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... Two topological spaces X and Y are Borel isomorphic if there is a Borel measurable function f : X → Y with Borel inverse. Such a function is said to be a Borel isomorphism. The following result classifies all Polish spaces up to Borel isomorphism. Theorem. Every uncountable Polish space is Borel iso ...
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PROOF. Let a = ∫X f dµ/µ(X). By convexity the graph of g lies
PROOF. Let a = ∫X f dµ/µ(X). By convexity the graph of g lies

bases. Sub-bases. - Dartmouth Math Home
bases. Sub-bases. - Dartmouth Math Home

Section 17. Closed Sets and Limit Points - Faculty
Section 17. Closed Sets and Limit Points - Faculty

SOLUTIONS - MATH 490 INSTRUCTOR: George Voutsadakis
SOLUTIONS - MATH 490 INSTRUCTOR: George Voutsadakis

1. Scheme A ringed space is a pair (X,OX), where X is a topological
1. Scheme A ringed space is a pair (X,OX), where X is a topological

$ H $-closed extensions of topological spaces
$ H $-closed extensions of topological spaces

ON THE SEPARATELY OPEN TOPOLOGY 1. Introduction
ON THE SEPARATELY OPEN TOPOLOGY 1. Introduction

MA4266_Lect10
MA4266_Lect10

X → Y must be constant. .... Let T
X → Y must be constant. .... Let T

Math 8306, Algebraic Topology Homework 12 Due in-class on Wednesday, December 3
Math 8306, Algebraic Topology Homework 12 Due in-class on Wednesday, December 3

... = B × G as right G-spaces. 2. Let G and H be topological groups. Suppose P1 → B is a principal Gbundle and P2 → B is a principal H-bundle. Show P1 ×B P2 (pullback!) is a principal G × H-bundle. 3. Suppose G → H is a homomorphism of topological groups, and P → B is a principal G-bundle. Show that the ...
Appendix: Basic notions and results in general topology A.1
Appendix: Basic notions and results in general topology A.1

... Definition. Topological space is a pair (X, T ), where X is a set and T is a family of subsets of X, satisfying the following properties: (a) ∅ ∈ T , X ∈ T . S (b) If A ⊂ T is any subset, then A ∈ T . (c) For any two sets U, V ∈ T we have U ∩ V ∈ T . A family T with these properties is called a topo ...
Topology Homework Assignment 1 Solutions
Topology Homework Assignment 1 Solutions

Quotient spaces
Quotient spaces

... (2) p: X → X/∼ should be a continuous map. Put more simply, we wish to topologize X/∼ in a way satisfying condition (2). There seems to be no good reason to place any further conditions on what a quotient space should be, so, with this motivation, we make the following definition. Definition. Suppos ...
The fundamental groupoid as a topological
The fundamental groupoid as a topological

§17 Closed sets and Limit points More on subspaces
§17 Closed sets and Limit points More on subspaces

Chapter 3 Topological and Metric Spaces
Chapter 3 Topological and Metric Spaces

... that the filter converges to a point x ∈ X, written F → x, if N(x) ⊂ F , i.e. F is finer than the filter of all neighbourhoods of the point x. It is equivalent to claim that τ(x) ⊂ F since the family τ(x) of all open neighbourhoods of the point x is a base of the filter N(x). We will say that a filt ...
The uniform metric on product spaces
The uniform metric on product spaces

Abstract
Abstract

Chapter 5 Hyperspaces
Chapter 5 Hyperspaces

Topology of Surfaces
Topology of Surfaces

Topology notes  - University of Arizona
Topology notes - University of Arizona

Lecture 10: September 29 Correction. Several people pointed out to
Lecture 10: September 29 Correction. Several people pointed out to

Point-countable bases and quasi
Point-countable bases and quasi

... below) l) and a point-countable weak a-space is quasi-developable. From the latter result follows the result of Okuyama [13] that a collectionwise normal Tx c-space is metrizable iff it has a point-countable base and the result of Heath [9] that a Г 3 stratifiable space is metrizable iff it has a po ...
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Grothendieck topology

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a Grothendieck topology is a structure on a category C which makes the objects of C act like the open sets of a topological space. A category together with a choice of Grothendieck topology is called a site.Grothendieck topologies axiomatize the notion of an open cover. Using the notion of covering provided by a Grothendieck topology, it becomes possible to define sheaves on a category and their cohomology. This was first done in algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory by Alexander Grothendieck to define the étale cohomology of a scheme. It has been used to define other cohomology theories since then, such as l-adic cohomology, flat cohomology, and crystalline cohomology. While Grothendieck topologies are most often used to define cohomology theories, they have found other applications as well, such as to John Tate's theory of rigid analytic geometry.There is a natural way to associate a site to an ordinary topological space, and Grothendieck's theory is loosely regarded as a generalization of classical topology. Under meager point-set hypotheses, namely sobriety, this is completely accurate—it is possible to recover a sober space from its associated site. However simple examples such as the indiscrete topological space show that not all topological spaces can be expressed using Grothendieck topologies. Conversely, there are Grothendieck topologies which do not come from topological spaces.
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