Lymphatic filariasis fact sheet pdf, 140kb - WHO South
... Lymphatic filariasis (LF) or elephantiasis is one of the most debilitating and disfiguring scourge among all diseases. It is a major public health problem in many South‐East Asian countries. Nine out of the 11 countries in the Region are known to be endemic for filariasis. The infect ...
... Lymphatic filariasis (LF) or elephantiasis is one of the most debilitating and disfiguring scourge among all diseases. It is a major public health problem in many South‐East Asian countries. Nine out of the 11 countries in the Region are known to be endemic for filariasis. The infect ...
Lecture 12: HIV Infection
... the immune system as well as to become resistant to antiretrovirals? How is HIV-1 replication regulated to synchronize its replication to that of its host cell? What molecular mechanisms are used by HIV-1 to ...
... the immune system as well as to become resistant to antiretrovirals? How is HIV-1 replication regulated to synchronize its replication to that of its host cell? What molecular mechanisms are used by HIV-1 to ...
Chapter 19 lecture outline
... While phages have the potential to wipe out a bacterial colony in hours, bacteria have defenses against phages. ○ Natural selection favors bacterial mutants with receptor sites that are no longer recognized by a particular type of phage. ○ Bacteria produce restriction enzymes that recognize and cut ...
... While phages have the potential to wipe out a bacterial colony in hours, bacteria have defenses against phages. ○ Natural selection favors bacterial mutants with receptor sites that are no longer recognized by a particular type of phage. ○ Bacteria produce restriction enzymes that recognize and cut ...
FAO Collaborative Studies for FMD Standardisation: Phase XIX - Virological Assays
... overall and included primary bovine thyroid and kidney cells, primary and secondary lamb kidney cells, foetal goat tongue and BHK cells and other cells of porcine origin, including primary and secondary kidney cells, PK-15 and SK-6 cells plus those of the IB-RS-2 cell line. Additionally, there were ...
... overall and included primary bovine thyroid and kidney cells, primary and secondary lamb kidney cells, foetal goat tongue and BHK cells and other cells of porcine origin, including primary and secondary kidney cells, PK-15 and SK-6 cells plus those of the IB-RS-2 cell line. Additionally, there were ...
Genotypic characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses from India
... Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious and economically important disease of chickens. In India, IB vaccinations are carried out using vaccines belonging only to the Massachusetts 41 (Ma41) serotype. However, the vaccine strain used may not always be protective and it becomes nece ...
... Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious and economically important disease of chickens. In India, IB vaccinations are carried out using vaccines belonging only to the Massachusetts 41 (Ma41) serotype. However, the vaccine strain used may not always be protective and it becomes nece ...
PDF - Austin Publishing Group
... complex in a wide variety of mammal hosts [4,5]. Horses are believed to be more resistant to mycobacterial infections compared to other livestock species [6]. The incidence of TB in horses is extremely low, especially in countries with established control programs [7]. On the other hand, equine case ...
... complex in a wide variety of mammal hosts [4,5]. Horses are believed to be more resistant to mycobacterial infections compared to other livestock species [6]. The incidence of TB in horses is extremely low, especially in countries with established control programs [7]. On the other hand, equine case ...
University of Groningen Dengue and Chikungunya virus van
... dogma is that antibody-bound virions are taken up by Fc-receptor expressing cells and are delivered to the endocytic pathway for degradation. Importantly, Fc-receptors are expressed on myeloid cells, which are the main natural target cells of DENV. Therefore, in case of dengue, neutralization has to ...
... dogma is that antibody-bound virions are taken up by Fc-receptor expressing cells and are delivered to the endocytic pathway for degradation. Importantly, Fc-receptors are expressed on myeloid cells, which are the main natural target cells of DENV. Therefore, in case of dengue, neutralization has to ...
Publication Order Form - Division of Tuberculosis Elimination
... Questions and Answers About TB – 2005 ____ (00-6469) Booklet on TB transmission, skin test, and treatment, including DOT and medication side effects PATIENT EDUCATION MATERIALS SERIES: Get the Facts About TB Disease Booklet about TB transmission, treatment for TB disease, and how to communicate with ...
... Questions and Answers About TB – 2005 ____ (00-6469) Booklet on TB transmission, skin test, and treatment, including DOT and medication side effects PATIENT EDUCATION MATERIALS SERIES: Get the Facts About TB Disease Booklet about TB transmission, treatment for TB disease, and how to communicate with ...
Lecture 1 Bacterial meningitis
... • Antigenic structure – Four major serogroups (1-4) based on O antigen – Serotypes based on H antigen – Type 1b accounts for most infections; – May also find 1a and 4b in significant amounts ...
... • Antigenic structure – Four major serogroups (1-4) based on O antigen – Serotypes based on H antigen – Type 1b accounts for most infections; – May also find 1a and 4b in significant amounts ...
Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus
... which provides the template from which further HBV virions can be produced. The natural history of hepatitis B is fascinating in its unpredictability. Infection may go through phases of immune tolerance, where liver damage is minimal; then switch unexpectedly to an active infection resulting in fibr ...
... which provides the template from which further HBV virions can be produced. The natural history of hepatitis B is fascinating in its unpredictability. Infection may go through phases of immune tolerance, where liver damage is minimal; then switch unexpectedly to an active infection resulting in fibr ...
How to Treat cMRSA - Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance
... and the NT. These infections were caused by strains of MRSA that were not multi-resistant (see definitions in table 1) and were genetically different to hospital MRSA strains. In the late 1990s and the early 21st century, cMRSA also rapidly emerged in many other parts of the world (eg, the US, Europ ...
... and the NT. These infections were caused by strains of MRSA that were not multi-resistant (see definitions in table 1) and were genetically different to hospital MRSA strains. In the late 1990s and the early 21st century, cMRSA also rapidly emerged in many other parts of the world (eg, the US, Europ ...
biographical sketch Provide the following information for the key
... interleukin 2 enhances peripheral blood T-cell responses to mitogen and antigens in patients with lepromatous leprosy. Scand. J. Immunol. 32: 83-91, 1990. Kaleab, B., Kiessling, R., Converse, P., Halapi, E., Tadesse, G., Rottenberg, M., and Ottenhoff, T. Mycobacterial-induced cytotoxic T cells as we ...
... interleukin 2 enhances peripheral blood T-cell responses to mitogen and antigens in patients with lepromatous leprosy. Scand. J. Immunol. 32: 83-91, 1990. Kaleab, B., Kiessling, R., Converse, P., Halapi, E., Tadesse, G., Rottenberg, M., and Ottenhoff, T. Mycobacterial-induced cytotoxic T cells as we ...
Specific Bacteriology Learning Objectives
... caused by opportunistic pathogens. C. Describe which anatomic locations in the human body contain normal flora versus those locations which are normally sterile and the major types of bacteria that comprise the normal flora in each of these sites. (p. 84-86) Normal flora occurs in the mouth, oroharn ...
... caused by opportunistic pathogens. C. Describe which anatomic locations in the human body contain normal flora versus those locations which are normally sterile and the major types of bacteria that comprise the normal flora in each of these sites. (p. 84-86) Normal flora occurs in the mouth, oroharn ...
File - Mayo Clinic Center for Tuberculosis
... • The best way to stop transmission is to: • Isolate infectious persons • Provide effective treatment to infectious persons as soon ...
... • The best way to stop transmission is to: • Isolate infectious persons • Provide effective treatment to infectious persons as soon ...
Infectious Transmission of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I1
... seropositive over the 12- to 24-week period of study. All control-inoculated rabbits remained seronegative (Table 2). The earliest and strongest HTLV-I1 seroreactivity occurred against p24 antigen in rabbits inoculated with each HTLV-I1 isolate. WIB-detectable seroreactivity to other HTLV-I1 gag (p2 ...
... seropositive over the 12- to 24-week period of study. All control-inoculated rabbits remained seronegative (Table 2). The earliest and strongest HTLV-I1 seroreactivity occurred against p24 antigen in rabbits inoculated with each HTLV-I1 isolate. WIB-detectable seroreactivity to other HTLV-I1 gag (p2 ...
Pneumonia
... Pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophilia. Discovered in members of American Legion during 1976 convention in ...
... Pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophilia. Discovered in members of American Legion during 1976 convention in ...
COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF AZITHROMYCIN AND CEFAZOLIN IN POST CAESAREAN
... Azithromycin group when compared with the Cefazolin group. Conclusion: This study concluded that Cefazolin was found to be more effective in preventing post caesarean section infection than Azithromycin. Keywords: Prophylaxis, Antibiotics, Caesarean, Infection. ...
... Azithromycin group when compared with the Cefazolin group. Conclusion: This study concluded that Cefazolin was found to be more effective in preventing post caesarean section infection than Azithromycin. Keywords: Prophylaxis, Antibiotics, Caesarean, Infection. ...
Antiretroviral resistance
... How does resistance happen? Selective pressure from the drug allows the mutant (resistant) virus to grow ...
... How does resistance happen? Selective pressure from the drug allows the mutant (resistant) virus to grow ...
What Factors Exacerbate Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus
... Enteric coronaviruses alone can cause fatal infections in seronegative young animals; respiratory coronavirus infections are more often fatal in adults when combined with other factors (shipping fever in cattle) Factors that exacerbate respiratory coronavirus infections in animals include high e ...
... Enteric coronaviruses alone can cause fatal infections in seronegative young animals; respiratory coronavirus infections are more often fatal in adults when combined with other factors (shipping fever in cattle) Factors that exacerbate respiratory coronavirus infections in animals include high e ...
Infectious Disease Models 4
... Recall: Another Useful View of this Flow • Recall: Total # of susceptibles infected per unit time = # of Susceptibles * “Likelihood” a given susceptible will be infected per unit time = S*(“Force of Infection”) = S(c(I/N)) • The above can also be phrased as the following:S(c(I/N))=I(c(S/N))=# of ...
... Recall: Another Useful View of this Flow • Recall: Total # of susceptibles infected per unit time = # of Susceptibles * “Likelihood” a given susceptible will be infected per unit time = S*(“Force of Infection”) = S(c(I/N)) • The above can also be phrased as the following:S(c(I/N))=I(c(S/N))=# of ...
Chapter 5 Study Notes
... 3. Prevented by vaccination However, vaccinations are not available for all viruses. 4. Common example Often seen in salons is the human papilloma virus (HPV), also known as plantar warts. J. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS Bloodborne pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms that are carried through the bo ...
... 3. Prevented by vaccination However, vaccinations are not available for all viruses. 4. Common example Often seen in salons is the human papilloma virus (HPV), also known as plantar warts. J. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS Bloodborne pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms that are carried through the bo ...
Human cytomegalovirus
Human cytomegalovirus is a species of the Cytomegalovirus genus of viruses, which in turn is a member of the viral family known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. It is typically abbreviated as HCMV or, commonly but more ambiguously, as CMV. It is also known as human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). Within Herpesviridae, HCMV belongs to the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily, which also includes cytomegaloviruses from other mammals.Although they may be found throughout the body, HCMV infections are frequently associated with the salivary glands. HCMV infection is typically unnoticed in healthy people, but can be life-threatening for the immunocompromised, such as HIV-infected persons, organ transplant recipients, or newborn infants. After infection, HCMV remains latent within the body throughout life and can be reactivated at any time. Eventually, it may cause mucoepidermoid carcinoma and possibly other malignancies such as prostate cancer.HCMV is found throughout all geographic locations and socioeconomic groups, and infects between 60% and 70% of adults in industrialized countries and almost 100% in emerging countries.Of all herpes viruses, HCMV harbors the most genes dedicated to altering (evading) innate and adaptive immunity in the host and represents a life-long burden of antigenic T cell surveillance and immune dysfunction.Commonly it is indicated by the presence of antibodies in the general population. Seroprevalence is age-dependent: 58.9% of individuals aged 6 and older are infected with CMV while 90.8% of individuals aged 80 and older are positive for HCMV. HCMV is also the virus most frequently transmitted to a developing fetus.HCMV infection is more widespread in developing countries and in communities with lower socioeconomic status and represents the most significant viral cause of birth defects in industrialized countries. Congenital HCMV is the leading infectious cause of deafness, learning disabilities, and intellectual disability in childrenCMV also ""seems to have a large impact on immune parameters in later life and may contribute to increased morbidity and eventual mortality.""