Life Stages of High
... • The core temperature rises rapidly when helium fusion begins. • The helium fusion rate skyrockets until thermal pressure takes over and expands the core again. ...
... • The core temperature rises rapidly when helium fusion begins. • The helium fusion rate skyrockets until thermal pressure takes over and expands the core again. ...
Lecture 3: Matter
... In cold conditions, even particles that are weakly bound can survive, such as molecules and neutral atoms. As the environmental gets hotter, molecules break apart into atoms, atoms become ionized, etc. and in the most extreme cases, protons & neutrons dissolve into quarks. The energy to break them a ...
... In cold conditions, even particles that are weakly bound can survive, such as molecules and neutral atoms. As the environmental gets hotter, molecules break apart into atoms, atoms become ionized, etc. and in the most extreme cases, protons & neutrons dissolve into quarks. The energy to break them a ...
Neutron star - SharpSchool
... They must be detected by the x-rays which are given off The Largest Black Holes in the Universe ...
... They must be detected by the x-rays which are given off The Largest Black Holes in the Universe ...
Exploration of the Milky Way and Nearby galaxies
... such as the alpha-element Mg, are mandatory for demonstrating that the same type of stars produced the metals found in dwarf galaxies and the Galactic halo. Frebel et al. showed that the overall abundance pattern mirrors that seen in lowmetallicity halo stars, including alpha-elements. Such chemical ...
... such as the alpha-element Mg, are mandatory for demonstrating that the same type of stars produced the metals found in dwarf galaxies and the Galactic halo. Frebel et al. showed that the overall abundance pattern mirrors that seen in lowmetallicity halo stars, including alpha-elements. Such chemical ...
22_SN1987a
... • A shock wave rebounds through the outer layers of the star: some of the neutrons fly out through the ejecta and make heavy elements by 56Fe + Nn 56+NX • The core continues to collapse: it either halts as a stable neutron star or becomes a black hole depending upon the mass remaining in the core ...
... • A shock wave rebounds through the outer layers of the star: some of the neutrons fly out through the ejecta and make heavy elements by 56Fe + Nn 56+NX • The core continues to collapse: it either halts as a stable neutron star or becomes a black hole depending upon the mass remaining in the core ...
Key Areas covered
... The Big Bang Theory took place around 13.8 billion years ago. The universe was originally very hot and very dense concentrated in a tiny point known as a singularity (smaller than an atom). It caused our universe to expand suddenly from the singularity bringing time and space into existence. Followi ...
... The Big Bang Theory took place around 13.8 billion years ago. The universe was originally very hot and very dense concentrated in a tiny point known as a singularity (smaller than an atom). It caused our universe to expand suddenly from the singularity bringing time and space into existence. Followi ...
Key Areas covered
... The Big Bang Theory took place around 13.8 billion years ago. The universe was originally very hot and very dense concentrated in a tiny point known as a singularity (smaller than an atom). It caused our universe to expand suddenly from the singularity bringing time and space into existence. Followi ...
... The Big Bang Theory took place around 13.8 billion years ago. The universe was originally very hot and very dense concentrated in a tiny point known as a singularity (smaller than an atom). It caused our universe to expand suddenly from the singularity bringing time and space into existence. Followi ...
The Evolution of the Universe and the formation of Black Holes
... other known parts of the universe as well. The rarest heavy element that has been discovered is tantalum. During the evolution of the universe, wherever favorable conditions were present, which generally means liquid water, certain effects of life emerged as well. Our civilization still is not suffi ...
... other known parts of the universe as well. The rarest heavy element that has been discovered is tantalum. During the evolution of the universe, wherever favorable conditions were present, which generally means liquid water, certain effects of life emerged as well. Our civilization still is not suffi ...
We Are Made of Stardust
... For stars, there is a price to be paid for creativity: The more kinds of atoms created, the shorter-lived the star. Only the chemically laconic are long-lived. The reason pertains to gravity and how gravity determines the extent and pace of nuclear fusion. The more mass (more hydrogen) that a star b ...
... For stars, there is a price to be paid for creativity: The more kinds of atoms created, the shorter-lived the star. Only the chemically laconic are long-lived. The reason pertains to gravity and how gravity determines the extent and pace of nuclear fusion. The more mass (more hydrogen) that a star b ...
mission
... Hydrogen burning at the center of the Sun usually takes place in a three-step process. Step 1: Two protons (hydrogen nuclei, shown in red) combine to form a deuterium (proton+neutron), plus a massless neutrino and positron (anti electron). The positron annihilates an electron producing gamma rays (p ...
... Hydrogen burning at the center of the Sun usually takes place in a three-step process. Step 1: Two protons (hydrogen nuclei, shown in red) combine to form a deuterium (proton+neutron), plus a massless neutrino and positron (anti electron). The positron annihilates an electron producing gamma rays (p ...
Document
... Meteorites can provide accurate information on elemental abundances in the presolar nebula. More precise than solar spectra if data in some cases. Principal source for isotopic information. But some gases escape and cannot be determined this way (for example hydrogen, or noble gases) Not all meteori ...
... Meteorites can provide accurate information on elemental abundances in the presolar nebula. More precise than solar spectra if data in some cases. Principal source for isotopic information. But some gases escape and cannot be determined this way (for example hydrogen, or noble gases) Not all meteori ...
Physics in the Balance - Max-Planck
... assumed there is an island of stability somewhere near element 120. “The nuclei there could live for years,” explains Blaum. Subtle quantum effects are assumed to form the stabilizing nuclear glue on this island, which also exerts a powerful force of attraction on the Max Planck researcher. He is no ...
... assumed there is an island of stability somewhere near element 120. “The nuclei there could live for years,” explains Blaum. Subtle quantum effects are assumed to form the stabilizing nuclear glue on this island, which also exerts a powerful force of attraction on the Max Planck researcher. He is no ...
ii. star clusters
... 1. ____________ 2. Don’t lie within the galactic _______*, but they do ________ center of our galaxy 3. Often ___________ of stars 4. __________ of years old a. No main sequence stars > Ms b Lots of red giants and white dwarfs 5. Only about ______ or so in our galaxy ...
... 1. ____________ 2. Don’t lie within the galactic _______*, but they do ________ center of our galaxy 3. Often ___________ of stars 4. __________ of years old a. No main sequence stars > Ms b Lots of red giants and white dwarfs 5. Only about ______ or so in our galaxy ...
Life Cycle of the Stars
... • How a star ends its life depends on its mass or how much matter it was born with. • Low and medium mass stars will end up as white dwarfs. • Stars that started with a lot of mass may end their lives as black holes or neutron stars. ...
... • How a star ends its life depends on its mass or how much matter it was born with. • Low and medium mass stars will end up as white dwarfs. • Stars that started with a lot of mass may end their lives as black holes or neutron stars. ...
As a pure solid, elemental carbon occurs in two distinct chemical forms
... Astronomers have a directory of spectra for all known atoms and molecules. When they receive radiation from outer space, they analyze the spectrum of that radiation and then compare it to what they have in their directory. When they find a match, they know what atom or molecule in outer space emitt ...
... Astronomers have a directory of spectra for all known atoms and molecules. When they receive radiation from outer space, they analyze the spectrum of that radiation and then compare it to what they have in their directory. When they find a match, they know what atom or molecule in outer space emitt ...
Advanced Burning Stages - Michigan State University
... Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics was born ...
... Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics was born ...
Research News
... come as a surprise. But with each one, we get a better understanding of the fate of stars, and at the same time we think of new questions that drive more observations and theoretical work.” If you want to be surprised, attend ...
... come as a surprise. But with each one, we get a better understanding of the fate of stars, and at the same time we think of new questions that drive more observations and theoretical work.” If you want to be surprised, attend ...
obafgkm - Piscataway High School
... 1. Why classify stars? We classify stars because they vary in many properties, such as: size, temperature, composition, mass 2. Stars are currently classified by the strength of their hydrogen absorption lines 3. This strength depends upon the star’s temperature. Lines are strongest for mid-temperat ...
... 1. Why classify stars? We classify stars because they vary in many properties, such as: size, temperature, composition, mass 2. Stars are currently classified by the strength of their hydrogen absorption lines 3. This strength depends upon the star’s temperature. Lines are strongest for mid-temperat ...
(convective) core of a star
... • 12B β-decays within 20 ms into the second excited state in 12C • This state then immediately decays under alpha emission into 8Be • Which immediately decays into 2 alpha particles So they saw after the delay of the b-decay 3 alpha particles coming from their target after a few ms of irradiation ...
... • 12B β-decays within 20 ms into the second excited state in 12C • This state then immediately decays under alpha emission into 8Be • Which immediately decays into 2 alpha particles So they saw after the delay of the b-decay 3 alpha particles coming from their target after a few ms of irradiation ...
Science Olympiad - Department of Physics and Astronomy
... relationship between period and luminosity or absolute magnitude. This absolute magnitude can be calculated as a function of the variable’s period. Comparing this to its apparent magnitude one can calculate the distance with the ...
... relationship between period and luminosity or absolute magnitude. This absolute magnitude can be calculated as a function of the variable’s period. Comparing this to its apparent magnitude one can calculate the distance with the ...
E.S. 14: The Universe Universe Formation: The Big Bang Theory
... B. Spiral galaxies have spiral arms that start close to the center. i. Ex: The Milky Way ...
... B. Spiral galaxies have spiral arms that start close to the center. i. Ex: The Milky Way ...
Age, Evolution, and Size of the Cosmos
... • All forces are carried by particles (photons, gluons, W/Z) • Gravity must be carried by gravitons. Quantum effects are small at low energies, but they dominate when field is strong. • QG is still being developed (string theory, loop gravity, etc) • Main applications of QG: Early Universe, black ho ...
... • All forces are carried by particles (photons, gluons, W/Z) • Gravity must be carried by gravitons. Quantum effects are small at low energies, but they dominate when field is strong. • QG is still being developed (string theory, loop gravity, etc) • Main applications of QG: Early Universe, black ho ...
Nucleosynthesis
Nucleosynthesis is the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons, primarily protons and neutrons. The first nuclei were formed about three minutes after the Big Bang, through the process called Big Bang nucleosynthesis. It was then that hydrogen and helium formed to become the content of the first stars, and this primeval process is responsible for the present hydrogen/helium ratio of the cosmos.With the formation of stars, heavier nuclei were created from hydrogen and helium by stellar nucleosynthesis, a process that continues today. Some of these elements, particularly those lighter than iron, continue to be delivered to the interstellar medium when low mass stars eject their outer envelope before they collapse to form white dwarfs. The remains of their ejected mass form the planetary nebulae observable throughout our galaxy.Supernova nucleosynthesis within exploding stars by fusing carbon and oxygen is responsible for the abundances of elements between magnesium (atomic number 12) and nickel (atomic number 28). Supernova nucleosynthesis is also thought to be responsible for the creation of rarer elements heavier than iron and nickel, in the last few seconds of a type II supernova event. The synthesis of these heavier elements absorbs energy (endothermic) as they are created, from the energy produced during the supernova explosion. Some of those elements are created from the absorption of multiple neutrons (the R process) in the period of a few seconds during the explosion. The elements formed in supernovas include the heaviest elements known, such as the long-lived elements uranium and thorium.Cosmic ray spallation, caused when cosmic rays impact the interstellar medium and fragment larger atomic species, is a significant source of the lighter nuclei, particularly 3He, 9Be and 10,11B, that are not created by stellar nucleosynthesis.In addition to the fusion processes responsible for the growing abundances of elements in the universe, a few minor natural processes continue to produce very small numbers of new nuclides on Earth. These nuclides contribute little to their abundances, but may account for the presence of specific new nuclei. These nuclides are produced via radiogenesis (decay) of long-lived, heavy, primordial radionuclides such as uranium and thorium. Cosmic ray bombardment of elements on Earth also contribute to the presence of rare, short-lived atomic species called cosmogenic nuclides.