A Tipping-Elements Expedition in the Footsteps of
... Paleoclimatic data suggests that the Earth’s past climate system has many times undergone large-scale regime shifts, i.e. has passed tipping points (Alley et al. 2003). Based on these observations, one can conjecture that the forcing deployed by the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases – if u ...
... Paleoclimatic data suggests that the Earth’s past climate system has many times undergone large-scale regime shifts, i.e. has passed tipping points (Alley et al. 2003). Based on these observations, one can conjecture that the forcing deployed by the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases – if u ...
Climate Change: Evidence and Causes February 2014
... atmospheric CO2 increased by about 40% from 1800 to 2012. Measurements of different forms of carbon (isotopes, see Question 3) reveal that this increase is due to human activities. Other greenhouse gases (notably methane and nitrous oxide) are also increasing as a consequence of human activities. Th ...
... atmospheric CO2 increased by about 40% from 1800 to 2012. Measurements of different forms of carbon (isotopes, see Question 3) reveal that this increase is due to human activities. Other greenhouse gases (notably methane and nitrous oxide) are also increasing as a consequence of human activities. Th ...
GS 106 Final Exam Study Guide Origins of Earth/first week What are
... How do clouds form? Know what these mean: adiabatic cooling, condensation nuclei, orographic uplift, rain shadow effect. What is the relationship between saturation, relative humidity and dew point. Be able to calculate relative humidity and determine dew point (see powerpoint and Quiz 6). How do hu ...
... How do clouds form? Know what these mean: adiabatic cooling, condensation nuclei, orographic uplift, rain shadow effect. What is the relationship between saturation, relative humidity and dew point. Be able to calculate relative humidity and determine dew point (see powerpoint and Quiz 6). How do hu ...
Pronounced subsurface cooling of North Atlantic waters off
... pattern (Fig. 2). The 14C ages were newly converted into calendar years using the CALIB REV6.0.0 program with the marine calibration dataset (MARINE09) (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993; Reimer et al., 2009). Since no information on regional reservoir age is available for this region, we used the mean ocean ...
... pattern (Fig. 2). The 14C ages were newly converted into calendar years using the CALIB REV6.0.0 program with the marine calibration dataset (MARINE09) (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993; Reimer et al., 2009). Since no information on regional reservoir age is available for this region, we used the mean ocean ...
Nippon Foundation-Nereus Report "Predicting Future Oceans"
... surface oxygen concentration emerges much earlier in the Southern Ocean. When examining projections for all four properties together, the patterns of CO2 emission-driven changes emerge in 41% of the global ocean from 2005 to 2014 and 63% from 2075 to 2084. The combined changes in properties emerge m ...
... surface oxygen concentration emerges much earlier in the Southern Ocean. When examining projections for all four properties together, the patterns of CO2 emission-driven changes emerge in 41% of the global ocean from 2005 to 2014 and 63% from 2075 to 2084. The combined changes in properties emerge m ...
Seafloor Spreading
... Mapping the Ocean Floor Until the mid-1900s, many scientists thought that the ocean floors were essentially flat and that oceanic crust was unchanging and was much older than continental crust. Advances in technology during the 1940s and 1950s showed that all of these widely accepted ideas were inco ...
... Mapping the Ocean Floor Until the mid-1900s, many scientists thought that the ocean floors were essentially flat and that oceanic crust was unchanging and was much older than continental crust. Advances in technology during the 1940s and 1950s showed that all of these widely accepted ideas were inco ...
Coherent changes of southeastern equatorial and northern African
... GHGs are primarily responsible for the overall SST increases and their regional patterns (Fig. 4B). Orbital forcing further reduces the meridional SST gradient in the North Atlantic, with warming north of the equator and slight cooling at and south of the equator (Fig. 4C). Although our single forci ...
... GHGs are primarily responsible for the overall SST increases and their regional patterns (Fig. 4B). Orbital forcing further reduces the meridional SST gradient in the North Atlantic, with warming north of the equator and slight cooling at and south of the equator (Fig. 4C). Although our single forci ...
RESOURCES BIOMASS & BIOFUELS OIL & GAS
... hydrates, as well as other clathrate-forming gases such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. Such gases escape from sediments at depth, rise along faults, and form gas hydrates at or just below the seafloor, but on a worldwide basis, these are of minor volumetric importance compared to methane hy ...
... hydrates, as well as other clathrate-forming gases such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. Such gases escape from sediments at depth, rise along faults, and form gas hydrates at or just below the seafloor, but on a worldwide basis, these are of minor volumetric importance compared to methane hy ...
Climate Change - Homepages Web Server
... atmospheric CO2 increased by about 40% from 1800 to 2012. Measurements of different forms of carbon (isotopes, see Question 3) reveal that this increase is due to human activities. Other greenhouse gases (notably methane and nitrous oxide) are also increasing as a consequence of human activities. Th ...
... atmospheric CO2 increased by about 40% from 1800 to 2012. Measurements of different forms of carbon (isotopes, see Question 3) reveal that this increase is due to human activities. Other greenhouse gases (notably methane and nitrous oxide) are also increasing as a consequence of human activities. Th ...
4 Bedford Institute of Oceanogeaphy I`Institut oceanographique de
... cyclodiene insecticides and of PCBs have been studied. The laboratory has also participated in the ICES North Atlantic Intercalibration Project for Organochlorines. The Fisheries Management Sector of the Fisheries and Marine Service operates laboratories in the Atlantic region at St. John's, Halifax ...
... cyclodiene insecticides and of PCBs have been studied. The laboratory has also participated in the ICES North Atlantic Intercalibration Project for Organochlorines. The Fisheries Management Sector of the Fisheries and Marine Service operates laboratories in the Atlantic region at St. John's, Halifax ...
WMO
... 13. Coordinated scientific activities by WCRP include the Coupled Model Intercomparison Experiment Project (CMIP) that serves as the key tool to better understand past, present and future climate changes arising from either natural, unforced variability or in response to changes in radiative forcing ...
... 13. Coordinated scientific activities by WCRP include the Coupled Model Intercomparison Experiment Project (CMIP) that serves as the key tool to better understand past, present and future climate changes arising from either natural, unforced variability or in response to changes in radiative forcing ...
Oceanography - Flushing Community Schools
... valuable materials from the depths because it would be too expensive to recover them. However, in the future, these deposits could become important. Other mineral deposits can precipitate from seawater. In this process, minerals that are dissolved in ocean water come out of solution and form solids ...
... valuable materials from the depths because it would be too expensive to recover them. However, in the future, these deposits could become important. Other mineral deposits can precipitate from seawater. In this process, minerals that are dissolved in ocean water come out of solution and form solids ...
Climate Change Impacts on China Environment
... In recent years, natural disasters have become more unpredictable and devastating in China. According to the China Meteorological Administration, there were more natural disasters than usual in 2006—such as flooding and mudslides caused by typhoons.56 In 2007, Chinese officials and researchers ascr ...
... In recent years, natural disasters have become more unpredictable and devastating in China. According to the China Meteorological Administration, there were more natural disasters than usual in 2006—such as flooding and mudslides caused by typhoons.56 In 2007, Chinese officials and researchers ascr ...
Fall 2006 - Ocean and Resources Engineering
... latest reminder. ORE has a long history of tsunami research with the notable work of Prof. Charles Bretschneider and Prof. Harold Loomis. The latest series of research projects started in 1999 with a contract from Hawaii State Civil Defense. The initial work, which was carried out in collaboration w ...
... latest reminder. ORE has a long history of tsunami research with the notable work of Prof. Charles Bretschneider and Prof. Harold Loomis. The latest series of research projects started in 1999 with a contract from Hawaii State Civil Defense. The initial work, which was carried out in collaboration w ...
Microbes and the Marine Phosphorus Cycle
... However, they were found to compose less than one percent of total DOP in the North Pacific subtropical gyre (Björkman and Karl, 2005). Operational definitions for the molecular composition of DOP, such as hydrophobicity or susceptibility to enzymatic attack (e.g., Suzumura and Ingall, 2004; Suzumur ...
... However, they were found to compose less than one percent of total DOP in the North Pacific subtropical gyre (Björkman and Karl, 2005). Operational definitions for the molecular composition of DOP, such as hydrophobicity or susceptibility to enzymatic attack (e.g., Suzumura and Ingall, 2004; Suzumur ...
group 1 - WordPress.com
... Summary: Researchers have developed a model to simulate the impact of tsunamis generated by earthquakes and applied it to the Eastern Mediterranean. The results show how tsunami waves could hit and inundate coastal areas in southern Italy and Greece. A team of European researchers have developed a m ...
... Summary: Researchers have developed a model to simulate the impact of tsunamis generated by earthquakes and applied it to the Eastern Mediterranean. The results show how tsunami waves could hit and inundate coastal areas in southern Italy and Greece. A team of European researchers have developed a m ...
Exploration Technologies for the Utilization of Ocean Floor Resources
... of cobalt-rich crust very high. In the adjacent waters within 200 nautical miles, manganese crust and hydrothermal ore deposits exist in a large quantity, but these deposits contain less cobalt and platinum. The area where such marine resources exist sprawls beyond limits of Japan’s EEZ as shown in ...
... of cobalt-rich crust very high. In the adjacent waters within 200 nautical miles, manganese crust and hydrothermal ore deposits exist in a large quantity, but these deposits contain less cobalt and platinum. The area where such marine resources exist sprawls beyond limits of Japan’s EEZ as shown in ...
10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.027
... groundtruthing mechanism is an invaluable tool for documenting the social landscape (NOAA Coastal Services Center, 2009). EBM as a guiding framework, and MSP as a tool to enhance its implementation, are promising approaches to marine decisionmaking not only to ensure stewardship of ocean ecosystem s ...
... groundtruthing mechanism is an invaluable tool for documenting the social landscape (NOAA Coastal Services Center, 2009). EBM as a guiding framework, and MSP as a tool to enhance its implementation, are promising approaches to marine decisionmaking not only to ensure stewardship of ocean ecosystem s ...
Impact of Antarctic regional warming: Sea level rise from
... While this might seem obvious, parts of Antarctica are characterized by instabilities that, once triggered, ggered, can lead to persistent ice discharge into the ocean even without a further increase of warming — resulting in unstoppable long-term sea-level rise. In the Filchner-Ronne Ronne region h ...
... While this might seem obvious, parts of Antarctica are characterized by instabilities that, once triggered, ggered, can lead to persistent ice discharge into the ocean even without a further increase of warming — resulting in unstoppable long-term sea-level rise. In the Filchner-Ronne Ronne region h ...
Geology 103
... - Decay of dead organisms: - affects pH - pH often decreases with organic decay - Sulfur-reducing bacteria may have the opposite effect - Generation of pellets - Fecal pellets package carbonate - May help with preservation: pellets sink faster than smaller particles D) Factors that affect carbonate ...
... - Decay of dead organisms: - affects pH - pH often decreases with organic decay - Sulfur-reducing bacteria may have the opposite effect - Generation of pellets - Fecal pellets package carbonate - May help with preservation: pellets sink faster than smaller particles D) Factors that affect carbonate ...
Scientists find heat-tolerant coral reefs that may resist
... Ofu Island in American Samoa. Small pieces of coral from a lagoon were transplanted into one of two water tanks. The control tank was kept at the same temperature as the lagoon, and the experimental tank was warmed by 2 degrees Celsius. Image: Tom Oliver. ...
... Ofu Island in American Samoa. Small pieces of coral from a lagoon were transplanted into one of two water tanks. The control tank was kept at the same temperature as the lagoon, and the experimental tank was warmed by 2 degrees Celsius. Image: Tom Oliver. ...
Effects of global warming on oceans
Global warming can affect sea levels, coastlines, ocean acidification, ocean currents, seawater, sea surface temperatures, tides, the sea floor, weather, and trigger several changes in ocean bio-geochemistry; all of these affect the functioning of a society.