Second-best economic policy for a divided government
... between the reformers and the traditional ministries manifests itself primarily in the battle over state control over various sectors. Such control keeps the traditionalists alive, and prevents the reformers from political ascendancy. In some situations, such as Britain under Thatcher, Mexico under ...
... between the reformers and the traditional ministries manifests itself primarily in the battle over state control over various sectors. Such control keeps the traditionalists alive, and prevents the reformers from political ascendancy. In some situations, such as Britain under Thatcher, Mexico under ...
Developing Countries` Experience with Neoliberalism and
... supports nation-state economic policies. The rate of interests on borrowing increased during the 1980s and combined with the economic recession and low export demands in the developed countries, which exacerbated the developing countries debt crisis. These polices were supposed to free market forces ...
... supports nation-state economic policies. The rate of interests on borrowing increased during the 1980s and combined with the economic recession and low export demands in the developed countries, which exacerbated the developing countries debt crisis. These polices were supposed to free market forces ...
53rd Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference, India, 2007
... As globalization has progressed, living conditions (particularly when measured by broader indicators of well being) have improved significantly in virtually all countries. However, the strongest gains have been made by the advanced countries and only some of the developing countries. That the income ...
... As globalization has progressed, living conditions (particularly when measured by broader indicators of well being) have improved significantly in virtually all countries. However, the strongest gains have been made by the advanced countries and only some of the developing countries. That the income ...
Post-NPM and Governance Redefi ned Instituting a whole-of-government
... space (with output gaps and sustainable debt and financing options) have the scope to implement expansionary fiscal policies where the main focus should be on the expenditure side, particularly infrastructure and social spending (IMF 2009:3, 6). The economic shock faced in Africa is to some degree d ...
... space (with output gaps and sustainable debt and financing options) have the scope to implement expansionary fiscal policies where the main focus should be on the expenditure side, particularly infrastructure and social spending (IMF 2009:3, 6). The economic shock faced in Africa is to some degree d ...
NOTAS23ING_en.pdf
... different. Support to PYMEs is more nominal than real and the official discussion is not supported by actions or backed up by sufficient funds and human resources to produce an impact on company performance. PYME development to date has depended primarily on domestic macroeconomic conditions. Trade ...
... different. Support to PYMEs is more nominal than real and the official discussion is not supported by actions or backed up by sufficient funds and human resources to produce an impact on company performance. PYME development to date has depended primarily on domestic macroeconomic conditions. Trade ...
The MTEF in Practice - Reconciling Conflicting Claims
... – budget voted on time by parliament Predictability of policies - Cabinet Engaged Controlling expenditure Focus on outcomes ...
... – budget voted on time by parliament Predictability of policies - Cabinet Engaged Controlling expenditure Focus on outcomes ...
Strange Defeat: How Austerity Economics Lost All the
... policy changes. In terms of both effects and causes, the empirical work turned out to be valueless for policy. Faced with mounting challenges to his work, Alesina appeared undeterred and defended his ideas while prognosticating on the future of Europe: “In addition, what is unfolding currently in Eu ...
... policy changes. In terms of both effects and causes, the empirical work turned out to be valueless for policy. Faced with mounting challenges to his work, Alesina appeared undeterred and defended his ideas while prognosticating on the future of Europe: “In addition, what is unfolding currently in Eu ...
Latin America`s debt crisis and “lost decade”
... way that would allow them to expand or at least maintain their market share, external lending activity began to increase steeply and was leveraged by the additional resources provided by smaller banks with usually small spreads over LIBOR (between one and two percentage points, with the spread usual ...
... way that would allow them to expand or at least maintain their market share, external lending activity began to increase steeply and was leveraged by the additional resources provided by smaller banks with usually small spreads over LIBOR (between one and two percentage points, with the spread usual ...
Mexico Consensus Economic Forecast, Volume 19, Number 1
... Mexico’s real GDP grew by 2.55 percent in 2015. With economic slowdowns underway in key developing countries, none of the consensus forecast panelists expect a dramatic acceleration in Mexican economic activity in 2016. The average forecast calls for GDP growth of 2.3 percent. While formal-sector em ...
... Mexico’s real GDP grew by 2.55 percent in 2015. With economic slowdowns underway in key developing countries, none of the consensus forecast panelists expect a dramatic acceleration in Mexican economic activity in 2016. The average forecast calls for GDP growth of 2.3 percent. While formal-sector em ...
Emerging Market Economies, Macroeconomic Policy Coordination
... Mervin King voiced his concerns and warned us about the potential reemergence of financial crisis. “The problem is still there. The search for yield goes on. Imbalances are beginning to grow”. This is relevant since potential problems from systematically important financial institutions have not bee ...
... Mervin King voiced his concerns and warned us about the potential reemergence of financial crisis. “The problem is still there. The search for yield goes on. Imbalances are beginning to grow”. This is relevant since potential problems from systematically important financial institutions have not bee ...
Macro Ideas and Theories - Great Valley School District
... There are constraints to how far back in time the business cycle can be analyzed, primarily due to limited data, inaccuracy of data, and the infrequency of business cycles occurring prior to the mid-1850s.) The End of the Great Depression—This EIA explains how expansionary fiscal policy bought about ...
... There are constraints to how far back in time the business cycle can be analyzed, primarily due to limited data, inaccuracy of data, and the infrequency of business cycles occurring prior to the mid-1850s.) The End of the Great Depression—This EIA explains how expansionary fiscal policy bought about ...
3. Central Asian states “puzzles.”
... poorly implemented. • It occurred because of a misunderstanding of both the foundations of a market economy and the basics of an institutional reform process. •The limited success in so many of the countries in transition also meant that they remain many opportunities for applying better policies”. ...
... poorly implemented. • It occurred because of a misunderstanding of both the foundations of a market economy and the basics of an institutional reform process. •The limited success in so many of the countries in transition also meant that they remain many opportunities for applying better policies”. ...
Full text
... expansionary U.S. fiscal policy. The growth forecast has been slightly revised down for emerging economies, due to tighter financial conditions in the wake of a stronger U.S. dollar and higher global interest rates. The outlook could easily change depending on the policies that materialize. The base ...
... expansionary U.S. fiscal policy. The growth forecast has been slightly revised down for emerging economies, due to tighter financial conditions in the wake of a stronger U.S. dollar and higher global interest rates. The outlook could easily change depending on the policies that materialize. The base ...
Recommendations
... such as infrastructure to contribute to growth in the long term. However there are obvious risks to proceeding quickly with new infrastructure spending, and expansions in this area could best be used to finance "shovel-ready" projects that have already been appraised and found ...
... such as infrastructure to contribute to growth in the long term. However there are obvious risks to proceeding quickly with new infrastructure spending, and expansions in this area could best be used to finance "shovel-ready" projects that have already been appraised and found ...
States and Economic Development
... and/or anticommunism) to win acceptance in the society. Cohesive-capitalist states in developing countries, such as in South Korea under Park Chung Hee and in Brazil during both Estado Novo and the military dictatorship, have proved to be relatively successful agents of deliberate state-led industri ...
... and/or anticommunism) to win acceptance in the society. Cohesive-capitalist states in developing countries, such as in South Korea under Park Chung Hee and in Brazil during both Estado Novo and the military dictatorship, have proved to be relatively successful agents of deliberate state-led industri ...
Europe, You`re Down: Cyclicality and Sovereign Debt
... • Optimism bias in forecasts is worse among the € countries supposedly subject to the budget rules of the SGP, – presumably because official forecasters feel pressure to announce they are on track to meet budget targets even if they are not. – When euro country deficits strayed above the 3% GDP limi ...
... • Optimism bias in forecasts is worse among the € countries supposedly subject to the budget rules of the SGP, – presumably because official forecasters feel pressure to announce they are on track to meet budget targets even if they are not. – When euro country deficits strayed above the 3% GDP limi ...
ESCAP High-level Policy Dialogue
... Overall public expenditure and investment requirements to implement such a policy package vary across countries Total investment needs of above package of policies 5% to 8% of GDP by 2030 Public investment needed to deliver policies to sustain growth and promote inclusive and sustainable devel ...
... Overall public expenditure and investment requirements to implement such a policy package vary across countries Total investment needs of above package of policies 5% to 8% of GDP by 2030 Public investment needed to deliver policies to sustain growth and promote inclusive and sustainable devel ...
Varieties of Populism in a Changing Global Context
... party who then either abandons or thoroughly transforms it). The final defining aspect of populism is its emphasis on plebiscitary linkages between the political actors and the citizens where the latter do not have a meaningful control over the political processes or party platforms and are frequently ...
... party who then either abandons or thoroughly transforms it). The final defining aspect of populism is its emphasis on plebiscitary linkages between the political actors and the citizens where the latter do not have a meaningful control over the political processes or party platforms and are frequently ...
Macroeconomic Policy Interdependence and the G-20
... China would be very helpful in reducing high savings rates and strengthening domestic demand, thereby reducing pressure to maintain an undervalued exchange rate to generate employment. It should also be understood that persistent high unemployment in the U.S. poses a huge political challenge to fisc ...
... China would be very helpful in reducing high savings rates and strengthening domestic demand, thereby reducing pressure to maintain an undervalued exchange rate to generate employment. It should also be understood that persistent high unemployment in the U.S. poses a huge political challenge to fisc ...
Why Stop at Two
... Washington's first experiences with foreign nation- building - a few decades after Reconstruction in the South - were in Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua and Panama. But the `New Latin America' was as hard to build as the New South. While it was easy to disparage the defeated Confedera ...
... Washington's first experiences with foreign nation- building - a few decades after Reconstruction in the South - were in Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua and Panama. But the `New Latin America' was as hard to build as the New South. While it was easy to disparage the defeated Confedera ...
Lessons from India`s Economic Reforms
... The reforms of the 1990s envisaged a systemic change on all three fronts but at a graduated pace. In 1991 the fixed exchange rate was devalued by 25 percent (in two successive steps) to a more reasonable level. Since import controls were to be liberalized, it was logical to shift to a system that al ...
... The reforms of the 1990s envisaged a systemic change on all three fronts but at a graduated pace. In 1991 the fixed exchange rate was devalued by 25 percent (in two successive steps) to a more reasonable level. Since import controls were to be liberalized, it was logical to shift to a system that al ...
File - Ms. Nancy Ware`s Economics Classes
... Should Fiscal Policy Be Used in a Discretionary Way? Today most macroeconomists believe that tax cuts and spending increases are at least somewhat effective in increasing aggregate demand. Many, but not all, macroeconomists believe that discretionary fiscal policy is usually counterproductive: the l ...
... Should Fiscal Policy Be Used in a Discretionary Way? Today most macroeconomists believe that tax cuts and spending increases are at least somewhat effective in increasing aggregate demand. Many, but not all, macroeconomists believe that discretionary fiscal policy is usually counterproductive: the l ...
Events management system: test document
... effectiveness of government do not come up significant (similar to Calvo et al) Criticism: This in part reflects that when GDP collapses, there may not be much room left for policies. Measure replacing output fall criterion for regional spreads criterion yields similar results Domestic policies don’ ...
... effectiveness of government do not come up significant (similar to Calvo et al) Criticism: This in part reflects that when GDP collapses, there may not be much room left for policies. Measure replacing output fall criterion for regional spreads criterion yields similar results Domestic policies don’ ...
Presentation, Powerpoint 345kb - The Cambridge Trust for New
... inflation, cannot be handled by the NCM; The position taken by IT on supply shocks, is that they should either be accommodated, or that supply shocks come and go – and on average are zero and do not affect the rate of inflation; Nor do they impact on the expected rate of inflation. ...
... inflation, cannot be handled by the NCM; The position taken by IT on supply shocks, is that they should either be accommodated, or that supply shocks come and go – and on average are zero and do not affect the rate of inflation; Nor do they impact on the expected rate of inflation. ...
International Labour Review, Vol
... employment, the formal sector, wages and GDP, but production capacity has only slightly improved. In the mean time, exchange rates have started to appreciate once more and real imports to increase (in volume) significantly faster than real exports (in volume). This can be kept up only if export pric ...
... employment, the formal sector, wages and GDP, but production capacity has only slightly improved. In the mean time, exchange rates have started to appreciate once more and real imports to increase (in volume) significantly faster than real exports (in volume). This can be kept up only if export pric ...