The Emergence of Alternatives to Development in
... audiences and policy frameworks than proposals constructed in the Global North. The development lens allows for an analysis of the expansion of the growth-based economy (including current extractive models) from the standpoint of the Global South, whose encounter with modern economic globalization h ...
... audiences and policy frameworks than proposals constructed in the Global North. The development lens allows for an analysis of the expansion of the growth-based economy (including current extractive models) from the standpoint of the Global South, whose encounter with modern economic globalization h ...
notas21ing_en.pdf
... Given different governmental accounting criteria used in each country and the lack of research about public spending on defence, ECLAC proposed setting up a bi-national technical group, called the Advisory Group, to support the study, facilitate access to the required information, and make technical ...
... Given different governmental accounting criteria used in each country and the lack of research about public spending on defence, ECLAC proposed setting up a bi-national technical group, called the Advisory Group, to support the study, facilitate access to the required information, and make technical ...
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... money had been spent, were still very large. In the G7 countries they were still over 6 percent of GDP in 2012, but these deficits reflected »austerity« in the view of some economists. See Tanzi, 2015a. The papers that have been part of the pro-spending literature cannot be discussed here in any det ...
... money had been spent, were still very large. In the G7 countries they were still over 6 percent of GDP in 2012, but these deficits reflected »austerity« in the view of some economists. See Tanzi, 2015a. The papers that have been part of the pro-spending literature cannot be discussed here in any det ...
Lagging areas
... • All sub-national areas in East Asian and E. European & Central Asian countries grew in average wage and household income – even though by far the biggest gains have gone to the already leading areas. ...
... • All sub-national areas in East Asian and E. European & Central Asian countries grew in average wage and household income – even though by far the biggest gains have gone to the already leading areas. ...
living on borrowed time - The Centre for Independent Studies
... IMF studies have found. In recent decades some countries, such as Norway, cut public spending (sometimes by very large shares of GDP) to deal with high and growing public debts. They did very well in the years that followed.24 High public debt may reduce growth through channels other than the impact ...
... IMF studies have found. In recent decades some countries, such as Norway, cut public spending (sometimes by very large shares of GDP) to deal with high and growing public debts. They did very well in the years that followed.24 High public debt may reduce growth through channels other than the impact ...
World Bank Document
... divergence in living standards. In part, this may have been due to an interruption in trade and capital flows during the World Wars and the inter-war Great Depression that marked the first half of the twentieth century. Protectionism also persisted in many countries following the Second World War. I ...
... divergence in living standards. In part, this may have been due to an interruption in trade and capital flows during the World Wars and the inter-war Great Depression that marked the first half of the twentieth century. Protectionism also persisted in many countries following the Second World War. I ...
Nature, Development and Distribution in Latin America Evidence on
... from a scarcity of capital and enjoys an abundance of unskilled workers, but in the global economy of the 1990s Latin America is far from the most labor abundant and capital poor region - that honor belongs to the economies of emerging East Asia. Latin America is special because of its enormous endo ...
... from a scarcity of capital and enjoys an abundance of unskilled workers, but in the global economy of the 1990s Latin America is far from the most labor abundant and capital poor region - that honor belongs to the economies of emerging East Asia. Latin America is special because of its enormous endo ...
The interaction of aggregate-demand policies and
... because there is a fixed exchange rate and a high degree of international capital mobility, the first two channels will still operate, whilst investment will still rise because of the increase in profitability. In addition the increase in incomes will in due course boost consumptlon. But in reality ...
... because there is a fixed exchange rate and a high degree of international capital mobility, the first two channels will still operate, whilst investment will still rise because of the increase in profitability. In addition the increase in incomes will in due course boost consumptlon. But in reality ...
2015-07-U-EUIMF - Public Services International Research Unit
... good, in the context of limited economic resources which require planned prioritisation. In post-war Europe, it was applied to programmes where household consumption and income was restricted, often with some form of rationing to equalise the impact, to enable national economic reconstruction to tak ...
... good, in the context of limited economic resources which require planned prioritisation. In post-war Europe, it was applied to programmes where household consumption and income was restricted, often with some form of rationing to equalise the impact, to enable national economic reconstruction to tak ...
Statistical Appendix
... Most countries’ macroeconomic data presented in the WEO conform broadly to the 1993 version of the System of National Accounts (SNA). The IMF’s sector statistical standards—the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition (BPM6), the Monetary and Financial Statisti ...
... Most countries’ macroeconomic data presented in the WEO conform broadly to the 1993 version of the System of National Accounts (SNA). The IMF’s sector statistical standards—the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition (BPM6), the Monetary and Financial Statisti ...
Trade openness, financial liberalization and volatility The Latin American experience Esteban Pérez Caldentey
... In the 1990’s, most Latin American governments implemented Washington Consensus type policies. Government sought to stabilize, liberalize and privatize. Central to this approach was trade openness and financial liberalization. Both types of policies which are complementary were undertaken with the p ...
... In the 1990’s, most Latin American governments implemented Washington Consensus type policies. Government sought to stabilize, liberalize and privatize. Central to this approach was trade openness and financial liberalization. Both types of policies which are complementary were undertaken with the p ...
Session 8 - WordPress.com
... Successes and Costs of the Structural Adjustment Programme in Ghana • This topic introduces to you the SAPs as they were implemented in Ghana specifically, and the modest successes chalked in the 1980s. It also details the major costs associated with implementing the SAPs in Ghana. • By 1993, SAPs ...
... Successes and Costs of the Structural Adjustment Programme in Ghana • This topic introduces to you the SAPs as they were implemented in Ghana specifically, and the modest successes chalked in the 1980s. It also details the major costs associated with implementing the SAPs in Ghana. • By 1993, SAPs ...
Trade Strategy and the Dependency Hypothesis: A Comparison of
... import substitution.13 In South Korea, protection of domestic manufacturing is balanced by export incentives. Inward-oriented countries, such as Chile from 1963 to 1973, have direct controls, quotas, and licensing schemes on the export sector in addition to incentives for domestic protection. In som ...
... import substitution.13 In South Korea, protection of domestic manufacturing is balanced by export incentives. Inward-oriented countries, such as Chile from 1963 to 1973, have direct controls, quotas, and licensing schemes on the export sector in addition to incentives for domestic protection. In som ...
The legacy and challenge of fiscal policy in sub
... Africa began to improve from the second half of the 1990s onwards (African Development Bank, 2004: 1-8; Funke & Nsouli, 2003: 5-10). Data in the statistical appendix to the latest issue of the World Economic Outlook (International Monetary Fund, 2006) confirm this conclusion. Whereas average real ou ...
... Africa began to improve from the second half of the 1990s onwards (African Development Bank, 2004: 1-8; Funke & Nsouli, 2003: 5-10). Data in the statistical appendix to the latest issue of the World Economic Outlook (International Monetary Fund, 2006) confirm this conclusion. Whereas average real ou ...
Statistical Appendix
... framework discussed during the Sixth Review of the Stand-By Arrangement. The IMF staff assumes measures will be undertaken in addition to those outlined by the authorities for 2011–15: in 2011, 1¾ percent of GDP, to achieve a fiscal target of 2.8 percent of GDP and in the medium term to ensure fisca ...
... framework discussed during the Sixth Review of the Stand-By Arrangement. The IMF staff assumes measures will be undertaken in addition to those outlined by the authorities for 2011–15: in 2011, 1¾ percent of GDP, to achieve a fiscal target of 2.8 percent of GDP and in the medium term to ensure fisca ...
Challenges of Latin America and the Caribbean in front of the
... After a period of prosperity, the region is facing a more difficult external context and slower economic growth • The world economy has not expanded as expected. Growth projections for 2016 (2.9%) are slightly better than those for 2015 (2.4%). • Upturn in growth in the United States (about 2.6% in ...
... After a period of prosperity, the region is facing a more difficult external context and slower economic growth • The world economy has not expanded as expected. Growth projections for 2016 (2.9%) are slightly better than those for 2015 (2.4%). • Upturn in growth in the United States (about 2.6% in ...
Economic integration in Latin America
... The presence of strong macroeconomic synchronization is regarded as a rationale for creation of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). The concept of RTAs in Latin American context dates back to 1960 when the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA)3 was created. The goal of LAFTA was to create a c ...
... The presence of strong macroeconomic synchronization is regarded as a rationale for creation of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). The concept of RTAs in Latin American context dates back to 1960 when the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA)3 was created. The goal of LAFTA was to create a c ...
What is the IMF? - UCLA Division of Social Sciences
... – Nyerere negotiates for soft conditions Nyerere uses prominence as a world figure takes advantage new Managing Director’s (de La Rosière) reach out to Africa – Only 2 conditions a joint Tanzanian-IMF study of the exchange rate ceiling on government borrowing ...
... – Nyerere negotiates for soft conditions Nyerere uses prominence as a world figure takes advantage new Managing Director’s (de La Rosière) reach out to Africa – Only 2 conditions a joint Tanzanian-IMF study of the exchange rate ceiling on government borrowing ...
Official PDF , 63 pages - World bank documents
... The dynamic growth of these emerging economies will engender tectonic shifts in the global economy that will provide new opportunities for both high-income countries and developing countries. For high-income countries, the growth of emerging economies will expand markets for their technology- and ca ...
... The dynamic growth of these emerging economies will engender tectonic shifts in the global economy that will provide new opportunities for both high-income countries and developing countries. For high-income countries, the growth of emerging economies will expand markets for their technology- and ca ...
Macroeconomic Policy Reform and Sustainability
... the European colonial empires were being dismantled, particularly in Africa and Asia. In Latin America, development economics was concerned with the way in which these economies redefined their new roles in the world economy. Balanced growth, public finance, duality in economic systems, the role of ...
... the European colonial empires were being dismantled, particularly in Africa and Asia. In Latin America, development economics was concerned with the way in which these economies redefined their new roles in the world economy. Balanced growth, public finance, duality in economic systems, the role of ...
Import Substitution and Industrialization in Latin
... There are varioushistoricalreasonswhy the countriesof Africa, Asia and Latin Americadid not undergoISI at the time of, or right after, the EuropeanISI's. Colonial policies of Europeancountriesprovide much of the explanationfor the former two cases,while socio-economicstructurehelps explain the Latin ...
... There are varioushistoricalreasonswhy the countriesof Africa, Asia and Latin Americadid not undergoISI at the time of, or right after, the EuropeanISI's. Colonial policies of Europeancountriesprovide much of the explanationfor the former two cases,while socio-economicstructurehelps explain the Latin ...
The Unemployment Bias of the New Consensus View of
... imperfect competition, incomplete markets, and asymmetric information. These market failures generate price and wage stickiness in the short run, which in turn gives support to the view that the central bank is able, via changes in the short-run nominal interest rate ...
... imperfect competition, incomplete markets, and asymmetric information. These market failures generate price and wage stickiness in the short run, which in turn gives support to the view that the central bank is able, via changes in the short-run nominal interest rate ...
G Behind the numbers The Global Divide Canadian Centre for
... lobal inequality, the gap between the world’s rich and poor, is one of the most pressing issues of our time. Inequality differences between people around the world could be discounted when most people’s economic context was limited to what happened within their national borders. But the immense grow ...
... lobal inequality, the gap between the world’s rich and poor, is one of the most pressing issues of our time. Inequality differences between people around the world could be discounted when most people’s economic context was limited to what happened within their national borders. But the immense grow ...
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... Some Reflections on Working of the Fiscal Policy in an Islamic Economy •••••n • The government to focus on the fulfillment of the absolutely critical minimum needs of the citizens and on the provision of a credible deterrence • Both initiative and necessary action for antipoverty purposes to come fr ...
... Some Reflections on Working of the Fiscal Policy in an Islamic Economy •••••n • The government to focus on the fulfillment of the absolutely critical minimum needs of the citizens and on the provision of a credible deterrence • Both initiative and necessary action for antipoverty purposes to come fr ...
Justin Yifu Lin
... Those countries that implemented shock therapy experienced serious inflation and economic decline Russia’s inflation reached 8414% in 1993, and Ukraine’s reached 10,155% in the same year.3 The cumulative output decline in countries in Central and Southeastern Europe and the Baltics reached 22.6% an ...
... Those countries that implemented shock therapy experienced serious inflation and economic decline Russia’s inflation reached 8414% in 1993, and Ukraine’s reached 10,155% in the same year.3 The cumulative output decline in countries in Central and Southeastern Europe and the Baltics reached 22.6% an ...