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Notes
Notes

... – Occurs whenever reproductive isolation develops (see next slide) – Various ways it can happen: • Coevolution • Convergent evolution • Divergent evolution • Microevolution • Adaptive radiation ...
Chapter 17: Biological Communities
Chapter 17: Biological Communities

... organisms and leaves the other unharmed or unaffected ___ types of relationships 1)_____________- symbiotic relationship in which both participating species benefits - Ex.- ants and aphids - aphids take sucrose from plants and excrete it (honey dew) - ants use honey dew as food and protect aphids fr ...
Scientific Methd Lesson #1 - Marana Unified School District
Scientific Methd Lesson #1 - Marana Unified School District

... ...
biodiversity - WordPress.com
biodiversity - WordPress.com

... survival characteristics. It relates to variability because natural selection chooses who survives and doesn’t, while variability has some members that have some survival characteristics. ...
Chapter 4: The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species
Chapter 4: The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species

... • Analogous: having similar traits due to similar use, not due to shared ancestry. ...
Microsoft Word - Activity4.doc
Microsoft Word - Activity4.doc

... ______ Two species of finches that live on two different islands have similar beaks, both suited for using the same food supply (seeds). On a third island, they coexist, but due to evolution, the beak of each bird species is different. This minimizes competition by enabling each finch to feed on see ...
Tropical Plants
Tropical Plants

... Most species of Solanum are toxic; again, note the spines on the tops of their leaves. BTW, the tomato is a member of the Solanaceae. ...
Newsletter March 2012 - Meyersdal Eco Estate
Newsletter March 2012 - Meyersdal Eco Estate

...  Whydahs and Indigobirds ...
Illicium - Pleasant Run Nursery
Illicium - Pleasant Run Nursery

... range in size from 1-2” in diameter and are composed of 20-30 strap-shaped, slightly reflexed petals. In NJ, they appear in late April into May and, although the flowers never consume the plant with color, the myriad petals are fascinating to study. Some people find the flower fragrance malodorous s ...
parasites and predators
parasites and predators

... • A basic eating relationship between populations of different species. • Must be evaluated on the basis of its effects on populations, not on individuals. ...
an act of one organism feeding on another Example: A
an act of one organism feeding on another Example: A

... Aphids are another example of mutualism.  Aphids live on certain plants and eat the  sucrose in the plants. Most of this honeydew  runs out their anus in an altered form. Certain  ants eat this honeydew that runs out the ants  anus.  ...
Ecology and Trophic Levels
Ecology and Trophic Levels

... algae, which get their energy from the sun, are at the base of the food chain. They are eaten by herbivores, which are eaten by carnivores. An example of a food chain is: grass eaten by an insect, which is eaten by a frog, which is eaten by a snake, which is eaten by an owl. The owl is at the top of ...
Biotic interactions Genomics and coevolution
Biotic interactions Genomics and coevolution

... yucca moths, benefiting both partners. Adult yucca moths are the only pollinators of yucca flowers, hence they are essential for the reproduction of yucca plants. However, female moths lay their eggs within the yucca ovary, where developing larvae feed upon yucca seeds. Moth larvae must feed on yucc ...
Bio Chapter 21 Community Ecology
Bio Chapter 21 Community Ecology

...  Many plant chemicals are used for ...
Populations – Relationships in Nature
Populations – Relationships in Nature

... The difference between a parasite and predator is a parasite spends most of its life in or on the host, and does not usually kill the host. The parasite has an evolutionary advantage in that it allows the host to live longer. However, the host is often weakened or exposed to disease by the parasite. ...
Why things live where they do
Why things live where they do

... created, this is evolution – Evolution operates by Natural Selection Survival of the fittest OR more successful at passing on their genes ...
Highlighted
Highlighted

... within the Great Basin and potential linkages between “sky islands.” Many of the species in this study (9 of 13) had suitable habitat below their current range that could link different populations. This surprising result can be further tested with molecular research. Waltari and Guralnick also foun ...
Selecting Plants for the Design
Selecting Plants for the Design

... Vines- are woody or soft stemmed (herbaceous) plants that need some type of support. They may climb on objects or along the ground. Annuals- are herbaceous plants that live for one growing season and are valued for their flowers or colored leaves( foliage). Perennials- a plant that has a life cycle ...
Evolution Lecture
Evolution Lecture

... Large populations evolve very slowly or almost not at all. Advantageous mutations pass very slowly through a population. Small populations can evolve very rapidly. Advantageous mutations can be passed very quickly through the population. ...
The Organization of Life Section 2 Evolution by Natural Selection
The Organization of Life Section 2 Evolution by Natural Selection

... • The Lobelia flower has two adaptations: – The first is the sweet nectar, which attracts the birds. – The second is the flower structure that forces pollen onto the bird’s head when the bird sips nectar. ...
Natural selection and predator –prey interactions
Natural selection and predator –prey interactions

... Ecological interactions between organisms 1) Competition(-/-) two organisms using the same resources -Interspecific competition : Competition between members of two or more species. -Intraspecific competition : Competition among members of a single species. 2) Predator-prey (+/-) (including herbivo ...
File
File

... Species Interactions, Succession, and Sustainability G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13th Edition Chapter 8 Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College ...
CH 8
CH 8

... Species Interactions, Succession, and Sustainability G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13th Edition Chapter 8 Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College ...
22-3 “Interactions Among Living Things”
22-3 “Interactions Among Living Things”

... Ticks feed on the blood of mice in a symbiotic relationship called parasitism. ...
Document
Document

... Some Pelagic Species. ...
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Coevolution



In biology, coevolution is ""the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object"". In other words, when changes in at least two species' genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution, coevolution has occurred.There is evidence for coevolution at the level of populations and species. Charles Darwin briefly described the concept of coevolution in On the Origin of Species (1859) and developed it in detail in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). It is likely that viruses and their hosts coevolve in various scenarios.However, there is little evidence of coevolution driving large-scale changes in Earth's history, since abiotic factors such as mass extinction and expansion into ecospaces seem to guide the shifts in the abundance of major groups. One proposed specific example was the evolution of high-crowned teeth in grazers when grasslands spread through North America - long held up as an example of coevolution. We now know that these events happened independently.Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution of different species includes the evolution of a host species and its parasites (host–parasite coevolution), and examples of mutualism evolving through time. Evolution in response to abiotic factors, such as climate change, is not biological coevolution (since climate is not alive and does not undergo biological evolution).The general conclusion is that coevolution may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity seen in normal populations including: blood-plasma polymorphism, protein polymorphism, histocompatibility systems, etc.The parasite/host relationship probably drove the prevalence of sexual reproduction over the more efficient asexual reproduction. It seems that when a parasite infects a host, sexual reproduction affords a better chance of developing resistance (through variation in the next generation), giving sexual reproduction viability for fitness not seen in the asexual reproduction, which produces another generation of the organism susceptible to infection by the same parasite.Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology / international political economy and astronomy.
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