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... Due to many noted reasons discussed in the introduction of this paper, the results obtained from downscaling models may have a considerable amount of uncertainty and a single deterministic point estimate will be wrong. In this case, a probabilistic approach for proper uncertainty assessment of the d ...
... Due to many noted reasons discussed in the introduction of this paper, the results obtained from downscaling models may have a considerable amount of uncertainty and a single deterministic point estimate will be wrong. In this case, a probabilistic approach for proper uncertainty assessment of the d ...
WCRP Grand Challenge: Regional Sea Level Change and Coastal
... Over the coming decades, regional sea level changes and variability will significantly deviate from global mean values. The detailed sea level change along coastlines can therefore potentially be far ...
... Over the coming decades, regional sea level changes and variability will significantly deviate from global mean values. The detailed sea level change along coastlines can therefore potentially be far ...
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... Climate Week NYC: Today marks the beginning of the seventh Climate Week NYC, which brings together global leaders in business, government, and society who are leading the climate movement. Climate week is September 21-28. Find the full schedule of events and learn more details hl!re. ...
... Climate Week NYC: Today marks the beginning of the seventh Climate Week NYC, which brings together global leaders in business, government, and society who are leading the climate movement. Climate week is September 21-28. Find the full schedule of events and learn more details hl!re. ...
As Goes The Arctic, So Goes The Planet
... areas of the much darker ocean that absorb solar radiation rather than reflecting it. This increased warming alters weather patterns and climate in the northern hemisphere, will likely release additional greenhouse gases from carbon stores frozen in the Arctic permafrost, and may accelerate melting ...
... areas of the much darker ocean that absorb solar radiation rather than reflecting it. This increased warming alters weather patterns and climate in the northern hemisphere, will likely release additional greenhouse gases from carbon stores frozen in the Arctic permafrost, and may accelerate melting ...
Floating Houses and Mosquito Nets: Emerging Climate
... not be manageable. In order to prevent dangerous climate change, the global average temperature must not increase by more than 2 degrees Celsius as compared to pre-industrial levels. This goal can only be achieved if all stakeholders implement far-reaching measures. This means that all opportunities ...
... not be manageable. In order to prevent dangerous climate change, the global average temperature must not increase by more than 2 degrees Celsius as compared to pre-industrial levels. This goal can only be achieved if all stakeholders implement far-reaching measures. This means that all opportunities ...
prospects and pitfalls of the kyoto protocol to the united nations
... By way of political background to the international climate change arena, it is helpful to consider briefly the key alliances that have arisen in relation to the Kyoto Protocol. Significantly, the US has brought enormous conservatism to the climate change mitigation table, largely due to domestic po ...
... By way of political background to the international climate change arena, it is helpful to consider briefly the key alliances that have arisen in relation to the Kyoto Protocol. Significantly, the US has brought enormous conservatism to the climate change mitigation table, largely due to domestic po ...
Vulnerability Does Not Fall From the Sky
... The overwhelming evidence now suggests that climate change exacerbates existing development challenges, further exposing the vulnerability of the poor, and pushing those living on the margins closer to the edge. For those people most at risk, climate change is a crisis today. The rights, interests, ...
... The overwhelming evidence now suggests that climate change exacerbates existing development challenges, further exposing the vulnerability of the poor, and pushing those living on the margins closer to the edge. For those people most at risk, climate change is a crisis today. The rights, interests, ...
Climate Change and Restoration of Degraded Land
... the major factors contributing to land degradation. In order to accurately assess sustainable land management practices, the climate resources and the risk of climate-related or induced natural disasters in a region must be known. Land surface is an important part of the climate system and changes o ...
... the major factors contributing to land degradation. In order to accurately assess sustainable land management practices, the climate resources and the risk of climate-related or induced natural disasters in a region must be known. Land surface is an important part of the climate system and changes o ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... This document has been reproduced without formal editing. ...
... This document has been reproduced without formal editing. ...
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... irrigation system. In areas where irrigation becomes cost-effective in the future, this is an extensification effect. To evaluate the robustness of irrigation profitability, various crop prices are analyzed, along with various rotations of corn and soybeans, and yield responses to CO2 fertilization. ...
... irrigation system. In areas where irrigation becomes cost-effective in the future, this is an extensification effect. To evaluate the robustness of irrigation profitability, various crop prices are analyzed, along with various rotations of corn and soybeans, and yield responses to CO2 fertilization. ...
engineering challenges for coastal infrastructure/docks with regard
... “major changes in temperature, rainfall, snow, or wind patterns lasting for decades or longer” that may result from “natural factors, such as changes in the Sun’s energy or slow changes in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun; natural processes within the climate system (e.g., changes in ocean circulati ...
... “major changes in temperature, rainfall, snow, or wind patterns lasting for decades or longer” that may result from “natural factors, such as changes in the Sun’s energy or slow changes in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun; natural processes within the climate system (e.g., changes in ocean circulati ...
Exxon/ ExxonMobil
... Shareholders request our company to-‐-‐ 1. Sign and actively implement the Valdez [CERES] principles, 2. Engage with shareholders, CERES, and affected communities in a continuing process to achieve a Vote a ...
... Shareholders request our company to-‐-‐ 1. Sign and actively implement the Valdez [CERES] principles, 2. Engage with shareholders, CERES, and affected communities in a continuing process to achieve a Vote a ...
The carbon jigsaw AccountAncy futures
... 2008 through 2012. The first commitment period (Phase I) ran from 2005 through 2007. The commitment period is further divided into annual ‘compliance years’. The overall cap is implemented by issuing recognised ‘installations’ of an entity with allowances to emit – ‘installation’ being the word give ...
... 2008 through 2012. The first commitment period (Phase I) ran from 2005 through 2007. The commitment period is further divided into annual ‘compliance years’. The overall cap is implemented by issuing recognised ‘installations’ of an entity with allowances to emit – ‘installation’ being the word give ...
Watershed Modeling to Assess the Sensitivity of Streamflow
... mid-21st century climate change and urban development scenarios. The study also provides an improved understanding of methodological challenges associated with integrating existing tools (e.g., climate models, downscaling approaches, and watershed models) and data sets to address these scientific qu ...
... mid-21st century climate change and urban development scenarios. The study also provides an improved understanding of methodological challenges associated with integrating existing tools (e.g., climate models, downscaling approaches, and watershed models) and data sets to address these scientific qu ...
Technology Needs Assessments – Mitigation Report
... Climate change and its multi-dimensional impacts to the potential development sectors have become a reality for Bangladesh. Impacts of climate change are exacerbating many of the current problems the country faces and will relentlessly challenge country's ability to achieve continuous higher economi ...
... Climate change and its multi-dimensional impacts to the potential development sectors have become a reality for Bangladesh. Impacts of climate change are exacerbating many of the current problems the country faces and will relentlessly challenge country's ability to achieve continuous higher economi ...
Institutions for Climate Adaptation: An are Relevant for Climate Change
... 2.2.1 UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol What kind of document is it: subject, author, audience? The 1997 Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement which was adopted as a followup to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Kyoto Protocol sets binding targets for 37 industri ...
... 2.2.1 UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol What kind of document is it: subject, author, audience? The 1997 Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement which was adopted as a followup to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Kyoto Protocol sets binding targets for 37 industri ...
What to include in INDCs - Low Emission Capacity Building
... Overview of existing submissions Coverage: Countries cover a range of regions and income levels. INDC types: Most are based on economy-wide GHG targets; less than half of all Parties are eventually expected to include these. Mitigation and adaptation: All focus primarily on mitigation; of 22 INDC su ...
... Overview of existing submissions Coverage: Countries cover a range of regions and income levels. INDC types: Most are based on economy-wide GHG targets; less than half of all Parties are eventually expected to include these. Mitigation and adaptation: All focus primarily on mitigation; of 22 INDC su ...
The Implications of Global Climate Change for Mountain Gorilla
... Species distribution models, which use climate projections to model changes in species’ ranges, are also uncertain since they not only build on uncertain climate models, but make assumptions about species responses to changing climatic conditions that may not always be true. Further, we cannot predi ...
... Species distribution models, which use climate projections to model changes in species’ ranges, are also uncertain since they not only build on uncertain climate models, but make assumptions about species responses to changing climatic conditions that may not always be true. Further, we cannot predi ...
Measuring Vulnerability - global change SysTem for Analysis
... involves assessment of goodness of fit between theoretical predictions and empirical evidence. In the case of inductive approaches, the statistical analysis must incorporate verification of any results through testing on independent data. Unfortunately, such verification has been limited in existing ...
... involves assessment of goodness of fit between theoretical predictions and empirical evidence. In the case of inductive approaches, the statistical analysis must incorporate verification of any results through testing on independent data. Unfortunately, such verification has been limited in existing ...
Ocean Acidification: Scientific Surges, Lagging Law and Policy
... by the ocean’s uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, although the ocean’s acidity can increase due to other processes as well, e.g. acid rain and decomposition of organic material. Since the industrial revolution human activities have led to the emission of roughly 590 Gt ...
... by the ocean’s uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, although the ocean’s acidity can increase due to other processes as well, e.g. acid rain and decomposition of organic material. Since the industrial revolution human activities have led to the emission of roughly 590 Gt ...
Planning instruments
... Subsequently, the Australian Government has worked with local and regional bodies to develop adaptation pathways. An example is the Local Adaptation Pathways Program that funded local government projects across Australia (Round 1 and 2) (Department of the Environment 2015). The outcomes of these pro ...
... Subsequently, the Australian Government has worked with local and regional bodies to develop adaptation pathways. An example is the Local Adaptation Pathways Program that funded local government projects across Australia (Round 1 and 2) (Department of the Environment 2015). The outcomes of these pro ...
Scientific opinion on climate change
The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.