• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Evasion of Immunity I
Evasion of Immunity I

... But get cercarial dermatitis (‘swimmers itch’). In duck host - established infection. ...
Macrophytes shape trophic niche variation among generalist fishes
Macrophytes shape trophic niche variation among generalist fishes

Gill Netting
Gill Netting

... less maintenance than natural fibres like cotton and hemp, which had previously been used to make nets. In addition, nets made with synthetic twines generally caught more fish than nets of natural fibre used in comparable situations. Most gill-net fisheries, for both migratory salmonids and marine s ...
Ecology of the threatened thick-shelled river mussel Unio crassus
Ecology of the threatened thick-shelled river mussel Unio crassus

The translocation of Golden Perch, Murray Cod and Australian Bass
The translocation of Golden Perch, Murray Cod and Australian Bass

... Translocation of non-endemic species is the movement of organisms beyond their natural range and/or to areas within their natural range that have genetic stocks and/or populations distinct from those in the source area (Ministerial Council on Forestry, Fisheries and Aquaculture, 1999). This infers t ...
Ecosystem perspective on changes and anomalies
Ecosystem perspective on changes and anomalies

... The beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) is a small odontocete with a circumpolar distribution, and morphologic traits that make it well adapted for living in an ice-covered environment. The population in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL) and its estuary is considered an Arctic relic from the last glaciation ...
How parasites affect interactions between competitors and predators
How parasites affect interactions between competitors and predators

POTENTIAL TECHNIQUES FOR MARKING AND TAGGING
POTENTIAL TECHNIQUES FOR MARKING AND TAGGING

... In the last fifteen years there has been notable progress adapting marking and tagging methods for perciform fish to the dissimilar morphology of seahorses, but published data remain scarce. Techniques developed for other taxa such as invertebrates may also be feasible and deserve greater attention ...
Overcoming evolutionary history: conditioning the
Overcoming evolutionary history: conditioning the

... Organisms use cues to assess their environment; however, changes to the environment can cause a mismatch between current cues and the conditions with which they were historically associated (Schlaepfer et al., 2002; Schlaepher et al., 2005; Robertson et al., 2013). Individuals can consequently becom ...
Long-term changes in zooplanktivorous fish community composition
Long-term changes in zooplanktivorous fish community composition

... shifts in the relative proportions of its dominant species, Daphnia pulicaria and Daphnia galeata mendotae (Kitchell and Sanford 1992; Lathrop and Carpenter 1992). Large-bodied D. pulicaria are competitively superior to D. galeata (Lynch et al. 1986; Leibold 1989) and should dominate the zooplankton ...
Anthropomorphism and `mental welfare`of fishes
Anthropomorphism and `mental welfare`of fishes

... asserted by Laland et al. (2003, p. 3) that new evidence showing learning by fishes proves that they have more than an ‘... ‘infamous 3 second memory.’ Now they are regarded as steeped in social intelligence, pursuing Machiavellian strategies of manipulation, punishment and reconciliation...’ In con ...
Fish Habitat Management for PA Impoundments
Fish Habitat Management for PA Impoundments

... Although the Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission’s first official cooperative fish habitat improvement program started in the spring of 1972, the first lake habitat project did not take place until 1979. The Lake Fish Habitat Improvement Program (FHI) in Pennsylvania expanded further in the spring o ...
The impact of fish predation on invasive rusty crayfish
The impact of fish predation on invasive rusty crayfish

Disturbance, Habitat Structure, and the Dynamics of a Coral
Disturbance, Habitat Structure, and the Dynamics of a Coral

... with pulsed mortality generated similar community responses as the habitat disturbance treatment alone. However, fish removal had the effect of eliminating the difference between fish assemblages on reefs subjected to different levels of habitat disturbance. Community response to habitat disturbance ...
Characteristics of fish fauna of the Macintyre and Dumaresq Rivers
Characteristics of fish fauna of the Macintyre and Dumaresq Rivers

... perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) are rare species in both river systems. On the other hand, gudgeons (Hypseletoris sp.), Murray River rainbow fish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) and Darling hardyhead (Craterocephalus amniculus) are all relatively abundant in the Border Rivers region. Other species have variabl ...
BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ANEMONE FISH - Library
BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ANEMONE FISH - Library

... non-symbiont coral reef fish species, the scissor-tailed sergeant, Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Family Pomacentridae) and the moon wrasse, Thalassoma lunare (Family Labridae) to provide comparison and knowledge insight into anemone fish ability to live unharmed along the tentacles of sea anemone, H. magn ...
Review Questions and Answers
Review Questions and Answers

Estimating enhancement of fish production by offshore artificial reefs: uncertainty exhibited
Estimating enhancement of fish production by offshore artificial reefs: uncertainty exhibited

... Smith et al. (1979) performed diver surveys and collections with rotenone to document fish abundance on both natural (Dunedin Reef) and artificial (Clearwater Artificial Reefs) reefs from 1975 to 1976. Study reefs were located at 7 to 9 m depth, approximately 7 km offshore along the west coast of ce ...
Effects of Temperature, Salinity and Fish in Structuring
Effects of Temperature, Salinity and Fish in Structuring

... enhance periphyton growth and indirectly promote the turbid water state by outshading macrophytes [13]. In addition, potentially higher predation by small fish within the plants beds may influence the spatial distribution and diel movements of macroinvertebrates. Thus, zooplankton have been shown to ...
pond permanence and the effects of exotic vertebrates on - Gt-ibma
pond permanence and the effects of exotic vertebrates on - Gt-ibma

... water long enough for larvae to reach metamorphosis so desiccation is not often a major mortality factor. The remains of the previous year’s emergent vegetation (mostly reed canarygrass, Phalaris arundinacea) were gathered from the marsh bottom around the enclosures and piled into the bottom of the ...
Texas Farm Ponds: Stocking, Assessment, and Management
Texas Farm Ponds: Stocking, Assessment, and Management

... If you are feeding the catfish, feed them daily during the growing season (April through November), giving them the amount of feed they will eat in 10 to 15 minutes, but not more than 30 pounds per acre per day. Feed them about once a week during the other months. A daily feeding program with a good ...
Management of Recreational Fish Ponds in Texas
Management of Recreational Fish Ponds in Texas

BIOLOGICAL SYNOPSIS OF Garra rufa
BIOLOGICAL SYNOPSIS OF Garra rufa

Use of wild fish and other aquatic organisms as feed in
Use of wild fish and other aquatic organisms as feed in

... tonnes of feedfish. While the capture and processing of feedfish provides only a small contribution to European fisheries-related employment (0.5 percent) and value added (2.8 percent), they help support an important aquaculture industry that has been dependent upon regional fishmeal and fish oil pr ...
Limnol. Oceanogr., 44(3, part 2), 1999, 950–97
Limnol. Oceanogr., 44(3, part 2), 1999, 950–97

< 1 ... 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ... 37 >

Myxobolus cerebralis



Myxobolus cerebralis is a myxosporean parasite of salmonids (salmon, trout, and their allies) that causes whirling disease in farmed salmon and trout and also in wild fish populations. It was first described in rainbow trout in Germany a century ago, but its range has spread and it has appeared in most of Europe (including Russia), the United States, South Africa and other countries. In the 1980s, M. cerebralis was found to require a tubificid oligochaete (a kind of segmented worm) to complete its life cycle. The parasite infects its hosts with its cells after piercing them with polar filaments ejected from nematocyst-like capsules.Whirling disease afflicts juvenile fish (fingerlings and fry) and causes skeletal deformation and neurological damage. Fish ""whirl"" forward in an awkward, corkscrew-like pattern instead of swimming normally, find feeding difficult, and are more vulnerable to predators. The mortality rate is high for fingerlings, up to 90% of infected populations, and those that do survive are deformed by the parasites residing in their cartilage and bone. They act as a reservoir for the parasite, which is released into water following the fish's death. M. cerebralis is one of the most economically important myxozoans in fish, as well as one of the most pathogenic. It was the first myxosporean whose pathology and symptoms were described scientifically. The parasite is not transmissible to humans.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report