dose-effect relationship
... may fail to produce benefit or may be poisonous because too little or too much is present at the site of action for too short or too long a time. A. dose-effect/response relationship The magnitude of the drug effect is proportional to the concentration or dose of the drug, this is, if the concentrat ...
... may fail to produce benefit or may be poisonous because too little or too much is present at the site of action for too short or too long a time. A. dose-effect/response relationship The magnitude of the drug effect is proportional to the concentration or dose of the drug, this is, if the concentrat ...
HYPNOTIC - SEDATIVE DRUGS Dra. Ma. Shiela C
... active metabolite ( prazepam, flurazepam) - rate of transport in blood depends on blood flow, concentration gradients and permeability - rate of entry into CNS depends on lipid solubility - plasma protein binding 60% to over 95% cross the placental barrier and secreted into breast milk ...
... active metabolite ( prazepam, flurazepam) - rate of transport in blood depends on blood flow, concentration gradients and permeability - rate of entry into CNS depends on lipid solubility - plasma protein binding 60% to over 95% cross the placental barrier and secreted into breast milk ...
Hypnotics and Sedatives
... • More strongly blocks 5-HT2 receptors in cortex which then acts to modulate some dopamine activity • Among non-responders to first generation meds or those who cannot tolerate side effects, about 30% do respond to Clozapine ...
... • More strongly blocks 5-HT2 receptors in cortex which then acts to modulate some dopamine activity • Among non-responders to first generation meds or those who cannot tolerate side effects, about 30% do respond to Clozapine ...
Chapter_005
... physiologic processes. Under physiologic conditions, receptor function is regulated by molecules supplied by the body. Drugs can only mimic or block the body’s own regulatory molecules. Drugs cannot give cells new functions. ...
... physiologic processes. Under physiologic conditions, receptor function is regulated by molecules supplied by the body. Drugs can only mimic or block the body’s own regulatory molecules. Drugs cannot give cells new functions. ...
g-PKC - Midwest Alcoholism Research Center
... Modeling of Phenotypes related to the predisposition to alcoholism and assessing the actions of alcohol Example 1: The role of g-Protein Kinase C Initial sensitivity---Low Responding Anxiety and risk taking ...
... Modeling of Phenotypes related to the predisposition to alcoholism and assessing the actions of alcohol Example 1: The role of g-Protein Kinase C Initial sensitivity---Low Responding Anxiety and risk taking ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
... carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and teratogenesis). Toxic effects of drugs may also be classified as acute and chronic toxic effects. The acute toxicity mainly affects the circulation system, CNS, or blood system. The chronic toxicity mainly induces pathological change of tissue or special toxicity o ...
... carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and teratogenesis). Toxic effects of drugs may also be classified as acute and chronic toxic effects. The acute toxicity mainly affects the circulation system, CNS, or blood system. The chronic toxicity mainly induces pathological change of tissue or special toxicity o ...
Background on the potential impacts of heavy metals in aquatic
... eating fish from the Willamette River’s Columbia Slough (Oregonian 2010) because of heavy metal and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) bioaccumulation. Over 10 other state water bodies also have currently posted health advisories for heavy metals or PCBs. Heavy metal impacts to aquatic systems in Oreg ...
... eating fish from the Willamette River’s Columbia Slough (Oregonian 2010) because of heavy metal and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) bioaccumulation. Over 10 other state water bodies also have currently posted health advisories for heavy metals or PCBs. Heavy metal impacts to aquatic systems in Oreg ...
Modeling Behavioral Endophenotypes Related to Alcohol Abuse in
... Modeling of Phenotypes related to the predisposition to alcoholism and assessing the actions of alcohol Example 1: The role of g-Protein Kinase C Initial sensitivity---Low Responding Anxiety and risk taking ...
... Modeling of Phenotypes related to the predisposition to alcoholism and assessing the actions of alcohol Example 1: The role of g-Protein Kinase C Initial sensitivity---Low Responding Anxiety and risk taking ...
Modulation of lysosomal enzymes activity by Carica papaya Linn
... liver and spleen enlargement and leaves act as haemostatic[9]. Long term inhalation of Carbon Tetrachloride vapour in experimental animal produces liver cirrhosis which is similar to human alcoholic cirrhosis. The lysosomes plays an important role in cell death and tissue damage and therefore it is ...
... liver and spleen enlargement and leaves act as haemostatic[9]. Long term inhalation of Carbon Tetrachloride vapour in experimental animal produces liver cirrhosis which is similar to human alcoholic cirrhosis. The lysosomes plays an important role in cell death and tissue damage and therefore it is ...
Session 14 Pharmacodynamics
... It is not always possible to construct graded dose-response curves if the pharmacological response is an either-or (quantal) event such as: prevention of convulsions, arrhythmia or death. The clinical relevance of a quantitative DR relationship in a single patient may be limited in application to ot ...
... It is not always possible to construct graded dose-response curves if the pharmacological response is an either-or (quantal) event such as: prevention of convulsions, arrhythmia or death. The clinical relevance of a quantitative DR relationship in a single patient may be limited in application to ot ...
Parasympathetic nervous system
... - the heart rate may be slow initially or following a low dose (less than 0.5 mg) (result of central vagal stimulation + block of presynaptic M-autoreceptor inhibitory effects); as the muscarinic (M2) receptors on the SA node are blocked by higher concentrations of atropine, tachycardia results - at ...
... - the heart rate may be slow initially or following a low dose (less than 0.5 mg) (result of central vagal stimulation + block of presynaptic M-autoreceptor inhibitory effects); as the muscarinic (M2) receptors on the SA node are blocked by higher concentrations of atropine, tachycardia results - at ...
Advances in Environmental Biology
... large amounts. Although increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels along the bile ducts, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and the accumulation of fatty deposits in the liver has been observed and chemical factors and different drugs ...
... large amounts. Although increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels along the bile ducts, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and the accumulation of fatty deposits in the liver has been observed and chemical factors and different drugs ...
Drugs for Depressive Disorders
... ➼ Depression (second choice drug, or as an adjunct with other therapies) ➼ Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (second choice drug). ➼ Smoking cessation (20-25% of success) ...
... ➼ Depression (second choice drug, or as an adjunct with other therapies) ➼ Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (second choice drug). ➼ Smoking cessation (20-25% of success) ...
High-dose antipsychotic medication
... extrapyramidal side-effects and hyperprolactinaemia. Inference about the degree of D, receptor block in the basal ganglia from clinical extrapyramidal signs is complicated by the fact that coincidental blockade at acetylcholine and/or serotonin receptors will minimise or abolish the motor effects of ...
... extrapyramidal side-effects and hyperprolactinaemia. Inference about the degree of D, receptor block in the basal ganglia from clinical extrapyramidal signs is complicated by the fact that coincidental blockade at acetylcholine and/or serotonin receptors will minimise or abolish the motor effects of ...
File - Biology by Napier
... microorganism) infection doubled in the human population near the dam. As a result of building the dam, the flow of the Nile changed. This changed the habitat, which resulted in an increase in its population of a certain aquatic snail. The snails, which were infected, released larvae of the fluke. T ...
... microorganism) infection doubled in the human population near the dam. As a result of building the dam, the flow of the Nile changed. This changed the habitat, which resulted in an increase in its population of a certain aquatic snail. The snails, which were infected, released larvae of the fluke. T ...
united states securities and exchange commission - corporate
... industry. Becky Taub is Madrigal’s Founder and will serve in the new company as CMO and Executive Vice President of R&D. She’s a recognized expert in liver regeneration and diseases of the liver. She led teams that discovered Eliquis, while at DuPont and MGL-3196 while at Roche. In full disclosure, ...
... industry. Becky Taub is Madrigal’s Founder and will serve in the new company as CMO and Executive Vice President of R&D. She’s a recognized expert in liver regeneration and diseases of the liver. She led teams that discovered Eliquis, while at DuPont and MGL-3196 while at Roche. In full disclosure, ...
An Update on Plant Derived Anti-Androgens
... There is clearly a need for a greater variety and more efficacious drugs to treat androgen related disorders such as those outlined above. The fact that there is an increasing emphasis over recent years on the potential for alternative anti-androgen compounds derived from plants is interesting and r ...
... There is clearly a need for a greater variety and more efficacious drugs to treat androgen related disorders such as those outlined above. The fact that there is an increasing emphasis over recent years on the potential for alternative anti-androgen compounds derived from plants is interesting and r ...
Severe persistant asthma
... QVAR® - “Quality and Value in Asthma Relief (Beclomethasone) Effects/Mechanism of action • small-particle inhaled corticosteroid (ICS） • most effective anti-inflammatory agent used in asthma • used to prevent attacks of asthma and not to treat acute attacks • requires continuous and prolonged use to ...
... QVAR® - “Quality and Value in Asthma Relief (Beclomethasone) Effects/Mechanism of action • small-particle inhaled corticosteroid (ICS） • most effective anti-inflammatory agent used in asthma • used to prevent attacks of asthma and not to treat acute attacks • requires continuous and prolonged use to ...
Benzodiazepine Pharmacology and Central Nervous System
... BZDs are classified in terms of their elimination half-life. Short-acting BZDs have a median elimination half-life of 1-12 hours, intermediate-acting BZDs have an average elimination half-life of 12-40 hours, and long-acting BZDs have an average elimination half-life of 40-250 hours.2 As noted earli ...
... BZDs are classified in terms of their elimination half-life. Short-acting BZDs have a median elimination half-life of 1-12 hours, intermediate-acting BZDs have an average elimination half-life of 12-40 hours, and long-acting BZDs have an average elimination half-life of 40-250 hours.2 As noted earli ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... Use of ormiloxifene as a weekly contraceptive & in the treatment of menorrhagia, Dysfuncitonal Uterine Bleeding, mastalgia is well known 2. The drug acts by modulating the estrogen receptors on endometrium there by decidualizing the endometrium3. It is given in a dose of 60 mg twice weekly for 3 mon ...
... Use of ormiloxifene as a weekly contraceptive & in the treatment of menorrhagia, Dysfuncitonal Uterine Bleeding, mastalgia is well known 2. The drug acts by modulating the estrogen receptors on endometrium there by decidualizing the endometrium3. It is given in a dose of 60 mg twice weekly for 3 mon ...
Mechanism of Actions of Antidepressants: Beyond the Receptors
... of antidepressants produces little in the way of subjective or behavioral effects (other than side effects). Substantial improvement in depressive symptoms occurs only if the drugs are taken at adequate dosage and with adequate frequency and permanence. However, it may not be necessary to maintain c ...
... of antidepressants produces little in the way of subjective or behavioral effects (other than side effects). Substantial improvement in depressive symptoms occurs only if the drugs are taken at adequate dosage and with adequate frequency and permanence. However, it may not be necessary to maintain c ...
Strengths and Limitations of In Vitro Xenobiotic Metabolism Assays
... • ‘Early’ PHH cultures and NextGen in vitro liver models have shown promise in improving our ability to predict in vivo metabolism • Additional research is needed to define metabolic ‘competence’ grounded in metabolite profiles to reflect stages of cell/tissue differentiation and development (e.g. n ...
... • ‘Early’ PHH cultures and NextGen in vitro liver models have shown promise in improving our ability to predict in vivo metabolism • Additional research is needed to define metabolic ‘competence’ grounded in metabolite profiles to reflect stages of cell/tissue differentiation and development (e.g. n ...
Natural Hormone Booklet
... Natural HRT as practiced by MyoMed uses hormones exactly the same as those produced by your own body. These more correctly are called bio-identical hormones. They do not have the same side effects as the drugs. Bio-identical hormones are synthesized in the laboratory from plant products, mainly soy ...
... Natural HRT as practiced by MyoMed uses hormones exactly the same as those produced by your own body. These more correctly are called bio-identical hormones. They do not have the same side effects as the drugs. Bio-identical hormones are synthesized in the laboratory from plant products, mainly soy ...
Document
... • A double ringed, crystalline organic base, C5H4N4, from which is derived the nitrogen bases adenine and guanine, as well as uric acid as a metabolic end product. • Purines are found in all of the body’s cells, and in virtually all foods. • The high purine foods are also high-protein foods and they ...
... • A double ringed, crystalline organic base, C5H4N4, from which is derived the nitrogen bases adenine and guanine, as well as uric acid as a metabolic end product. • Purines are found in all of the body’s cells, and in virtually all foods. • The high purine foods are also high-protein foods and they ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.