is a challenging problem, involving analysis of the variations and trends in long time series of atmospheric measurements and proxy records. The global mean surface air temperature is one of the most important a ...
Population Engineering and the Fight against Climate Change
... GHG emitters by 2050, which raises the urgency of mitigating and adapting to climate change. Therefore, population growth must be compensated for by policies that more decisively address GHG emissions or adaptation practices. Notice that population size and growth are presented purely descriptively, ...
... GHG emitters by 2050, which raises the urgency of mitigating and adapting to climate change. Therefore, population growth must be compensated for by policies that more decisively address GHG emissions or adaptation practices. Notice that population size and growth are presented purely descriptively, ...
Climatic drivers of potential hazards in Mediterranean coasts
... and south Mediterranean being one of the regions most affected by the precipitation decrease. This will exacerbate drought episodes, land degradation and desertification, particularly for the East-Mediterranean (Körner et al. 2005; Vicente-Serrano 2007). A pronounced warming is also projected, bein ...
... and south Mediterranean being one of the regions most affected by the precipitation decrease. This will exacerbate drought episodes, land degradation and desertification, particularly for the East-Mediterranean (Körner et al. 2005; Vicente-Serrano 2007). A pronounced warming is also projected, bein ...
The greenhouse effect
... reaches the ground to either be scattered back into the atmosphere, or absorbed. Solids can absorb all frequencies of radiation, and convert them to infrared wavelengths. The heated ground can then emit infrared radiation back into the atmosphere, which then intercepts more of the energy on the wa ...
... reaches the ground to either be scattered back into the atmosphere, or absorbed. Solids can absorb all frequencies of radiation, and convert them to infrared wavelengths. The heated ground can then emit infrared radiation back into the atmosphere, which then intercepts more of the energy on the wa ...
On non-marginal cost-benefit analysis: Abstract of Working Paper 18 (1 MB) (opens in new window)
... Hence this paper attempts to address the question of whether “serious errors” could be made by evaluating non-marginal projects with conventional BCA, which uses discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis to determine net present value (NPV). By the term “non-marginal”, we mean sufficiently large for the f ...
... Hence this paper attempts to address the question of whether “serious errors” could be made by evaluating non-marginal projects with conventional BCA, which uses discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis to determine net present value (NPV). By the term “non-marginal”, we mean sufficiently large for the f ...
The fate of Amazonian ecosystems over the coming century arising
... indicating that CO2 fertilization may be occurring (Baker et al., 2004; Lewis et al., 2009); however, there is currently limited direct evidence from large-scale experimental studies in tropical forests, such as free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiments, to support this conclusion. The i ...
... indicating that CO2 fertilization may be occurring (Baker et al., 2004; Lewis et al., 2009); however, there is currently limited direct evidence from large-scale experimental studies in tropical forests, such as free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiments, to support this conclusion. The i ...
Survey Experiment - RGK Center for Philanthropy and Community
... Hearts or Minds? Persuasive Messages on Climate Change Joshua W. Busby and Bethany Albertson, University of Texas-Austin Abstract: What kinds of appeals do the public find persuasive for global causes? Are arguments that appeal to so-called rational self-interest more persuasive than those that app ...
... Hearts or Minds? Persuasive Messages on Climate Change Joshua W. Busby and Bethany Albertson, University of Texas-Austin Abstract: What kinds of appeals do the public find persuasive for global causes? Are arguments that appeal to so-called rational self-interest more persuasive than those that app ...
Section 6.4
... •1995 to 2006 were the warmest years since 1850. •1906 to 2005, Earth’s average temperature rose 0.74°C. •The largest changes are occurring in & near the Arctic Circle. •Sea level has risen since 1961 at a rate of 1.8 mm each year. Due to warmer water expanding and by melting glaciers, ice caps, an ...
... •1995 to 2006 were the warmest years since 1850. •1906 to 2005, Earth’s average temperature rose 0.74°C. •The largest changes are occurring in & near the Arctic Circle. •Sea level has risen since 1961 at a rate of 1.8 mm each year. Due to warmer water expanding and by melting glaciers, ice caps, an ...
Quasi-100 ky glacial-interglacial cycles triggered by - HAL-Insu
... Paleoclimatic evidence from ice cores, ocean sediments and other sources reveal oscillations in climate and atmospheric CO2 over the last million years, with major signals in 20, 41 and 100 ky (thousands of years) frequency bands (Hays et al., 1976; Petit et al., 1999; EPICA, 2004). While changes in ...
... Paleoclimatic evidence from ice cores, ocean sediments and other sources reveal oscillations in climate and atmospheric CO2 over the last million years, with major signals in 20, 41 and 100 ky (thousands of years) frequency bands (Hays et al., 1976; Petit et al., 1999; EPICA, 2004). While changes in ...
A New Climate for Peace
... significant interstate tensions. Though historically, armed conflicts between states over water are nearly unprecedented, the future may not look like the past. Competition over water use will likely increase as demand grows and climate impacts affect availability. Managing the effects of climate ch ...
... significant interstate tensions. Though historically, armed conflicts between states over water are nearly unprecedented, the future may not look like the past. Competition over water use will likely increase as demand grows and climate impacts affect availability. Managing the effects of climate ch ...
Ch. 7 Presentation
... Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have been linked to global climate change (also called global warming), a slow but steady rise in Earth’s surface temperature. ...
... Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have been linked to global climate change (also called global warming), a slow but steady rise in Earth’s surface temperature. ...
The science of climate change in Africa: impacts and
... Attempting to understand the effects of climate change on Africa is fraught with difficulties. While some things are known and relatively well understood, there is still great uncertainty about the key climatic processes and their consequences. There is also much that is simply unknown. In this repo ...
... Attempting to understand the effects of climate change on Africa is fraught with difficulties. While some things are known and relatively well understood, there is still great uncertainty about the key climatic processes and their consequences. There is also much that is simply unknown. In this repo ...
Warm Arctic*cold continents: climate impacts of the
... variations are emphasized with a two-way Butterworth low-pass filter constructed to remove frequencies higher than 0.1 cycles per year (black line). The early 20th century warming episode and the recent temperature increase are evident. From Wood et al. (2010). ...
... variations are emphasized with a two-way Butterworth low-pass filter constructed to remove frequencies higher than 0.1 cycles per year (black line). The early 20th century warming episode and the recent temperature increase are evident. From Wood et al. (2010). ...
- Wiley Online Library
... 2013). It is also important to integrate the linkages between human and ecological needs. A focus on identification and prioritization of needs is a more integrative way to arrive at sustainable development solutions, and sustainable development ’problems’ can often be understood as unmet needs. The ...
... 2013). It is also important to integrate the linkages between human and ecological needs. A focus on identification and prioritization of needs is a more integrative way to arrive at sustainable development solutions, and sustainable development ’problems’ can often be understood as unmet needs. The ...
The impact of climate change on growth of local white spruce
... 2000) predict a rapid climate change. Following the models’ estimates, the mean annual temperature in the northern hemisphere will rise, and patterns of precipitation will be modified. Over the last two decades, many studies have attempted to evaluate the potential impact of these global phenomena o ...
... 2000) predict a rapid climate change. Following the models’ estimates, the mean annual temperature in the northern hemisphere will rise, and patterns of precipitation will be modified. Over the last two decades, many studies have attempted to evaluate the potential impact of these global phenomena o ...
Winners and losers: Ecological and biogeochemical changes in a
... phases, the three-dimensional ocean is forced with prescribed wind fields. These fields have variability as provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) [Kalnay et al., 1996] reanalysis (detrended winds over the period 1948 to 2007 are employed; these winds are “recycled” for y ...
... phases, the three-dimensional ocean is forced with prescribed wind fields. These fields have variability as provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) [Kalnay et al., 1996] reanalysis (detrended winds over the period 1948 to 2007 are employed; these winds are “recycled” for y ...
Document
... • Scheme seems unfair to those companies who have already made investment to improve their efficiency & reduce carbon. • Internal staff can deal with the CRC but we will make selective use of external staff for specific energy efficiency projects. • We have concerns around the split of absolute/rela ...
... • Scheme seems unfair to those companies who have already made investment to improve their efficiency & reduce carbon. • Internal staff can deal with the CRC but we will make selective use of external staff for specific energy efficiency projects. • We have concerns around the split of absolute/rela ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""