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Atlantic salmon restoration in the Great Lakes as an example of
Atlantic salmon restoration in the Great Lakes as an example of

... Atlantic salmon restoration in the Great Lakes as an example of species restoration Chris Wilson Aquatic Research Section Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources ...
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... Historically, Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida (A. salmonicida) has been recognised as the most important bacterial salmonid pathogen because of its severe economic impact especially on the aquaculture industry (Olivier 1997). Ever since the Furunculosis Committee considered the intestine as a ...
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Myxobolus cerebralis



Myxobolus cerebralis is a myxosporean parasite of salmonids (salmon, trout, and their allies) that causes whirling disease in farmed salmon and trout and also in wild fish populations. It was first described in rainbow trout in Germany a century ago, but its range has spread and it has appeared in most of Europe (including Russia), the United States, South Africa and other countries. In the 1980s, M. cerebralis was found to require a tubificid oligochaete (a kind of segmented worm) to complete its life cycle. The parasite infects its hosts with its cells after piercing them with polar filaments ejected from nematocyst-like capsules.Whirling disease afflicts juvenile fish (fingerlings and fry) and causes skeletal deformation and neurological damage. Fish ""whirl"" forward in an awkward, corkscrew-like pattern instead of swimming normally, find feeding difficult, and are more vulnerable to predators. The mortality rate is high for fingerlings, up to 90% of infected populations, and those that do survive are deformed by the parasites residing in their cartilage and bone. They act as a reservoir for the parasite, which is released into water following the fish's death. M. cerebralis is one of the most economically important myxozoans in fish, as well as one of the most pathogenic. It was the first myxosporean whose pathology and symptoms were described scientifically. The parasite is not transmissible to humans.
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