How Universal Is Natural Selection?
... and colleagues (2011) that divergence (in body size) among lineages accumulates only after the lineages have been separated for a million years or so, but he does not suggest why divergence should increase only then. I offer that this pattern may be related to his conclusion that species, as a whole ...
... and colleagues (2011) that divergence (in body size) among lineages accumulates only after the lineages have been separated for a million years or so, but he does not suggest why divergence should increase only then. I offer that this pattern may be related to his conclusion that species, as a whole ...
Theory of Evolution FYI…Charles Darwin Theory of Evolution
... • When an ancestral species evolves into an array of species to fit a variety of habits. • If you place 2 similar looking species in different environments over time they will become more different in their appearance due to the differences in the traits needed to survive. • This is how one species ...
... • When an ancestral species evolves into an array of species to fit a variety of habits. • If you place 2 similar looking species in different environments over time they will become more different in their appearance due to the differences in the traits needed to survive. • This is how one species ...
Platyhelminthes & Nematoda
... Class Turbellaria-planarians, free-living, nonparasitic, live in moist environments Class Trematoda-flukes, parasites that absorb nutrients from the body of a host harming it, may have more than 1 host Class Cestoidea-tapeworms, parasitic, live inside 1 or more hosts, contain flat segments each with ...
... Class Turbellaria-planarians, free-living, nonparasitic, live in moist environments Class Trematoda-flukes, parasites that absorb nutrients from the body of a host harming it, may have more than 1 host Class Cestoidea-tapeworms, parasitic, live inside 1 or more hosts, contain flat segments each with ...
Equilibrium-based models of the maintenance of
... Evidence from these coral reefs suggests that some marine communities exhibit consistent patterns of assembly - more so than comparable terrestrial systems from the quaternary period ...
... Evidence from these coral reefs suggests that some marine communities exhibit consistent patterns of assembly - more so than comparable terrestrial systems from the quaternary period ...
Environmental Science
... • Species can compete even if they never come into ____________________________ with each other. • For example, suppose that one ________________________________ on a certain plant during they day and that another species feeds on the same plant during the night. Because they use the _______________ ...
... • Species can compete even if they never come into ____________________________ with each other. • For example, suppose that one ________________________________ on a certain plant during they day and that another species feeds on the same plant during the night. Because they use the _______________ ...
Competition trade-offs
... Observational studies are (sometimes) consistent with the hypothesis that coexistence is linked to resource heterogeneity. ...
... Observational studies are (sometimes) consistent with the hypothesis that coexistence is linked to resource heterogeneity. ...
Keystone Species Concept
... African people, and a bird, Indicator indicator. • Borans find bee colonies more quickly when guided by the bird • Honeyguides get larvae, wax, and are in less danger from bees ...
... African people, and a bird, Indicator indicator. • Borans find bee colonies more quickly when guided by the bird • Honeyguides get larvae, wax, and are in less danger from bees ...
evolution_-_theory__patterns_ch._15__16_part
... inferred evolution by natural selection. • Darwin had the idea first, but only published his book once he knew Wallace had also arrived at the same conclusion – Darwin had been working on it for over 20 years!! • Darwin explained his theory more completely and with more supporting evidence, and es ...
... inferred evolution by natural selection. • Darwin had the idea first, but only published his book once he knew Wallace had also arrived at the same conclusion – Darwin had been working on it for over 20 years!! • Darwin explained his theory more completely and with more supporting evidence, and es ...
Lecture 1
... All course information and updates will be posted there. Lecture pdfs will be available there also, usually the day before lecture. ...
... All course information and updates will be posted there. Lecture pdfs will be available there also, usually the day before lecture. ...
Ecological Terminology Niche = the role of the
... - Species can be lost by extinction * Can be result of natural ...
... - Species can be lost by extinction * Can be result of natural ...
![Chapter 1 [in PDF format] - Princeton University Press](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017020050_1-3639093182e45557b3b09d843fd09568-300x300.png)
Chapter 1 [in PDF format] - Princeton University Press
... typical angiosperm flower, with the route taken by pollen from anther to stigma (followed by pollen tube growth into the style) in an animal-pollinated species. ...
... typical angiosperm flower, with the route taken by pollen from anther to stigma (followed by pollen tube growth into the style) in an animal-pollinated species. ...
Number 3 – May 9, 2011 Weather Effects on Insect Pests The cool
... especially right after a rain when the soil is moist. A hoe will work well too. In landscape beds, mulch and groundcovers work well to keep weed ...
... especially right after a rain when the soil is moist. A hoe will work well too. In landscape beds, mulch and groundcovers work well to keep weed ...
Symbiosis
... Interaction There are three main types of interaction between organisms: • Competition • Predation • Symbiosis ...
... Interaction There are three main types of interaction between organisms: • Competition • Predation • Symbiosis ...
Nedecolsn2013 31.5 KB
... Describe a physical model for carrying capacity that involves consumption of abiotic factors. We will now describe roles for competitive, predatory, parasitic, commensalistic, and mutualistic relationships on the board…take notes! It is important to understand the limits of competitive advantage, an ...
... Describe a physical model for carrying capacity that involves consumption of abiotic factors. We will now describe roles for competitive, predatory, parasitic, commensalistic, and mutualistic relationships on the board…take notes! It is important to understand the limits of competitive advantage, an ...
Lecture 22: Coevolution
... • Relative brain size ↑ through time • Carnivores are “smarter” than ungulates • Evidence for coevolution? • Less evidence for coevol’n of running speed Why? costs of adaptation • resistance to 1 pred. may ↑ vulnerability to others e.g. Cucurbitacins:protect from mites; attract beetles ...
... • Relative brain size ↑ through time • Carnivores are “smarter” than ungulates • Evidence for coevolution? • Less evidence for coevol’n of running speed Why? costs of adaptation • resistance to 1 pred. may ↑ vulnerability to others e.g. Cucurbitacins:protect from mites; attract beetles ...
Exam Review
... • Different species that do not share a recent common ancestor have evolved similar traits because they experience the same selective pressures (analogous features) Ex. 1 Eyes of spiders and humans Ex. 2 Streamlined body shape of sharks and dolphins ...
... • Different species that do not share a recent common ancestor have evolved similar traits because they experience the same selective pressures (analogous features) Ex. 1 Eyes of spiders and humans Ex. 2 Streamlined body shape of sharks and dolphins ...
COMMUNITY
... Periwinkles find Chondrus, which is the dominant alga on rocks, to be tough so they eat other less competitive algal species reducing diversity ...
... Periwinkles find Chondrus, which is the dominant alga on rocks, to be tough so they eat other less competitive algal species reducing diversity ...
9.1.R_PracticeTest - Menno Simons Christian School
... separates the mice on the lower slope from mice on the upper slope. After many thousands of years, the mice on the upper slope are significantly different from those living on the lower slope. 25. What accounted for this change in the mice? A. genetic diversity B. variability C. species distribution ...
... separates the mice on the lower slope from mice on the upper slope. After many thousands of years, the mice on the upper slope are significantly different from those living on the lower slope. 25. What accounted for this change in the mice? A. genetic diversity B. variability C. species distribution ...
Sexual selection or wind dispersal?
... and is therefore likely to be biologically meaningful. One problem with the seed dispersal hypothesis is that it seems these benefits should apply equally well in any environment, so it remains unclear why gigantism should be a unique feature of tropical high altitudes. Other factors may have influe ...
... and is therefore likely to be biologically meaningful. One problem with the seed dispersal hypothesis is that it seems these benefits should apply equally well in any environment, so it remains unclear why gigantism should be a unique feature of tropical high altitudes. Other factors may have influe ...
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution is ""the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object"". In other words, when changes in at least two species' genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution, coevolution has occurred.There is evidence for coevolution at the level of populations and species. Charles Darwin briefly described the concept of coevolution in On the Origin of Species (1859) and developed it in detail in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). It is likely that viruses and their hosts coevolve in various scenarios.However, there is little evidence of coevolution driving large-scale changes in Earth's history, since abiotic factors such as mass extinction and expansion into ecospaces seem to guide the shifts in the abundance of major groups. One proposed specific example was the evolution of high-crowned teeth in grazers when grasslands spread through North America - long held up as an example of coevolution. We now know that these events happened independently.Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution of different species includes the evolution of a host species and its parasites (host–parasite coevolution), and examples of mutualism evolving through time. Evolution in response to abiotic factors, such as climate change, is not biological coevolution (since climate is not alive and does not undergo biological evolution).The general conclusion is that coevolution may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity seen in normal populations including: blood-plasma polymorphism, protein polymorphism, histocompatibility systems, etc.The parasite/host relationship probably drove the prevalence of sexual reproduction over the more efficient asexual reproduction. It seems that when a parasite infects a host, sexual reproduction affords a better chance of developing resistance (through variation in the next generation), giving sexual reproduction viability for fitness not seen in the asexual reproduction, which produces another generation of the organism susceptible to infection by the same parasite.Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology / international political economy and astronomy.