Icebreakers Neg.Paper
... nations see it as an international waterway that just happens to pass through Canada's Arctic region. Under that premise, Canada would not have the right to deny passage to foreign ships. But Canada calls the Northwest Passage an internal waterway, and maintains it has the right to regulate and prot ...
... nations see it as an international waterway that just happens to pass through Canada's Arctic region. Under that premise, Canada would not have the right to deny passage to foreign ships. But Canada calls the Northwest Passage an internal waterway, and maintains it has the right to regulate and prot ...
Phenological and water-use patterns underlying maximum
... (see Supplementary Table S1 available as Supplementary Data at Tree Physiology Online), bud break occurred around 28 May in the L stand and, on average, 9 days later in the U stand. However, estimated growth cessation (the a parameter of the sigmoid function, see Eq. (2)) occurred significantly late ...
... (see Supplementary Table S1 available as Supplementary Data at Tree Physiology Online), bud break occurred around 28 May in the L stand and, on average, 9 days later in the U stand. However, estimated growth cessation (the a parameter of the sigmoid function, see Eq. (2)) occurred significantly late ...
Estimating intensive and extensive margin adaptation to climate
... for these units and decreases overall consumption. Second, higher electricity prices have a negative effect on current consumption and a marginal negative effect on adoption. Finally, lower prices of air conditioners lead to higher demand and marginally lower consumption. He uses five cross sections ...
... for these units and decreases overall consumption. Second, higher electricity prices have a negative effect on current consumption and a marginal negative effect on adoption. Finally, lower prices of air conditioners lead to higher demand and marginally lower consumption. He uses five cross sections ...
Redalyc.Climate Change and the Caribbean: Review and Response
... Global and regional Climate Change The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) suggests that as the world warms there should be seven increasing indicators—sea surface temperatures, temperatures over the sea, temperatures over the land, oceanic heat content, atmospheric humidity, sea ...
... Global and regional Climate Change The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) suggests that as the world warms there should be seven increasing indicators—sea surface temperatures, temperatures over the sea, temperatures over the land, oceanic heat content, atmospheric humidity, sea ...
understanding el niño in ocean–atmosphere general
... ENSO is a damped mode externally sustained by atmospheric random “noise” forcing. There are arguments to support both perspectives, and there are studies that suggest that the system may alternate between multidecadal epochs of more damped march 2009 ...
... ENSO is a damped mode externally sustained by atmospheric random “noise” forcing. There are arguments to support both perspectives, and there are studies that suggest that the system may alternate between multidecadal epochs of more damped march 2009 ...
Interannual variability and expected regional climate change over
... Abstract This study aims to analyse the interannual variability simulated by several regional climate models (RCMs), and its potential for disguising the effect of seasonal temperature increases due to greenhouse gases. In order to accomplish this, we used an ensemble of regional climate change proj ...
... Abstract This study aims to analyse the interannual variability simulated by several regional climate models (RCMs), and its potential for disguising the effect of seasonal temperature increases due to greenhouse gases. In order to accomplish this, we used an ensemble of regional climate change proj ...
From Words to Facts: Acting on climate change
... the disasters that occurred bet[een and [ere hydro-meteorological events -n , around of the country population lived in risk areas and, in the country occupied the th place on the Global Climate Risk index The impacts of the recent drought of , [hich affect the re ...
... the disasters that occurred bet[een and [ere hydro-meteorological events -n , around of the country population lived in risk areas and, in the country occupied the th place on the Global Climate Risk index The impacts of the recent drought of , [hich affect the re ...
The Open Ocean
... growth of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. • RCP4.5 ‘ two degree stabilization scenario’ or ‘Moderate Mitigation’ (MM) – where there is a continued rapid initial growth of greenhouse gas concentrations, but stabilizing concentrations from 2070 onward. Parties to the Paris Agreement ...
... growth of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. • RCP4.5 ‘ two degree stabilization scenario’ or ‘Moderate Mitigation’ (MM) – where there is a continued rapid initial growth of greenhouse gas concentrations, but stabilizing concentrations from 2070 onward. Parties to the Paris Agreement ...
Climate Leviathan - The Ohio State University
... accelerate and consolidate as climate-induced disruptions of accumulation and political stability become more urgent. Although binding agreement could not be reached in Copenhagen, Cancún, or Durban, the terms of a potential agreement are clear enough. To begin, capitalism itself is not a question ...
... accelerate and consolidate as climate-induced disruptions of accumulation and political stability become more urgent. Although binding agreement could not be reached in Copenhagen, Cancún, or Durban, the terms of a potential agreement are clear enough. To begin, capitalism itself is not a question ...
Antarctic precipitation and climate-change predictions: horizontal
... How sea-surface boundary conditions are best interpolated from a coupled model on a different and much coarser grid is discussed by Krinner and others (2008). The atmosphere-only model grid is stretched in order to increase resolution in the Antarctic region (Krinner and others, 1997). As a result, ...
... How sea-surface boundary conditions are best interpolated from a coupled model on a different and much coarser grid is discussed by Krinner and others (2008). The atmosphere-only model grid is stretched in order to increase resolution in the Antarctic region (Krinner and others, 1997). As a result, ...
Water-based Adhesives for Flexible Packaging
... impact of air emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Increased GHGs in the troposphere result in warming of the earth’s surface. The impact of greenhouse gas emissions – such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) – is assessed over a fixed time period of 100 years. ...
... impact of air emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Increased GHGs in the troposphere result in warming of the earth’s surface. The impact of greenhouse gas emissions – such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) – is assessed over a fixed time period of 100 years. ...
Climate Change Resilient Transport, May 2011
... An efficient and reliable transport system is essential for the society, for the transport of goods, for employment and for leisure. Currently, Europe’s transport systems struggle to cope with extreme weather events, and climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and severity of certain w ...
... An efficient and reliable transport system is essential for the society, for the transport of goods, for employment and for leisure. Currently, Europe’s transport systems struggle to cope with extreme weather events, and climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and severity of certain w ...
Summary of UN-Habitat`s CCCI Climate Change Assessment for the
... The physiographic and geophysical characteristics of the Philippines make it highly vulnerable to climate change. The country is an archipelago composed of 7,107 islands and it has a total coastline of 34,000 kilometers. As such, seventy percent (70%) of the cities/municipalities depend on coastline ...
... The physiographic and geophysical characteristics of the Philippines make it highly vulnerable to climate change. The country is an archipelago composed of 7,107 islands and it has a total coastline of 34,000 kilometers. As such, seventy percent (70%) of the cities/municipalities depend on coastline ...
The Business of AdApTing To ClimATe ChAnge
... that it is already too late2 to avoid further significant warming of 2-6ºC before the end of this century.3 Unlike previous cycles, the earth’s current experience of global warming is most likely induced by human activity. In theory this is good news as it means that alterations in mankind’s behavio ...
... that it is already too late2 to avoid further significant warming of 2-6ºC before the end of this century.3 Unlike previous cycles, the earth’s current experience of global warming is most likely induced by human activity. In theory this is good news as it means that alterations in mankind’s behavio ...
How Does Climate Change Affect Agricultural Stability in Southeast
... production risks in agriculture could be exacerbated from changes in temperature, rainfall trends or from the greater extremes of climate variability and has the potential to be increased by climate change in the future. However, there are potentially positive as well as negative effects, and the ch ...
... production risks in agriculture could be exacerbated from changes in temperature, rainfall trends or from the greater extremes of climate variability and has the potential to be increased by climate change in the future. However, there are potentially positive as well as negative effects, and the ch ...
Warming Power of CO2 and H2O: Correlations with Temperature
... and 1998. The close relationship between the CO2 increase in the atmosphere and the increase of industrial CO2 production and waste seemed to confirm the relationship and present discordant arguments against the warming model based on the carbon dioxide increase. Physical, chemical and mathematical ...
... and 1998. The close relationship between the CO2 increase in the atmosphere and the increase of industrial CO2 production and waste seemed to confirm the relationship and present discordant arguments against the warming model based on the carbon dioxide increase. Physical, chemical and mathematical ...
Estimating climate change effects on net primary production of
... A spinup simulation was performed to create steady state conditions for the ecosystems from which future projections began. Biome-BGC requires daily estimates of maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, daylength, solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit. Temperature and precipitation data ...
... A spinup simulation was performed to create steady state conditions for the ecosystems from which future projections began. Biome-BGC requires daily estimates of maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, daylength, solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit. Temperature and precipitation data ...
Paulo Nobre
... • To build an Earth System Model in Brazil, from state of the art component models in the nation and abroad: 1. To incorporate expert knowledge about ocean-iceatmosphere-biosphere interactions of relevance to Brazil; 2. To provide the scientific foundations of global climate change scenarios for mit ...
... • To build an Earth System Model in Brazil, from state of the art component models in the nation and abroad: 1. To incorporate expert knowledge about ocean-iceatmosphere-biosphere interactions of relevance to Brazil; 2. To provide the scientific foundations of global climate change scenarios for mit ...
Hydrologic impacts of climate change on the Nile River Basin
... the dominant hydrometeorological processes taking place at the land surface– atmosphere interface. The VIC model forcings were daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, and daily average wind speed, for each 1/2◦ model grid cell (other forcing variables—specifically downward solar and lo ...
... the dominant hydrometeorological processes taking place at the land surface– atmosphere interface. The VIC model forcings were daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, and daily average wind speed, for each 1/2◦ model grid cell (other forcing variables—specifically downward solar and lo ...
SASHA CAREY REED
... Selected October 2011. Funding is $224,000 over 2 years ($189,000 covering the post-doctoral fellow’s salary and benefits). USGS-SBSC Inter-annual rainfall variability. Data suggest that inter-annual variation in rainfall patterns could result in plant mortality in dryland ecosystems. This research ...
... Selected October 2011. Funding is $224,000 over 2 years ($189,000 covering the post-doctoral fellow’s salary and benefits). USGS-SBSC Inter-annual rainfall variability. Data suggest that inter-annual variation in rainfall patterns could result in plant mortality in dryland ecosystems. This research ...
Climate System Observations and Prediction Experiment (COPE)
... The Climate of the Twentieth Century Project (C20C; J. Kinter) Discussion on Seasonal Prediction in a Changing Climate (Plenary Discussion) Developing a Coordinated Plan for Pan-WCRP Seasonal Prediction ...
... The Climate of the Twentieth Century Project (C20C; J. Kinter) Discussion on Seasonal Prediction in a Changing Climate (Plenary Discussion) Developing a Coordinated Plan for Pan-WCRP Seasonal Prediction ...
Victoria`s Climate Change Framework
... The transition to a clean energy future is underway. Other countries are seizing the opportunities created by new technologies and changing consumer preferences, and preparing for the inevitable impacts of climate change. We are legislating our emissions reduction target of net zero by 2050 and to b ...
... The transition to a clean energy future is underway. Other countries are seizing the opportunities created by new technologies and changing consumer preferences, and preparing for the inevitable impacts of climate change. We are legislating our emissions reduction target of net zero by 2050 and to b ...
Integrated Development and Climate Policies: how to realise benefits at national
... sector. Increasing efficiency by reducing losses will also have immediate benefits. The average water wastage due to plumbing leaks in the household is for example estimated at 20% of the total indoor household water use. ...
... sector. Increasing efficiency by reducing losses will also have immediate benefits. The average water wastage due to plumbing leaks in the household is for example estimated at 20% of the total indoor household water use. ...
Samoa
... Climate Risk Profile (CRP). Young. W.: 2007 best estimates of long term, systematic changes in the average climate for Samoa indicate that by 2050 sea level is likely to have increased by 36 cm; rainfall shall increase by 1.2%; extreme wind gusts by 7%, and maximum temperatures by 0.7˚ C. However, t ...
... Climate Risk Profile (CRP). Young. W.: 2007 best estimates of long term, systematic changes in the average climate for Samoa indicate that by 2050 sea level is likely to have increased by 36 cm; rainfall shall increase by 1.2%; extreme wind gusts by 7%, and maximum temperatures by 0.7˚ C. However, t ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""