Hepatitis B: Out of the shadows - The Foundation for Liver Research
... cause death from liver failure or cancer. Yet chronic hepatitis B lurks in the shadows failing to attract either the research funds or the attention from purchasers, service providers and the media that it deserves. For example, HBV is one hundred times more infectious than HIV in blood or body flui ...
... cause death from liver failure or cancer. Yet chronic hepatitis B lurks in the shadows failing to attract either the research funds or the attention from purchasers, service providers and the media that it deserves. For example, HBV is one hundred times more infectious than HIV in blood or body flui ...
Full Text - Clinical Infectious Diseases
... humans have been conducted to analyze community-acquired respiratory tract infection than any other therapeutic area [15– 20]. Preston et al. [15] evaluated the relationship between different PK-PD measures and both clinical and microbiological outcomes in patients treated with levofloxacin for urin ...
... humans have been conducted to analyze community-acquired respiratory tract infection than any other therapeutic area [15– 20]. Preston et al. [15] evaluated the relationship between different PK-PD measures and both clinical and microbiological outcomes in patients treated with levofloxacin for urin ...
WHO/PAHO Collaborating Center on New and Emerging
... a) Establish epidemiological analysis methods to predict the trends of new and emerging zoonoses, define appropriate methods of risk assessment of disease introduction by international trade and population migration. b) Develop diagnostic tools and molecular biological markers for diagnosis and epid ...
... a) Establish epidemiological analysis methods to predict the trends of new and emerging zoonoses, define appropriate methods of risk assessment of disease introduction by international trade and population migration. b) Develop diagnostic tools and molecular biological markers for diagnosis and epid ...
Virus in food and drinking water in Sweden
... In 2003, a total of 122 cases of HAV were reported in Sweden. However, there exists a potential hazard of HAV contaminated food in Sweden, which may lead to large outbreaks with severe health consequences. Norovirus normally causes illness lasting for few days whereas HAV causes illness for several ...
... In 2003, a total of 122 cases of HAV were reported in Sweden. However, there exists a potential hazard of HAV contaminated food in Sweden, which may lead to large outbreaks with severe health consequences. Norovirus normally causes illness lasting for few days whereas HAV causes illness for several ...
Avian and swine influenza viruses
... in North America and Europe have revealed a high prevalence of viruses of low virulence for poultry. Isolation rates may reach up to 15% in ducks and up to 2.8% in other wild birds, but they also depend on the bird species and age, time and place. Several wild bird species have the potential to dist ...
... in North America and Europe have revealed a high prevalence of viruses of low virulence for poultry. Isolation rates may reach up to 15% in ducks and up to 2.8% in other wild birds, but they also depend on the bird species and age, time and place. Several wild bird species have the potential to dist ...
Growth failure in HIV - infected children Stephen M. Arpadi
... with HIV infection (14). The influence of maternal nutritional status on birth outcomes are discussed in greater detail in this report by Papathakis (15). Intrauterine exposure to ARVs either as a maternal therapy or as chemoprophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission does not appear to ...
... with HIV infection (14). The influence of maternal nutritional status on birth outcomes are discussed in greater detail in this report by Papathakis (15). Intrauterine exposure to ARVs either as a maternal therapy or as chemoprophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission does not appear to ...
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology,
... Over 90% of the two billion people infected with M. tuberculosis are able to contain the infection without developing disease although the pathogen is not completely eliminated. Whether or not infection will lead to development of disease depends on the outcome of a complex interaction between the p ...
... Over 90% of the two billion people infected with M. tuberculosis are able to contain the infection without developing disease although the pathogen is not completely eliminated. Whether or not infection will lead to development of disease depends on the outcome of a complex interaction between the p ...
Novel approaches to the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis REVIEW
... chronically infected with mucoid organisms have a more rapid decline in clinical status compared with those with nonmucoid P. aeruginosa who in turn decline more rapidly than those without infection [13]. There is significant phenotypic variation between P. aeruginosa strains found to infect the CF ...
... chronically infected with mucoid organisms have a more rapid decline in clinical status compared with those with nonmucoid P. aeruginosa who in turn decline more rapidly than those without infection [13]. There is significant phenotypic variation between P. aeruginosa strains found to infect the CF ...
Rapid Onset of Protection Against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
... Figure 1. Mean body temperature for groups of calves vaccinated with a commercial modified-live virus multivalent (bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 & 2, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial virus) vaccine at various intervals before intranasal challenge with bovine herpesvirus 1 ...
... Figure 1. Mean body temperature for groups of calves vaccinated with a commercial modified-live virus multivalent (bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 & 2, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial virus) vaccine at various intervals before intranasal challenge with bovine herpesvirus 1 ...
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... Immunosuppression increases the susceptibility of chicks to opportunistic microorganisms in the environment (Homer et al., 1992) and lowers responsiveness to vaccination (Faragher et al., 1974). Prevention of avian diseases can be achieved by biosecurity; however, Infectious bursal disease virus (IB ...
... Immunosuppression increases the susceptibility of chicks to opportunistic microorganisms in the environment (Homer et al., 1992) and lowers responsiveness to vaccination (Faragher et al., 1974). Prevention of avian diseases can be achieved by biosecurity; however, Infectious bursal disease virus (IB ...
Vaccines for Infection Salmon Anemia Virus
... The manner in which ISA virus is transmitted from one area to another is not yet known. Horizontal transmission studies have shown that cohabitation of uninfected Atlantic salmon with ISA virus-infected Atlantic salmon results in the spread of the ISA virus to uninfected fish (Thorud & Djubvik et al ...
... The manner in which ISA virus is transmitted from one area to another is not yet known. Horizontal transmission studies have shown that cohabitation of uninfected Atlantic salmon with ISA virus-infected Atlantic salmon results in the spread of the ISA virus to uninfected fish (Thorud & Djubvik et al ...
Community-acquired pneumonia in Europe: causative pathogens and resistance patterns M. Woodhead
... knowledge of these it is possible to wrongly conclude that the causative organisms in two studies are the same when they may not be, and also that they are different when in fact they may be the same. These issues can be divided into healthcare delivery, population, epidemiological and study methodo ...
... knowledge of these it is possible to wrongly conclude that the causative organisms in two studies are the same when they may not be, and also that they are different when in fact they may be the same. These issues can be divided into healthcare delivery, population, epidemiological and study methodo ...
Modes of Transmission - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... General factors that may increase susceptibility are: ...
... General factors that may increase susceptibility are: ...
1. Syphilis
... syphilis nodosa and gumma occur in the skin. As systemic symptoms, neurological and cardiovascular symptoms occur. ● There is no primary syphilis in congenital syphilis (transplacental infection). ● Diagnosis is made by detection of the pathogenic microbe and serologic test. Penicillin antibiotics a ...
... syphilis nodosa and gumma occur in the skin. As systemic symptoms, neurological and cardiovascular symptoms occur. ● There is no primary syphilis in congenital syphilis (transplacental infection). ● Diagnosis is made by detection of the pathogenic microbe and serologic test. Penicillin antibiotics a ...
Related File - One Health Commission
... there is evidence of initial virus replication in the nasopharynx that progresses through a viremic phase during which the virus spreads to major organ systems, resulting in disseminated endothelial cell infection, vasculitis, encephalitis, and pneumonia (4 (#r4) –7 (#r7) ). There is no licensed ant ...
... there is evidence of initial virus replication in the nasopharynx that progresses through a viremic phase during which the virus spreads to major organ systems, resulting in disseminated endothelial cell infection, vasculitis, encephalitis, and pneumonia (4 (#r4) –7 (#r7) ). There is no licensed ant ...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
... in 1961 (Jevons et al, 1961[III]), shortly after methicillin was introduced into clinical practice, and the name ‘MRSA’ has stuck since then. For many years its clinical significance was questioned until a large increase in isolations and invasive infections affecting most hospitals was reported dur ...
... in 1961 (Jevons et al, 1961[III]), shortly after methicillin was introduced into clinical practice, and the name ‘MRSA’ has stuck since then. For many years its clinical significance was questioned until a large increase in isolations and invasive infections affecting most hospitals was reported dur ...
Replication of hepatitis C virus in peripheral blood mononuclear
... Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic hepatitis, which may lead to liver cirrhosis and subsequently to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV is a primarily hepatotropic virus, but hepatocytes are not the only localization of its replication. Extrahepatic replication is well recognized ...
... Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic hepatitis, which may lead to liver cirrhosis and subsequently to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV is a primarily hepatotropic virus, but hepatocytes are not the only localization of its replication. Extrahepatic replication is well recognized ...
Fever of unknown origin in returning travellers
... tissue infection, and genitourinary infection as major causes. Among 613 French patients hospitalised due to a history of travel and fever, malaria was the most common diagnosis (75.2%), while food-borne and water-borne infections, like gastroenteritis, typhoid fever or shigellosis were the second m ...
... tissue infection, and genitourinary infection as major causes. Among 613 French patients hospitalised due to a history of travel and fever, malaria was the most common diagnosis (75.2%), while food-borne and water-borne infections, like gastroenteritis, typhoid fever or shigellosis were the second m ...
Filamentous influenza viruses
... which have been intensively studied for decades. Despite such close attention, one of the most striking features of influenza infections has been typically overlooked. Although influenza viruses are often described as producing spherical virions, natural infections are characterized by the additiona ...
... which have been intensively studied for decades. Despite such close attention, one of the most striking features of influenza infections has been typically overlooked. Although influenza viruses are often described as producing spherical virions, natural infections are characterized by the additiona ...
the foundations of medical and veterinary virology
... research. (3) In some instances the table includes two entries for a given virus, one from the era when the classification of an infectious agent as a virus was based solely upon its ultrafilterability, and a second from the modern era, when the virus was defined by more definitive methods. (4) The ...
... research. (3) In some instances the table includes two entries for a given virus, one from the era when the classification of an infectious agent as a virus was based solely upon its ultrafilterability, and a second from the modern era, when the virus was defined by more definitive methods. (4) The ...
Personalized ventilation as a control measure for airborne
... supplying/sucking the air at a prescribed flow rate, and the nose and mouth shaped as closely as possible to that of the human being, inhalation – exhalation were simulated in terms of frequency, quantity and velocity. To simulate breathing under light office work, the pulmonary ventilation volume was ...
... supplying/sucking the air at a prescribed flow rate, and the nose and mouth shaped as closely as possible to that of the human being, inhalation – exhalation were simulated in terms of frequency, quantity and velocity. To simulate breathing under light office work, the pulmonary ventilation volume was ...
Human cytomegalovirus
Human cytomegalovirus is a species of the Cytomegalovirus genus of viruses, which in turn is a member of the viral family known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. It is typically abbreviated as HCMV or, commonly but more ambiguously, as CMV. It is also known as human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). Within Herpesviridae, HCMV belongs to the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily, which also includes cytomegaloviruses from other mammals.Although they may be found throughout the body, HCMV infections are frequently associated with the salivary glands. HCMV infection is typically unnoticed in healthy people, but can be life-threatening for the immunocompromised, such as HIV-infected persons, organ transplant recipients, or newborn infants. After infection, HCMV remains latent within the body throughout life and can be reactivated at any time. Eventually, it may cause mucoepidermoid carcinoma and possibly other malignancies such as prostate cancer.HCMV is found throughout all geographic locations and socioeconomic groups, and infects between 60% and 70% of adults in industrialized countries and almost 100% in emerging countries.Of all herpes viruses, HCMV harbors the most genes dedicated to altering (evading) innate and adaptive immunity in the host and represents a life-long burden of antigenic T cell surveillance and immune dysfunction.Commonly it is indicated by the presence of antibodies in the general population. Seroprevalence is age-dependent: 58.9% of individuals aged 6 and older are infected with CMV while 90.8% of individuals aged 80 and older are positive for HCMV. HCMV is also the virus most frequently transmitted to a developing fetus.HCMV infection is more widespread in developing countries and in communities with lower socioeconomic status and represents the most significant viral cause of birth defects in industrialized countries. Congenital HCMV is the leading infectious cause of deafness, learning disabilities, and intellectual disability in childrenCMV also ""seems to have a large impact on immune parameters in later life and may contribute to increased morbidity and eventual mortality.""